定语从句
【考情分析】
1．关系词的使用，特别是which，that，when，where等；
2．介词和关系代词连用时，介词的选用；
3．以as引导的定语从句；
4．只用that的情况；
5．只用which的情况；
6．关系代词与关系副词的选用；
7．定语从句与其他句型的区别。
【知识归纳】
考点一：关系词的选用：
1．关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why)。
2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.
他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.
他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。
3．关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。具体用法如下：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
【专家提醒】 先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。
I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city.
我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里which/that指代the day作spent的宾语)。
考点二：关系代词whose的用法：whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语
I know the girl whose father is our headmaster.我认识那个女孩，她的父亲是我们的校长。
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。
考点三：.that引导的定语从句
1．不用that的情况
(1)引导非限定性定语从句时
(2)介词后不能用。
2．只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.
(2)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
(4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
(5)先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
考点四：介词+关系代词
1．介词＋关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whom
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
2．当复合介词短语＋which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序
He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
3．介词＋which/whom＋不定式结构
The poor man has no house in which to live.那个可怜的人没有房子住。
4．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)
Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
考点五：As,which 引导的定语从句：
1．关系代词as引导的定语从句
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：
(1)such...as...像……那样的……。当先行词被such修饰或本身是such 时，as作为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰这个先行词。如：
We hope to get such a tool as he is using.
我们希望弄到像他使用的一样的工具。
They are such warm hearted men as I’ll never forget.他们是那样热心的，我永远不会忘记的人们。
That was such terrible weather as destroyed our whole trip plan.
那是一个那样可怕的天气，毁坏了我们的整个旅游计划。
【专家提醒】
such...as...与such...that...的区别
as引导定语从句，as要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。如：
He is such a good student as all the teachers like.
他是那样一个老师们都喜欢的好学生。
He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.
他是那样一个好学生，以致于老师们都喜欢他
(2)the same...as...像……一样的……。这是一个习惯句式，当先行词是the same或被the same修饰时，后面的定语从句常用as引导，这时as是关系代词，常在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。这样的定语从句常用省略形式。如：
I live in the same house as he(lives in).
我的房子与他的房子相同。
She got the same salary as a man(got)．
她的薪金与男的相同。
【专家提醒】
as引导的这种从句有时用that或where引导。that表示“同一个人或物”；as表示“相同中的另一个”。如：
I lived in the same house that he lives in.我与他住在同一房子中。
I lived in the same house where he lives.
比较：the same...that...像……一样的……。that引导定语从句，表示“同一个”。如：
She gave him the same answer as before：“No”．
她回答他跟以前一样：“不。”
This is the same dictionary that I lost last week.
这部词典同我上星期丢失的那一本一样。
2．关系代词as，which的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。
The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
＝The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.
＝It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
后两句属名词性从句范畴。
(3)as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。
As is known to all，Bell invented the telephone.
＝Bell invented the telephone，as is known to all.
As is often the case，Mike was late again and made up an excuse to fool the boss.
考点六：定语从句和其他从句的区别
1.定语从句与并列句
1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of them were black with disease.
b. I saw some trees, the leaves of which were black with disease.
2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of whom there is a pair of glasses
b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of him there is a pair of glasses
解题点拨 :
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键
2. 定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的(名词)”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：
We all have heard the news that our team won.
我们都听到了我们球队胜利的消息。 (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分)
We don’t believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. 我们不相信他昨天告诉我们的那个消息。(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语).请看例题：
1). a. The news that our volleyball team won the match made us excited.
b. The news that /which he told me yesterday is exciting.
2) a. I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.
b. The mother made a promise that /whichpleased all her children.
解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。
3.定语从句与强调句型
1) a. It is in this room that I lived last year.
b. It is the room where I lived last year.
2) a. It was at seven o’clock that he went to school this morning.
b. It was seven o’clock when he went to school this morning.
解题点拨：强调句型：It is/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分; 去掉It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。
【定语从句】定语从句顺口溜
1.定从分类有奥妙,? 限与非限看逗号;
定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；
定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系；?
?
2.关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；
which表物人用who,人物都有that顾；
which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know;
who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里；?
?
3.that用法真有趣， 两个地方它不去；
逗号后边它不去， 介词之后不考虑；?
?
4.That which代表物，区别听我来叙述；
先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹；
先行词前有两数， 就用that定无误；
先行词前最高级， 还用that必无疑；
句中若有there be, that应把which替；
先行主中做表语， 避免重复从句里；
（Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;）?
?
5.指人可用that who, 以下情况多用who;
Those people做先行，There be的结构中；
先行指人不定代，从中做主who要在；
两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才；?
?
6.定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲；
Whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。?
?
7.As/which在句末，若有否定as错；
句首只能用as,还有认知猜想词；
固定结构用as, the same /such/so/as;
So /such …that宾不离，so/such…as宾要弃；?
?
8.关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起；
关系代词做宾语，省与不省全靠你；?
?
9.关系副词when/where/why, 从中做状莫懈怠；
时间用when原因why,地点where经常在；
关系副词可替换，介词加上关系代；
关系代，关系代，that与who要除外；
挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行；
聪明反被聪明误，只因乱用关系副；
关系副，关系副，定缺主宾它不住；
它不住，它不住，关系代词来玩酷；?
?
10.只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你；
先行用way 做状语, in which/ that /略可以；
one of +复做先行，从中谓语复数明，
one前若有only/very, 从中谓语定用单 ；
定从名从可转换，all that被 what换
【考点例析】
(2013全国卷I)33. “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ______.
A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying
(2013全国卷II)4. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
(2013北京卷)27. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
(2013上海卷)38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.
A. that B. where C. who D. what
(2013天津卷)6. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
(2013江苏卷)32. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A. where B. which C. what D. when
(2013安徽卷)29. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
(2013湖南卷)21. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
(2013福建卷)27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
(2013陕西卷)16. is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C. What D. As
(2013山东卷) 31. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where
(2013山东卷) 35. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom
(2013重庆卷)24. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
(2013四川卷)9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
(2013江西卷)33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which C. where D. how
(2013浙江卷)5. The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what B. all of which
C. all of them D. all of whom
(2013浙江卷)13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where C. when D. why
(2013辽宁卷)34. He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national team.
A. in which case B. in that case
C. in what case D. in whose case
1. Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series. 【2012山东】
A. them B. that C. which D. what
1.C 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。此处先行词为two novels,后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词在前面，因此用使用both of which来引导，故正确答案为C。
2. The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 【2012福建】
A. that B. it C. as D. what
2. C 本题考查定语从句引导词。句意：正如报道的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到了改善。应为as引导的非限制性定语从句，故正确答案为C。
3. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 【2012浙江卷】
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
3.B 考查定语从句。通过分析可以看出，本句先行词为ellen,指人，空格处应做主语。
Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，故正确答案为B。
4.We live in an age _____more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 【2012浙江卷】
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
4. B 考查定语从句。when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。故正确答案为B。
5.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 【2012江苏卷】
A. which B. who C. where D. what
5. B考查定语从句中关系代词的使用。指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。
6. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales【2012重庆卷】
A. which B. that C. when D. where
6.D 考查定语从句。“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。
7. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. 【2012四川卷】
A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them
7.C 本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。
8. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all. 【2012陕西卷】
A. that B. where C. which D. what
8.C 考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。
9. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 【2012北京卷】
A. that B. which C. where D. when
9. B本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当沉下心工作后，他经常这样，他会忘了吃饭和睡觉。这里也是一个定语从句，不过这里的定语从句修饰的是前面整个句子，故使用which表示前面整个句子，所以答案为B。
10 That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 【2012全国II】
A. that B. which C. what D. when
10.B 考查定语从句。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。
11.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_______help I would never have got this far. 【2012天津卷】
who B. whose C. whom D. which
11.B 本题考查定语从句。句意：我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我从来不会发展到这个地步。本句为非限制性定语从句，且句子缺少定语，故正确答案为B。
【方法技巧】
1 了解有关定语从句的所有语法规则，弄清从句中关系代词和关系副词的区别
2.分清及物动词和不及物动词，判断句子结构是否完整，注意句子中逗号的语法作用。
3注意先行词的特殊性和关系代词的选择，依据先行词来选择/"介词+关系代词/"的结构。
4. 加强有关定语从句的理解和练习
5．注重复习疑问句中或倒装句中考查定语从句的情况。
6.掌握通过拆分词组和固定搭配或者添加插入语或状语来考查定语从句的做题方法。
【专题训练】
1. Was it in the waiting room ______ only allows mothers-to-be to enter that you lost your wallet?
A. / B. where C. that D. when
2 Obama, _______ life was once hard when he was young, were elected President of American.
A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. /
3 _______ has been announced, our government will take more measures to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible.
A That B As C It D What
4. Lee Yu chun was titled as the top thin beauty in Ansia , _______ caused a lot of disagreements in the field of entertainment.
A. that B. which C as D it
5 There were so many attractions in Disney Park. After lunch we came to a place, _______ stood a big tower.
A. which B. that C. / D. where
6． A political advisor suggested giving out red pockets to the whole nation directly to encourage economics，_____I believe is of great value.
A that B. / C. which D. why
7 Is this the website_______ you want to have ____ into your files to help you learn English?
A. who; to add B. that; add C. whom; adding D. that; added
8． We have heard of many cases _______ some citizens ，especially some famous people， have suffered because personal information had been leaked.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
9． Tony showed me his new cell phone, _______ was small but it could change colors in different weather.
A. the screen of whom B. whom the screen of C. which the screen of D. the screen of which
10．I will never forget the day _______ I came to my university and the day ______ I spent in a new city.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
11This article may shock some sensitive readers，________I offer my apologies in advance.
A. from whom B. for whom C. to whom D. towards whom
12． We hope the measures to control house prices，________are taken by the government, will succeed.
A．which B．that C．what D．as
13. Is this the reason________at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
14. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without________we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
15. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from________efforts he still suffers.
A. which B. that C. whose D. what
16. It’s said that he’s looking for a new job, one________he can get more money to support his family.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
17. We are living in an age________many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
18. The little time we have together we’ll try________wisely.
A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that
19. The old building, behind________was a famous church, was________we used to work.
A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where
20. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ________other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
21. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, ________the country became united.
A. when B. if C. since D. until
22. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those________in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew
23. You could see the runners very well from ________we stood.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
24. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，________was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
25. What have you got________will help a cold?
A. what B. that C. it D. who
【参考答案】
1-5 CABBD 6-10CDDDA 11-15CAADC 16-20BDCCC 21-25ACBBB
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