Teaching Important Points
Verb-ed phrases:The scientist has copied a human cell, assisted by recent advances in medical science.
Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper.
Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will split into several parts.
Teaching Difficult Points
Let Ss know how to use the verb-ed knowledge to solve the practical exercises in their daily study.
Teaching Methods
Presentational and practical approach.
Teaching Aids
The multimedia.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge and Skills
The usages of verb -ed phrases and the differences between v.-ing and v.-ed used as adjectives.
Process and Strategies
Ss read the instructions first, then T gives more examples of verb-ed forms used in its own or followed by an object and/or adverbial.In a word, students are centered with the help of the teacher.
Feelings and Values
Learn through reading— by learning some short passages, the students may learn the usages of the grammar items and topic item in this period.
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Revision
T:Last period, we learned the verb-ed form which can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence.Let’s do some exercises to consolidate its usages.
1.—What’s the language________________ in New Zealand?
—English.
A.speaking
B.spoken
C.be spoken
D.to speak
答案:B
2.The car________________ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.
A.produced
B.producing
C.to produce
D.which produced
答案:A
3.—You’d better have your sports jacket________________ .It’s too dirty.
— Thanks.I will.
A.to wash
B.washed
C.washing
D.wash
答案:B
4.Yesterday I heard a story________________ by my friend.
A.told
B.telling
C.to tell
D.tell
答案:A
5.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain________________ as the plane was making a landing.
A.seat
B.seating
C.seated
D.to be seating
答案:C
6.________________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A.Exposed
B.Having exposed
C.Being exposed
D.After being exposed
答案:C
7.Generally speaking, when________________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.to be taken
答案:B
8.The first textbooks________________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having been written
B.to be written
C.being written
D.written
答案:D
9.Is this the watch you wish________________ ?
A.to have repaired
B.to repair it
C.to have it repaired
D.will be repaired
答案:A
10.________________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A.Having been told
B.Though he had been told
C.He was told
D.Having told
答案:C
Step 2 Presentation
T:Today we’re going to learn the differences between verb-ed forms and the verb-ing forms:
Boys and girls, please go over Points 1-3 in Part 1 on Page 50, you may know that the passive verb-ed phrases can express the time, the reason and the condition.We can use clauses to rewrite the phrases.I’ll provide you with the following sentences and rewrite the sentences.
1)Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
2)Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
=If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.
3)Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.
=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.
4)After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, being exhausted.
(误) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.
（正） Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. (Her grandfather being ill.是独立主格结构。Her grandfather 是现在分词的逻辑主语，而主句的主语是she。)
T:Now look at the screen, let’s conclude something about the grammar item.
1.分词作状语:过去分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致的情况下，如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词，否则用现在分词。分词短语也可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。分词作状语可以相当于一个状语从句。现在分词的被动式，习惯上不作伴随状语。
2.分词作表语:一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”“高兴”，而是“使激动”“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，-ed形式常和人有关，-ing形式常和物有关。look, expression等词作主语时常用-ed形式作表语，但有时要看具体情况。请在下面的几组句中体会他们的区别。
The news was very exciting. I was excited at it.
The book is interesting. He is interested in it.
The question is puzzling. His look is puzzled.
His expression was frightening. I was frightened.
这类词有很多，如:
delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的
And we should pay attention to the following stable structure.
be covered with be lost in thought
be caught in the rain be separated from
be/become interested in be seated
be fixed on be dressed in white
be absorbed in the book be buried in work
3.作定语:过去分词作定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作已完成；现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
The school to be built is intended for the disabled children.
即将要建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。
The school being built is intended for the disabled children.
正在建设的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。
The school built last year is intended for the disabled children.
去年建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。
便于记忆-ed形式和-ing形式作表语及作定语时的区别的句子:
I am interested in the interesting book.
He was excited at the exciting news.
The parents were disappointed about their disappointing son.
Mr.Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel.
4.作补语:跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have,get, keep, hear, find,feel, leave, make,want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
Just now I caught him stealing things from the supermarket.
Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents worried.
Step 3 Practice
T:I want you to read the following sentences and learn special sentence structures.
(1)Strictly speaking, smoking is not allowed here.
(2)Judging from what he said, he is a southerner.
(3)Taken as a whole, there is nothing important in his speech.
(4)To tell you the truth, I don’t like the English teacher.
(5)To speak frankly, I don’t agree with you about the case.
并非所有分词的逻辑主语都要和句子的主语一致。此时的分词短语又可称为垂悬状语。有些动词不定式也可以这样运用。
Step 4 Consolidation
T:Please translate the following sentences into English.
(1) 这扇朝南的窗户是破的。
(2) 我们的班主任是一位受人爱戴的女性。
(3) 我今天收到的那封信是我哥哥寄来的。
(4) 输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。
(5) 从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很壮丽。
(6) 那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
Suggested answers:
(1)The window facing the south is broken.
(2)Our headteacher is a woman loved by all.
(3)The letter that reached me today is from my brother.
(4)She looked disappointed after she lost the game.
(5)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks significant.
(6)Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully.
Step 5 Homework
Ask students to finish more exercises on verb-ed phrases.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 3 Science versus natrue
The fifth period
Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
= If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend
= When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.
After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, being exhausted.(误)
After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.（正）
Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.
Records after Teaching
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Activities and Research
Students have learnt that a verb-ed or verb-ing form can have an understood subject and the understood subject is usually the same as the subject of the main clause.The T may introduce more examples to Ss: Judging from his accent, he must be from the south./ Taken as a whole, there is nothing interesting in the book.In the above sentences, the verb-ed or the verb-ing form do not agree with the subjects of the main clauses, Ss may find more situations like this: some infinitives can be used like this.
To tell you the truth, I didn’t like the pink.
To speak frankly, I don’t agree with you about the case.
Reference for Teaching
Background Information
不定式、动名词、分词作表语的对比:
1.不定式作表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability.
他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。
2.动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
Its full-time job is laying eggs.它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。
3.现在分词作表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。
The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词作表语）
With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）
4.常用作表语的现在分词有interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。
The joke is amusing.这笑话很逗人。
The problem is puzzling.这个问题令人不解。
5.过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词作表语）
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）
He is well educated.（过去分词作表语）
He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）
常用在句中作表语的过去分词有:
used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6.注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:
interest（使……感兴趣），surprise（使……吃惊），frighten（使……害怕），excite（使……兴奋），tire（使……疲劳），please（使……满意），puzzle（使……迷惑不解），satisfy（使……满意），amuse（使……娱乐），disappoint（使……失望），inspire（使……欢欣鼓舞），worry（使……忧虑）
它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look,voice等）。例如:
Climbing is tiring.爬山很累人。
They are very tired.他们很疲劳
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
Language points
give up 意为“停止/放弃”，其宾语可以是名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语时，通常放在give up之后；当名词或v-ing形式作宾语时，通常放在give up之后；当代词充当宾语时，宾语一般放在give与up之间。
Don’t give up your research on physics.不要放弃你的物理研究。
I would like you to give up smoking and drinking.我想让你把烟酒戒了。
She has given up playing the piano since her husband died.
自从她丈夫死后，她就已经不再弹钢琴了。
give up也可以表示“让出”。
He give up his seat to an old man.他让座给一位老人。
比较:
give away 意为“赠送/分发/丧失/泄露”give off意为“发出（烟/光/热等）时=give out”;give out还有“耗尽/筋疲力尽”的意思；give in“屈服/让步”。指放弃争辩、竞争等，比喻用法，指向困难、挫折低头。为不及物动词词组。
The headmaster gave away medals to the winners at the sports meet.
校长为运动会各奖项的获得者颁发奖章。
Our school’s football team has given away a good chance of winning the match.
我们校足球队失去了打赢这场比赛的好机会。
The heavily-polluted river gives off a bad smell.
这条污染严重的河流散发出一股难闻的气味。
After two days our food gave out, and we had to return.
两天后，食物吃光了，我们只好返回。
He dug and dug until his arms gave out.他挖了又挖，直到双臂酸软无力。
Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.
双方都说有理，谁也不服输。
With justice on our side, we will never give in.正义在我们这边，我们决不让步。
高考链接
1.(2004湖北高考)________________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A.Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared
答案:D
解析:compared with 表示被动，过去分词作状语。
2.（经典回放）Friendship is like money:easier made than________________.
A.kept
B.to be kept
C.keeping
D.being kept
答案:A
解析:考虑到句子的前后一致性，应该选用过去分词kept。此处是省略句，原句应该是 (It is) easier made than (it is) kept.
3.—What’s happening in the street?
—A group________________ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.
A.calls
B.called
C.calling
D.to be called
答案:B
解析:过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is called Green Peace。
4.He had his leg________________ when playing football.
A.break B.to break C.breaking D.broken
答案:D
解析:这里have sth.done意为“遭到不幸”。
5.Your letter________________ Nov.25 has reached me.
A.dated B.dating C.was dated D.which dated
答案:A
解析:date the letter意为“给信加注日期”，宾语变成逻辑主语，故用过去分词表被动，它在本句中作后置定语。
6.________________ with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep.
A.To fill B.To be filled C.Filling D.Filled
答案:D
解析:此句相当于as the children were filled with excitement。
7.Even if________________, I won’t go.
A.invited B.inviting
C.I invited D.he invites
答案:A
解析:此处为Even if I’m invited的省略。当时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语部分有be时，主语和be常可省略。
8.With the homework________________, he was allowed to watch the football match.
A.finished B.finishing
C.to finish D.to be finished
答案:A
解析:过去分词强调被动、完成。
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