2010高考二轮复习英语学案
专题八 非谓语动词和独立主格结构
【典例精析】? ?1. （08北京）____ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed. ?A. Seeing?? B. To see?? C. See?? D. Seen 【解题】A非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用在句首,中间与句子用逗号分开,表示伴随情况,用作伴随状语,因此用现在分词。 2.(08全国卷I)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____.???
A. to be breathed?? B. to breathe? C. breathing? ? D. being breathed ?【解题】B在主系表结构中,当表语形容词为good, light, heavy, difficult等时,其后常用不定式作状语,表示时间,原因,结果等,且常用主动形式表示被动意义,因此选B。此处为特殊情况。 3.(08北京)----Did the book give the information you needed? ???----Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book. ?A. to find?? B. find?? C.to be finding? D. finding 【解题】 A 非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开,作状语。根据句意:为了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本书的内容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的状语,且此处不表示动作正在进行,因此用一般式,选A。 4.（09湖南）Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .
A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused
【解析】D 考查动词不定时的用法。句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选D。
5.（09江西）_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则，连词if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……
6.（09江西）The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
【解析】B 考查非谓语动词的用法。 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰new laws ,相当于which forces ……...
7.（09海南）The children all turned_____the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at
【解析】B。 句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。
turn to 表示“转向，求助”的意思。
8.(09海南) Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
【解析】C。 考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？ take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动
9.（09山东）We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding
【解析】A 考查非谓语动词的用法，由next month可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，故选A。
10（09陕西）I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的动作已经完成，也可用动词不定式，表示的动作还未发生，根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成，且与逻辑主语是被动关系，用v-ing的被动式，选D。
11.（09福建） not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded
【解析】B 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B。
12.（09福建）In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
【解析】A 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A。
13.（09湖南）When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.
A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open
【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。
14.（09湖南）9．At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering
C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
【解析】A 考查分词的用法。句意为：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker，and 为并列连词，连接相同的成份。
【专题突破】依据非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。可以采用非谓语动词和独立主格结构的“五步骤”做题法；即非谓语动词的“五步骤”做题法：1.牢记核心意义；2.分析句子成分；3.寻找逻辑主语；4.了解时间关系；5.分析特殊情况。独立主格结构的“五步骤”：1. 认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念；2. 认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能；3. 从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别；4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能；5. 熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。当然并非每道题都要全面考虑以上"五步骤"?有时只需通过一两个步骤即可得到答案。我相信,只要同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析,就可以练就一双火眼金睛,那么,再难的考查非谓语动词和独立主格结构的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。
1. I don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
2. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.
A. Tiring; to admire???? B. Being tired; admiring
C. Tired; to admire????? D. Tired; admiring
3. Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
4. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be put C. to put D. putting
5. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
A. Having stolen??B. Having been stolen?C. Stolen????? D. Stealing
6. To answer correctly is more important than _____.
A. that you finish quickly???? B. finishing quickly
C. to finish quickly????? ?D. finish quickly
7. You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.
?A. to be advertised??B. advertised C. advertise??????D. advertising
8. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.
A. to have discovered B. to have been discovered
C. to discover??????? D. having been discovered
9. —— Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
——Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
A. to change; to be??B. to change; being C. changing; being???D. changing; to be
10. Mr. Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
A. to do??????????? B. to have done C. to be doing????? D. to have been doing
11. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
A. prepare?? B. preparing??? C. prepared???? D. having prepared
12.The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 13.Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. A. permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 14.The speech ______ a lively discussion started. A.being delivered B. was delivered
C.be delivered D. having been delivered 15.______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A.Other things being equal B.Were other things equal C.To be equal to other things D.Other things to be equal 16.All things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off. A.considered B.be considered C.considering D.having considered 参考答案：
1.【解析】D happen to have done sth 为不定式的完成时, 表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响.
2.【解析】C tired and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事
3.【解析】B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能发生的动作;B表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选B,表示水不停地流出。
4.【解析】D catch sb doing sth表示发觉或当场捉住 sb在做一件事情。
5.【解析】A从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。
6.【解析】C题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
7.【解析】B advertise意为“为……登广告”。made in this factory作定语修饰product; advertised作宾语补足语。
8.【解析】A用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。
9.【解析】D consider 作“考虑”解时，后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语；作“认为” 解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或to be的复合结构。
10【解析】B由when young可知此处应该用不定式的完成式，表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。
11.【解析】C由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
12.【解析】D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D. 13.【解析】B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。 14.【解析】D 句意：演讲完后，开始了热烈的讨论。把握前后主语不一致，动作发生在之前，故选答案为D. 15.【解析】A 句意：在其它条件相同的情况下，表达好的人肯定要比语言能力差的人更快地取得成功，前后的主语不一致，故选答案A. 16.【解析】A 考虑了方方面面之后，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消了,前后主语不一致，故答案为A。
【学法导航】非谓语动词内容繁多,用法复杂,是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点,也是高考中的必考项目。独立主格结构相对来说考查较少，但经常放在with复合结构中考查；同学们要想掌握他们的用法,轻松备战高考,快速准确地解题,不妨牢记非谓语动词和独立主格结构基本、特殊用法以及解题“五步骤”，具体内容如下: 一.非谓语动词“五步骤”
牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够,动词ing形式表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完成。 2.分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。 3.寻找逻辑主语,把握，前后主语一致性和主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但它仍表示的是动作,因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。 4.了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。 5.分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。
二．独立主格结构的“五步骤”
1.认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念。
最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构，它的作用相当于状语。
2.认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能。
我们清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。
3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。
分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同，分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语，独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。
4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。
?要将复合句或并列句改成简单句时，应注意：要根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同情况改写句子，当复合句或并列句的主语一致时，适合改成分词作状语；当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时，适合改成独立主格结构作状语。
5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。
有时将并列句或复合句改成简单句时，应注意：原句中含有 be 动词时，一律改成 being 形式， being 后面为非名词时 being 可忽略。
独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外，还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构，即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构，可用作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语或时间状语。
【专题综合】1. ____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw? B. Thrown? C. Throwing D. Being throwing 2.?? ____ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk? B. Walking? C. Walked?? D. Having walked 3. I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention ____ when we talked on the phone. A. to promote? B. having been promoted?
C. having promoted? D. to be promoted 4. The message is very important, so it is supposed ____ as soon as possible.
A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent?? D. sending 5. ____ around the Water Cube, we wre then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A.Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown?D. to show 6. We had an anxious couple of weeks ____for the results of the experiment
A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited??? D. waiting 7. ____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail? B. Failed? C. To fail? D. Having failed 8. It is one of the funniest things ____ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding? B. being found? C. to find? D. found 9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting? B.To wait? C. Having waited?? D. To have waited 10.----Can those ____at the back of the classroom hear me? ? -----No problem. A. seat?? B. sit? C. seated?? D. sat 11.He was busy writing a story, only _____once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A. to stop? B. stopping??? C. to have stopped?? D. having stopped 12. Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A. seating?? B. seated?? C. to seat?? D. to be seated 13.----they are quiet, aren't they? ?----yes. They are accustomed ______at meal. A. to talk?? B. to not talk?? C. to talking?? D. to not talking 14.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______as much as we can. A. speak?? B. speaking?? C. spoken?? D. to speak 15. Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made _____in the restaurant.
A. working?? B. work?? C. to work?? D. worked 16.The soldier fell asleep ________. A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle?? D.when burning the candle 17.________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful. A.Being on??? B.When being on
C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lights 18.____ the notice, he had an idea. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching?? D.all the above
19.______ the notice, an idea came to his mind. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching?? D.all the above
参考答案：1-5 CBBAC 6-10 DDDCC 11-15BBDCA 16-19 ACDA
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