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2.witness vt.当场见到;目击 n.目击者;证人;证据5.pause vi. & n.暂停;中止7.flee vi.逃避;逃跑 vt.逃离→fled/fled (过去式/过去分词)8.drag vt.拖;拉;扯10.urge vt.催促;极力主张;驱策
11.abandon vt.放弃;遗弃;抛弃→abandoned adj.放纵的;堕落的13.reflect vi.思考 vt.映射;反射;思考→reflection n.映像;思考;反映16.scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的;害怕的→scary adj.引起恐慌的3.urge vt.催促,力劝,强烈要求 n.强烈的欲望,迫切要求
urge on/upon sb....向某人极力陈述某事urge against...极力反对……urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事urge sb. into doing催促某人做某事urge that sb.(should) do sth.主张……;力劝……It is/was urged that...有人主张……have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事
[即学即练3](1)He ___________ his pupils the importance of hard work.他向学生们力言用功的重要。(2)We ____________ her ________________ her birthday gift from her boyfriend.我们催她打开她男朋友送给她的生日礼物。(3)My friends urged that I __________________ for the job.朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。(4)I was urged that he __________________.有人极力主张他应受到处罚。
urged on//urged to open//(should) apply//(should) be punished
(5)The vacation is coming and I _________________________.假期快到了,我很想外出旅行。
have an urge to travel
4.abandon vt. 放弃,遗弃,抛弃;使任凭……摆布 n. 放任,放纵,狂放;无拘无束
abandon sth./sb. to sb. 舍弃某物/人而被别人取得abandon sth. for sth. 舍弃某物去取另一物abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于某事abandon sb. to the mercy of 听任某人由……摆布abandon smoking 戒烟abandon a project/plan 放弃一项方案/计划with abandon 放肆地;恣意地
[即学即练4](1)The child ______________________ his parents.这孩子被父母遗弃了。(2)The crew _____________ the burning ship.水手们离弃了燃烧着的船。
was abandoned by//abandoned
(3)I ____________________________ of being a doctor.我放弃了当医生的希望。(4)She _______________ herself ______ despair.她陷入绝望之中。
abandoned my hope//abandoned to
5.reflect vt. 映射;反射vi.&vt. 思考,反省,深思reflection n. 反射;反照;反映;映像
reflect sb./sth. in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflect sth. from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
[即学即练5](1)He looked at his face ____________ the mirror.他看着镜子中自己的脸。(2)The heat __________________ the white sand formed a mirage.热气经白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。(3)I need time to ____________ your offer.我需要时间来考虑你的建议。
reflected in//reflected from//reflect on
7.scare v. 恐吓,惊吓,害怕n. 惊吓,恐慌,恐惧scared adj. 害怕的;担心的
scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物be scared of doing sth. 害怕发生某事be scared to do sth. 害怕、恐惧做某事be scared that 害怕……(be) scared to death 吓得要死
[即学即练7](1)The scarecrow in the field is used to ______ the birds ______. 田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。(2)They ______ the little boy ____________ foods in the supermarket. 他们威胁这个小男孩到超市里去偷食物。
Scare away//scared into stealing
(3)The little girl ________________________ out alone.这个小女孩不敢一个人外出。(4)I'm ____________ I'm going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。
is scared of going//scared (that)
8.help out 帮(……)分担工作,帮(……)脱离困境
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人干某事help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)干某事can't help to do 不能帮助干某事can't help doing 禁不住干某事can't help but do 只得,不得不help oneself to 随便吃/用……
[即学即练8](1)Is there anything I can do to ____________?我能帮上忙吗?(2)He was obviously in some kind of trouble, but I didn‘t know how I could __________________.他显然遇到了麻烦,但我不知道应怎样帮他。
help out//help him out
(3)Can you ________________________ the maths problem?你能帮我解决这道数学题吗?
help me out with
1.abandon/desert/give up(1)abandon指不得已而遗弃、放弃人或事物。(2)desert强调故意逃避应尽的义务和职责,违背誓言,有责难之意。另外,desert还有离弃某地方之意。(3)give up为常用词,常用于口语,与abandon同义。
[应用1] (1)I persuaded him to __________ smoking.我说服他戒了烟。(2)She was ____________ by her husband.她被丈夫遗弃了。(3)Snow forced many drivers to __________ their vehicles.大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。(4)The villages had been _________.这些村庄已经荒无人烟了。
give up//deserted//abandon//deserted
3. flee/escape/run away三者都有“逃跑”的意思,但有所侧重。(1)flee强调逃跑行为本身,含有逃走、消散的意思。(2)escape强调逃跑的结果,即成功地跑掉了。(3)run away多用于口语,含有不辞而别的意思。
[应用3] (1)He ____________ from his home when he was very young.他很小时就离家出走了。(2)They ____________ from the burning building at last.他们最终从失火的房子里逃了出来。 (3)Why does she always ______ any kind of responsibility?为什么她总是逃避责任?
ran away//escaped//flee
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6.adjust vi. & vt.调整;(使)适合7.participate vi.参与;参加→participation n.参加,参与→participant n.参与者
12.donate vt.捐赠→donation n.捐赠→donator n.捐赠者14.purchase vt. & n.买;购买16.click vi. & vt.(使)发出咔嗒声 n.咔嗒声18.distribute vt.分配;分发→distribution n.分布状态;分配,分布
20.operate vi.工作;运转vt.操作→operation n.手术,运转→operator n.操作人员
2.adjust vt.调整;调节 vi. 适应adjustable adj. 可调节的adjustment n. 调节;调整adjust sth. 整理/整顿/安排某物/某事adjust sth./oneself to sth. 使适应新环境等
[即学即练2](1)She ____________ the seat ______ the height of her child.她调节坐椅以适合她孩子的身高。(2)It took several seconds for his eyes to ___________ the dark.几秒钟以后他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。
Adjusted to//adjust to
(3)You will quickly __________________ the student life.你很快就会适应学生生活的。
adjust yourself to
3.participate vi. 参与;参加participation n. 参与participant n. 参加者;参与者participate in sth. 参与(某活动)participate in sth. with sb. 同某人参与某事
[即学即练3](1)She actively ___________________ politics.她积极参与政治活动。(2)All the _____________ in the debate will have an opportunity to speak.所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言。(3)Union leaders called for the active __________________ of all members in the day of protest.工会领袖们号召在抗议那天全体会员积极参加。
participated in//participants//participation
5.donate vt. 捐赠;赠送donation n. 捐款,赠送,捐赠(物)
donate sth. to sb./sth. 向……捐赠某物donate sth. to do sth. 为了做某事而捐赠某物make a donation to charity 向慈善事业捐赠collect donations (for) (为……)募捐receive a donation 收到捐赠
[即学即练5](1)He ___________ a large sum ___________ relief organizations.他向救济组织捐了巨款。(2)_____________________ is glorious.献血光荣。(3)The work of the charity is funded by _________________________. 这家慈善机构工作所需要的资金是人们自愿捐赠的。
Donated to//Donating blood//voluntary donations
6.distribute vt.分发,分配;散发,分布distribution n.分发,分配,分布状态distributive adj.分发的,分配的,分布的distributor n.分发者distribute sth. to/among sb.向某人分发某物distribute sth. over...把……撒在(涂在)……上
[即学即练6](1)Please ____________ these pictures ______ the children.请把这些图片分给孩子们。(2)The head of the department ______________ the prizes ______________ the winners.系主任为优胜者发了奖。
Distribute to//distributedamong
(3)The army _______________ itself ______ the whole area.这支军队分布在全区。
Distributed over
7.operate v. 手术;运转;工作;操作,起作用operation n. 手术;运转;操作operator n. 操作者;接线员operate a machine 操作/操纵机器operate a shop 开/经营商店operate on sb. 给某人动手术come into operation 起作用;开始生效put...into operation 实施perform an operation on sb. 为某人实施手术
[即学即练7](1)This machine doesn‘t ________________.这台机器运转得不好。(2)He ____________________ the boy’s leg.他给这个男孩的腿部做了手术。(3)They planned to _________ a drinking club.他们计划经营一个饮酒俱乐部。
operate smoothly//operated on//operate
8.be dying to do sth. 迫切想要;渴望for sth. 渴望;迫切想要be anxious to do sth./for sth.be eager to do sth./for sth.long to do sth./for sth.be thirsty forbe keen to do sth.想要……,渴望……
[即学即练8](1)I‘m __________________ what happened.我很想知道发生了什么事。(2)My daughter __________________ a piano.我女儿渴望得到一架钢琴。
dying to know//is dying for
1.participate/attend/join/join in/take part in(1)participate正式用词,特指参加团体活动,暗示以一个积极的角色参加。(2)attend参加会议或学术活动等,侧重于到场,出席。(3)join普通用词,指加入党派、团体或游戏、活动等,侧重于“成为其中一员”。
(4)join in指参加比赛或活动等,并且指加入已在进行的动作。(5)take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动,突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。
[应用1] (1)He ____________ the Party in 1980.他于1980年入党。(2)Would you like to ____________ our chess match?你乐意加入我们的棋类比赛吗?(3)How many countries and regions _________________ the last Olympic Games?有多少国家和地区参加了上届奥运会?
joined //join in//took part in
(4)We want to encourage students to ____________________ fully _______ the running of the class.我们想鼓励学生参与班级管理工作。(5)He has an important meeting to ____________.他有个重要的会议要参加。
Participate in//attend
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5.recommend vt.推荐;建议→recommendation n.推荐,介绍,劝告11.acknowledge vt.承认;确认;答谢→acknowledgement n.承认12.contradict vt.反驳;驳斥13.occupy vt.占用;占领;占据→occupation n.占领,占据
19.govern vt. & vi.统治;支配;管理1.recommend vt. 推荐;建议recommend sth. to sb.=recommend sb. sth.向某人介绍某物,向某人推荐某物recommend sb. as/sth. for 推荐某人当/某事做……recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事recommend doing sth. 建议干某事recommend that 建议……(从句中用“should+动词原形”,should 可省略)It is/was recommended that... 有人建议……(从句中用虚拟语气)
[即学即练1](1)He strongly _________________ her ______ our firm for the post.他极力推荐她到我们公司担任这一职务。(2)Doctors _______________________________ after supper.医生建议晚饭后散步。
Recommended to//recommend taking a walk
(3)I _________________ you ____________ her at once.我建议你马上去看她。(4)It is recommended that the machine __________________ every year.建议每年把机器检修一次。
Recommend to see//(should) be checked
4.acknowledge vt. 承认;确认;答谢acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事acknowledge sth. as/to be 认为某事……acknowledge that... 承认…… acknowledge one‘s letter 向某人表示信已收到in acknowledgement of sth. 对某事表示感谢/承认It is universally acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。
[即学即练4](1)He acknowledged ______________________ __.(=He acknowledged that he had made a mistake.)他承认犯了错误。(2)It is she who wants to _____________ you ______ her daughter. 她想承认你是她的女儿。
having made a mistake//acknowledge as
(3)The shipping company ___________________________ of the goods to be shipped.航运公司表示所运货物已收到。
acknowledged the receipt
5.occupy vt. 占用;占领;占据occupancy n. 占用;使用occupation n. 侵占;占领;职业be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事(in可省略)be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事(用法同 busy)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于做某事under occupation 在占领之下,占领中
[即学即练5](1)The enemy _______________ the town.敌人占领了这个镇。(2)Writing _________________ most of my free time.写作占去了我大部分的空闲时间。(3)I ______________ myself ______ writing a novel.我忙于写小说。
Occupied//occupies//occupied in
6.keep it up 保持优秀成绩;继续干下去keep a close/careful watch on 密切注意/监视keep an eye on 留神照看keep away from (使)避开,不接近
keep back 隐瞒不讲;留在后面,阻止keep down 限制;镇压keep from 隐瞒;使(自己或别人)不做某事keep in touch with 与……保持联系keep off 使不接近,使避免keep on 继续,持续keep out 挡住,使进不去,不要进来keep up 保持(不低落);保持良好状态keep up with 跟上,不落后
[即学即练6](1)____________! Then you will succeed!坚持!你一定能成功!(2)They sang songs to ________________________.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。(3)He ____________ a correspondence ______ Tom.他和汤姆保持通信联系。
Keep up//keep their spirits up//kept up with
7.fit in 相适合;相融合fit in with sb./sth. 与……合得来;适应fit sb./sth. for sth. 使……适合/胜任be fit to do sth./for sth. 适合做某事
[即学即练7](1)I don‘t think he’ll __________________ the other people.我认为他不会与别人合得来。(2)His experience ______ him perfectly ______ the job/______ ______ the job.他的经验使他完全胜任这项工作/适合干这个工作。
fit in with// fitted for to do
(3)Your car _________________ be on the road.你的车子适合上路。
Is fit to
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