2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练02：作者意图题指导（答案）
小试牛刀-------阅读理解
There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the word and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic(北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and way of life because toys imitate their surrounding. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.
68. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that________.
A. their social roles are rigidly determined
B. they like challenging activities
C. most boys would like to follow their fathers’ professions
D. boys like to play with their fathers while girl with their mothers
69. One aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that________.
A. the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world
B. technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys
C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys
D. the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities
70. Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys?
A. Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.
B. The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.
C. The craftsmanship in toy - making has remained essentially unchanged.
D. Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.
71. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys________.
A. reflect the pace of social progress
B. are not characterized by technological progress
C. follow a direct line of ascent
D. also appeal greatly to adults
72. The author uses the example of a rattle to show that________.
A. it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy - making
B. even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology
C. even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time
D. in toy - making there is a continuity in the use of materials
68-72 AADBC
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例1 （2012·全国II）
Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.
If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.
44. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical advice.
C. To tell an interesting story. D. To present a research result.
[点拨] B 作者意图题。有第一段最后一句话There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.及二、三段可知选B。
例2 （2012·四川）
On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.[
Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are.
There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.
Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple(枫叶) makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.
The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.
The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars' (杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smell fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and (lies over the lake.
42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that_____.
A. the kids like playing in trees
B. the kids are very familiar with trees
C. the kids have learned much knowledge
D. the kids find trees useful learning tools
[点拨] C 作者目的意图。根据第四段的第二句：As they tell all who show even a passing interest,可以推断出，作者提到这么多树木的名字，说明了孩子们学到了很多。故答案C符合文意。
The passage is written to__________
A. talk about parents' influence on their children' s behavior
B. encourage parents to set a good example to their children
C. advise parents to make reading a part of their children' s daily life
D. make parents believe in the importance of early reading
Exercise 2
A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your wishes. All computer viruses are manmade. Here are some virus prevention tips.
Question :
Mr Pickwick and paintings beauty of 18th century are used as examples to show that______.
A. fatness was considered something good at one time
B. a fat man is a cheerful character
C. beauty should be overweight
D. fatness leads to an increased risk of diseases
Exercise 4
Wilson's doctors suggested he take the drug Sutent, but the NHS（英国国名健身保险制度） refused to fund the ￡3,500-a-month bill. Only last month, Wilson wrote in the Daily Mirror, "I love the NHS. I love the nurses, assistants and doctors who looked after me with such care and devotion. I've been paying NHS contributions since my first job at 17. They'll give me a facelift but will not pay for the drug which will treat my cancer”.
Question :
By telling his own experience about the NHS , Wilson showed that
A. he loved the NHS
B. the NHS should pay for the drag, Sutent, which would treat him
C. people should pay larger contributions to the NHS',
D. he had made no contributions to the NHS
II. 篇章练习
Exercise 1
Sometimes known as "The Big Apple" or "The City That Never Sleeps", New York is both the most populous city in the USA and a leading center of business, commerce, finance and media. The city is often referred to as "New York City", in order to distinguish it from the state it is in. The city is part of a large metropolitan (大都市的) area, and the combined city population is beyond 18.7 million.
New York City is made up of five boroughs (行政区) and another nickname of the city is "The Five Boroughs". The five boroughs are: The Bronx. Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island.
There are many famous buildings and sights in New York. especially in Manhattan. These include the Empire State Building, the Flatiron Building and the United Nations Building. When you visit New York, make sure you see Central Park. Times Square, Chinatown. Little Italy and of course the Statue of Liberty. Additionally, there are many wonderful museums in New York. some truly excellent shops, some of the world's best theaters in the Broadway area. and the neighborhoods of Greenwich Village and SoHo which are well-known for the artists who reside there.
Getting around New York City is simple --- the city' s subway network is one of the most comprehensive in the world, connecting all parts of Manhattan in rapid time. However, the best way to see New York is undoubtedly on foot. Central Park is an ideal place to start a walking tour of New York City --- 843 acres of shining ponds and lush greenery attract locals and tourists. And apart from offering breathtaking scenery, it is a centre for recreation. Visitors can listen to music groups, watch performers, walk along the trails and even take a romantic ride in a horse carriage.
Question:
What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To explain why New York is called "The Big Apple".
B. To tell people how to visit New York.
C. To tell people the history and scenery of New York.
D. To introduce the city -- New York briefly.
voice, I had never felt so safe and comfortable. Gradually, I fell asleep. When I woke up 15 minutes later, he was still whispering to me. He explained that if he had stopping talking I would have woken up. At that moment, I found love in his eyes.
Another time, I had a bad quarrel with my best friend. Although I knew it was my fault, I refused to admit it. I was very angry when he insisted I apologize to her. He said that it was difficult to admit a mistake, but this was what everyone should do. The next morning, I apologized to my friend for her forgiveness.
My unromantic boyfriend cares about my health like my father, understands me like my mother and helps me like my elder brother.
Question:
The writer tells the reader two stories to show that
A Andy is a romantic guy.
B Andy has his own way to express love.
C Andy is an insensitive guy.
D. Andy is a foolish guy.
[帮你归纳
(一) 这种题型常见的提问形式有： The writer writes this passage in order to _____.
The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.
What is the purpose of writing this article?
In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.
The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.
The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.
…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.
（二)阅读推断题思路及技巧：
作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。
[答案速递]
I. 1. C。作者意图题。根据文章末句可知文章的目的是告诉家长要培养孩子成为好的读者，应该把读书的行为贯穿在日常生活中，使之成为孩子们每天例行要做的事情。
2. D。本题是考查作者意图题目，通过分析这篇文章是总分结构，通过Here are some virus prevention tips可以得知答案为D。
3. A。由第二段 “The cheerful Mr Pickwick”“┅ paintings beauty is equated with rounded bodies ” 可知， Mr Pickwick 和paintings beauty 都是当时人们崇尚的东西。
4. B。根据本段中I’ve?been?paying?NHS?contributions?since?my?first?job?at?17.?They’ll?give?me?a?facelift?but?will?not?pay?for?the?drug?which?will?treat?from?my?cancer.可知Wilson希望NHS为药物付款。
II. 1. D。作者意图题目。通过文章的层次结构，我们知道第一段介绍了纽约的概况，下面分It's just a routine medical examination; nothing to get worried about.这只是例行的体格检查,没有什么可担心的。
plump adj. (指动物、人)圆胖的；丰满的?
She is plump without being fat.她长得丰满但并不肥胖。
equate v. 使相等, [数]视为平等
My grandfather often equates inexperience with youth.我爷爷经常把年轻和缺乏经验相等同起来
comprehensive adj. 广泛的,综合的;
The government gave a comprehensive explanation of its plans for industry.政府对其工业发展计划做了全面的解释。
lush adj. 青葱的，繁荣的
Trains pass through the lush countryside. 火车通过苍翠繁茂的乡下。
anniversary n. 周年纪念
I gave him a handsome present at the anniversary of his birthday.在他生日那天我送给他一份很好的礼物。
sullen adj. 沉沉不乐的
A sullen look shaded his face.他因不快而沉下脸来。
[时文阅读]
The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming（逼近） hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices increases combined with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine（破坏） political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.
So, what should be done？Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert（防止, 避免） the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up（按比例增加,扩大） the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone（遭遇饥荒） country in southern Africa, which three years ago
A. How to end the global food shortage
B. How to end the global disaster
C. How to help the farmers in the poor countries
D. How to subsidize the farmers to increase food products
2. What does the author think of the global food shortage?
A. people in the world can do nothing.
B. The global food crisis will continue.
C. The food crisis provides not only a warning but also an opportunity.
D. We don’ know.
3. What measures should be taken to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster?
A. to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi
B. the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels
C. to prevent the world's crops from being destroyed by weather as soon and as effectively as possible.
D. All above .
答案与简析：
1.A.析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲如何结束全球食物短缺，A能概括文章中的主要内容。B、C、D都是文章中的一部分。 2.C.析：作者态度题目，文中最后一段可知。 3.D.析：事实细节题，从文章中第二、三及四自然段的句首可知。
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