●Project Designing a booklet
1. The Chinese language differs from many Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. (p38) 汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。
differ
vi. 1 to be not like sth. or someone else, either physically or in another way: The twins look alike, but they differ in temperament. His views differ considerably from those of his parents. The findings of the various studies differ significantly/markedly/radically. The incidence of the illness differs greatly between men and women.
高考链接
Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ____ size and shape. (2007上海)
A. on B. from C. by D. in
答案：D
stand
vt. & vi. 1. have, take, keep, an upright position; balance, support, the body on the feet站立,站着Her legs were so weak that she could hardly stand. I couldn’t get a seat on the bus, so I had to stand. He stood the ladder against the wall. 2. rise to the feet站起[(+up)] Stand up, please. 3. bear (常用于否定句或疑问句)忍受,容[+v-ing][+to-v] I just can't stand the cold. I can’t stand the idea of cheating to win. Japanese can't stand being alone during breaks in school. 4. to have a rank or position in a range of values有……的地位；有……的地位The book stands high in my opinion. How does Britain stand among football-playing countries. 5. to be found in a particular form in writing原来形式Copy the words just as they stand on the original list. 照着原表所列的字抄下。We needn’t change those words: let them stand(维持原文). 6. to remain true or in force: Don’t forget: my offer of help still stands.别忘记，我仍然可以随时帮助你。7. to pay the cost of (sth.) for (someone else); give as a treat: Let me stand you a dinner.让我请你一顿饭。8. stand for 代表；象征 GNP stands for gross national product. 9. standing room 立足之地 As the result of the increasing population so quickly, there will only be standing room left for us next century. 10. stand on one’s own feet/legs: to be able to do without help from others自立；自助11. to rest in a position, esp. upright or on a base停留于某位置；屹立；竖立 There stand +subject: There stands a tall tree before the house. There stood a table at the corner of the room.
相关高考试题
辽宁In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
山东Modern plastics can ____ very high and very low temperatures. A. stand B. hold C. carry D. support
答案：B A
2. Chinese words are often formed by putting together different characters.
by
prep. 1. through the agency, means, or instrumentality of被,由靠,用,通过The homework was assigned by the teacher. They crossed the river by ferry. 2. through, along, across, over经由;沿Ellen flew to Chicago by way of Minneapolis. 3. near; at or to the side of; beside在...旁边,靠近;在...手边I haven't got any money by me. 4. as soon as; not later than不迟于;在...之前We had to get there by evening. 5. (表程度)相差He missed the train by three minutes. 6. to form adverbial phrases of time, length, weight, number以...计,按You'll be paid by the hour. 7. (乘除法上)以...,用...(乘或除) Nine divided by three makes three. 8. (表连续或反复)逐个;逐批The teacher explained the text sentence by sentence. 9. due to由于She took my umbrella by mistake.
adv. 1. past经过;过去A truck went by. 2. near在旁边When I filled out the form she was standing by all the time. 3. lay/put/set sth. by, keep it, save it, for future use(放)在一边They put money by for later use.
由by 构成的介词短语可表示手段﹑方式﹑时间﹑原因﹑程度等，在句中通常状语。
by chance/by accident 偶然；意外 by day 在白天 by experiment 通过实验 by force 用武力 by half 一半 by degrees 渐渐的
by hand 用手工 by mistake 由于差错 by nature 天生的
by now 至今 by report 根据报道 by scores 许多；成批地
by sea 乘船 by surprise 使人吃惊 by telephone 通过电话
by turns 轮流 by oneself 独自一人 by wire/by telegraph 通过电报
by selling newspaper 通过卖报 by practicing a lot 通过实践 by hunting 依靠打猎
by weight 按重量 by words 用语言 by one’s appearances/looks 通过外表
learn by heart 背诵；记住 by one’s expression 通过表情
by body movements 通过身体的活动 by writing/telephoning 通过写信/打电话
相关高考试题
全国卷ＩNo one helped me . I did it all _________myself . A. for B. by C. from D. to
答案：B
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