英语高二下人教版新课标选修8 Unit 3第7课时教案（文化背景知识）
I. 语法: 过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。表示被动和完成意义,其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：
Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)
预定的座位在哪里？
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到很好的照料。
We needed much more qualified workers.
我们需要更多合格的工人。
My friend is a returned student.
我的朋友是个归国留学生。
2. 过去分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：
The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。
He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.
本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
3. 过去分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如：
The newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
This is a state-owned factory.
这是一家国营工厂。
This is our school-run factory.
这是我们的校办工厂。
4. 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如：
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有许多落叶。
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。
常用的这一类词有：fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等。
5. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
Is there anything unsolved?
还有没解决的问题吗？
There is noting changed here since I left this town.
自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
6. 过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系：
(1) 及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。
lost time—time which is lost
a well-known writer—a writer who is well- known
a beaten team—a team which is beaten
(2) 部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。
a returned soldier—a soldier who has returned
retired workers—workers who have retired
a learned man—a man who is of much learning
a sunken ship—a ship which has sunk
[练习]
1. First he made a list of the names of those ______. Then he began to write the invitation cards.
A. invited B. being invited
C. to be invited D. having been invited
2. The first textbooks _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
3. This method, ______ in areas near Shanghai, ______ in a marked rise in total production.
A. trying; resulting B. tried; resulted
C. trying; resulted D. tried; resulting
4. The Olympic Games, _____ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played
C. first playing D. to be first playing
5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door , _____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
6. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging
C. hang D. being hung
7. Next he is going to write a science story about outer space _____ by Science and Technology Press.
A. published B. being published
C. to be published D. publishing
8. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
9. The Yellow River, ______ to be “the mother river”, runs across China like a huge dragon.
A. saying B. to say
C. said D. being said
10. The _____ boy was last seen _____ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; played D. missed; to play
Key: 1-5 CDBAD 6-10 BCDCA
II. 文化背景知识
Invention
Year of Invention
Inventor
Air Conditioning
1902
Willis Carrier
Apple Lisa Computer
1983
Apple
Atomic Bomb
1945
J. Robert Oppenheimer leading
the Manhattan Project team.
Ball-Point Pen
1938
Ladislo Biro
Mobile/Cellular Phones
1947/1979
Multi
Modern Computers
1936-present
Multi
Computer Game
1962
MIT
Steve Russell
Computer Mouse
1964
Douglas Engelbart
Electric Chair
1888
Thomas Edison
Drive-In Movie Theater
1933
Richard M. Hollingshead
Fiber Optics
1854-1970
Maurer, Keck, Schultz
Multi - Tyndall, Bell, Wheeler
“Floppy” Disk
1971
IBM
Alan Shugart
Fountain Pen
1884
Lewis Edson Waterman
Multi
Internet
1969
Microsoft
MS-DOS
1981
Microsoft
Neon
1902
Georges Claude
Network Computing
1973
Robert Metcalf Xerox
Robots
1921-1956
Multi
Word Processors
1960s to 79
Multi
Yo-Yo
1929
Multi
Zippe
1851-1917
Gideon Sundback
Whitcomb Judson
III. The Invention Convention Steps for Students
Can you invent something? Can you think of an idea or invention that will help people?
Read the five steps below. They will help you to become an inventor. Then bring your idea or invention to the Invention Convention.
Step 1 Learning about Inventors
Learn about inventors. Read about them in books. Talk to people about them.
Step 2 Finding an Idea
Think about something people need in order to make life better. Talk to people about something they would like to be changed. Then tell your teacher about it on a special sheet of paper called “My New Idea.”
Step 3 Research and Planning
Use your plan to make an invention. Or write about how your invention would help to solve a problem. Be sure to follow science safety rules when you make an invention.
Step 4 Developing and Testing
Test your invention or your plan. Make sure it works and is safe to use. Tell about your invention. You may want to draw a picture of it. Use the sheet called My Invention.
Step 5 Attending the Invention Convention
Get your invention or plan ready for the Invention Convention. Try to make it look as good as you can. Learn all you can about how it works and what it is good for. Bring it to the Invention Convention. Be ready to answer questions.
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