X7U3 2.witness vt.当场见到;目击 n.目击者;证人;证据 5.pause vi. & n.暂停;中止 7.flee vi.逃避;逃跑 vt.逃离→fled/fled (过去式/过去分词) 8.drag vt.拖;拉;扯 10.urge vt.催促;极力主张;驱策 11.abandon vt.放弃;遗弃;抛弃→abandoned adj.放纵的;堕落的 13.reflect vi.思考 vt.映射;反射;思考→reflection n.映像;思考;反映 16.scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的;害怕的→scary adj.引起恐慌的 3.urge vt.催促,力劝,强烈要求 n.强烈的欲望,迫切要求 urge on/upon sb....向某人极力陈述某事 urge against...极力反对…… urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge sb. into doing催促某人做某事 urge that sb.(should) do sth.主张……;力劝…… It is/was urged that...有人主张…… have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 [即学即练3](1)He ___________ his pupils the importance of hard work. 他向学生们力言用功的重要。(2)We ____________ her ________________ her birthday gift from her boyfriend. 我们催她打开她男朋友送给她的生日礼物。 (3)My friends urged that I __________________ for the job. 朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。 (4)I was urged that he __________________. 有人极力主张他应受到处罚。 urged on//urged to open//(should) apply//(should) be punished (5)The vacation is coming and I _________________________. 假期快到了,我很想外出旅行。 have an urge to travel 4.abandon vt. 放弃,遗弃,抛弃;使任凭……摆布 n. 放任,放纵,狂放;无拘无束 abandon sth./sb. to sb. 舍弃某物/人而被别人取得 abandon sth. for sth. 舍弃某物去取另一物 abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于某事 abandon sb. to the mercy of 听任某人由……摆布 abandon smoking 戒烟 abandon a project/plan 放弃一项方案/计划 with abandon 放肆地;恣意地 [即学即练4](1)The child ______________________ his parents.这孩子被父母遗弃了。 (2)The crew _____________ the burning ship. 水手们离弃了燃烧着的船。 was abandoned by//abandoned (3)I ____________________________ of being a doctor. 我放弃了当医生的希望。 (4)She _______________ herself ______ despair. 她陷入绝望之中。 abandoned my hope//abandoned to 5.reflect vt. 映射;反射vi.&vt. 思考,反省,深思 reflection n. 反射;反照;反映;映像 reflect sb./sth. in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像 reflect sth. from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等) reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事 be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中 [即学即练5](1)He looked at his face ____________ the mirror.他看着镜子中自己的脸。 (2)The heat __________________ the white sand formed a mirage.热气经白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。 (3)I need time to ____________ your offer. 我需要时间来考虑你的建议。 reflected in//reflected from//reflect on 7.scare v. 恐吓,惊吓,害怕n. 惊吓,恐慌,恐惧 scared adj. 害怕的;担心的 scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退 scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事 be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物 be scared of doing sth. 害怕发生某事 be scared to do sth. 害怕、恐惧做某事 be scared that 害怕…… (be) scared to death 吓得要死 [即学即练7](1)The scarecrow in the field is used to ______ the birds ______. 田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。 (2)They ______ the little boy ____________ foods in the supermarket. 他们威胁这个小男孩到超市里去偷食物。 Scare away//scared into stealing (3)The little girl ________________________ out alone.这个小女孩不敢一个人外出。 (4)I'm ____________ I'm going to fall. 我担心自己快掉下去了。 is scared of going//scared (that) 8.help out 帮(……)分担工作,帮(……)脱离困境 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人干某事 help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)干某事 can't help to do 不能帮助干某事 can't help doing 禁不住干某事 can't help but do 只得,不得不 help oneself to 随便吃/用…… [即学即练8](1)Is there anything I can do to ____________?我能帮上忙吗? (2)He was obviously in some kind of trouble, but I didn‘t know how I could __________________. 他显然遇到了麻烦,但我不知道应怎样帮他。 help out//help him out (3)Can you ________________________ the maths problem?你能帮我解决这道数学题吗? help me out with 1.abandon/desert/give up (1)abandon指不得已而遗弃、放弃人或事物。 (2)desert强调故意逃避应尽的义务和职责,违背誓言,有责难之意。另外,desert还有离弃某地方之意。 (3)give up为常用词,常用于口语,与abandon同义。 [应用1] (1)I persuaded him to __________ smoking.我说服他戒了烟。 (2)She was ____________ by her husband.她被丈夫遗弃了。 (3)Snow forced many drivers to __________ their vehicles. 大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。 (4)The villages had been _________. 这些村庄已经荒无人烟了。 give up//deserted//abandon//deserted 3. flee/escape/run away 三者都有“逃跑”的意思,但有所侧重。 (1)flee强调逃跑行为本身,含有逃走、消散的意思。 (2)escape强调逃跑的结果,即成功地跑掉了。 (3)run away多用于口语,含有不辞而别的意思。 [应用3] (1)He ____________ from his home when he was very young. 他很小时就离家出走了。 (2)They ____________ from the burning building at last. 他们最终从失火的房子里逃了出来。 (3)Why does she always ______ any kind of responsibility?为什么她总是逃避责任? ran away//escaped//flee X7U4 6.adjust vi. & vt.调整;(使)适合 7.participate vi.参与;参加→participation n.参加,参与→participant n.参与者 12.donate vt.捐赠→donation n.捐赠→donator n.捐赠者 14.purchase vt. & n.买;购买 16.click vi. & vt.(使)发出咔嗒声 n.咔嗒声 18.distribute vt.分配;分发→distribution n.分布状态;分配,分布 20.operate vi.工作;运转vt.操作→operation n.手术,运转→operator n.操作人员 2.adjust vt.调整;调节 vi. 适应 adjustable adj. 可调节的 adjustment n. 调节;调整 adjust sth. 整理/整顿/安排某物/某事 adjust sth./oneself to sth. 使适应新环境等 [即学即练2](1)She ____________ the seat ______ the height of her child.她调节坐椅以适合她孩子的身高。 (2)It took several seconds for his eyes to ___________ the dark.几秒钟以后他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。 Adjusted to//adjust to (3)You will quickly __________________ the student life.你很快就会适应学生生活的。 adjust yourself to 3.participate vi. 参与;参加 participation n. 参与 participant n. 参加者;参与者 participate in sth. 参与(某活动) participate in sth. with sb. 同某人参与某事 [即学即练3](1)She actively ___________________ politics. 她积极参与政治活动。 (2)All the _____________ in the debate will have an opportunity to speak.所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言。 (3)Union leaders called for the active __________________ of all members in the day of protest. 工会领袖们号召在抗议那天全体会员积极参加。 participated in//participants//participation 5.donate vt. 捐赠;赠送 donation n. 捐款,赠送,捐赠(物) donate sth. to sb./sth. 向……捐赠某物 donate sth. to do sth. 为了做某事而捐赠某物 make a donation to charity 向慈善事业捐赠 collect donations (for) (为……)募捐 receive a donation 收到捐赠 [即学即练5](1)He ___________ a large sum ___________ relief organizations.他向救济组织捐了巨款。 (2)_____________________ is glorious. 献血光荣。 (3)The work of the charity is funded by _________________________. 这家慈善机构工作所需要的资金是人们自愿捐赠的。 Donated to//Donating blood//voluntary donations 6.distribute vt.分发,分配;散发,分布 distribution n.分发,分配,分布状态 distributive adj.分发的,分配的,分布的 distributor n.分发者 distribute sth. to/among sb.向某人分发某物 distribute sth. over...把……撒在(涂在)……上 [即学即练6](1)Please ____________ these pictures ______ the children.请把这些图片分给孩子们。 (2)The head of the department ______________ the prizes ______________ the winners.系主任为优胜者发了奖。 Distribute to//distributedamong (3)The army _______________ itself ______ the whole area. 这支军队分布在全区。 Distributed over 7.operate v. 手术;运转;工作;操作,起作用 operation n. 手术;运转;操作 operator n. 操作者;接线员 operate a machine 操作/操纵机器 operate a shop 开/经营商店 operate on sb. 给某人动手术 come into operation 起作用;开始生效 put...into operation 实施 perform an operation on sb. 为某人实施手术 [即学即练7](1)This machine doesn‘t ________________. 这台机器运转得不好。 (2)He ____________________ the boy’s leg. 他给这个男孩的腿部做了手术。 (3)They planned to _________ a drinking club. 他们计划经营一个饮酒俱乐部。 operate smoothly//operated on//operate 8.be dying to do sth. 迫切想要;渴望 for sth. 渴望;迫切想要 be anxious to do sth./for sth. be eager to do sth./for sth. long to do sth./for sth. be thirsty for be keen to do sth.想要……,渴望…… [即学即练8](1)I‘m __________________ what happened.我很想知道发生了什么事。 (2)My daughter __________________ a piano. 我女儿渴望得到一架钢琴。 dying to know//is dying for 1.participate/attend/join/join in/take part in (1)participate正式用词,特指参加团体活动,暗示以一个积极的角色参加。 (2)attend参加会议或学术活动等,侧重于到场,出席。 (3)join普通用词,指加入党派、团体或游戏、活动等,侧重于“成为其中一员”。 (4)join in指参加比赛或活动等,并且指加入已在进行的动作。 (5)take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动,突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。 [应用1] (1)He ____________ the Party in 1980.他于1980年入党。 (2)Would you like to ____________ our chess match? 你乐意加入我们的棋类比赛吗? (3)How many countries and regions _________________ the last Olympic Games? 有多少国家和地区参加了上届奥运会? joined  //join in//took part in (4)We want to encourage students to ____________________ fully _______ the running of the class.我们想鼓励学生参与班级管理工作。 (5)He has an important meeting to ____________.他有个重要的会议要参加。 Participate in//attend X7U5 5.recommend vt.推荐;建议→recommendation n.推荐,介绍,劝告 11.acknowledge vt.承认;确认;答谢→acknowledgement n.承认 12.contradict vt.反驳;驳斥 13.occupy vt.占用;占领;占据→occupation n.占领,占据 19.govern vt. & vi.统治;支配;管理 1.recommend vt. 推荐;建议 recommend sth. to sb.=recommend sb. sth. 向某人介绍某物,向某人推荐某物 recommend sb. as/sth. for 推荐某人当/某事做…… recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 recommend doing sth. 建议干某事 recommend that 建议……(从句中用“should+动词 原形”,should 可省略) It is/was recommended that... 有人建议……(从句中 用虚拟语气) [即学即练1](1)He strongly _________________ her ______ our firm for the post. 他极力推荐她到我们公司担任这一职务。 (2)Doctors _______________________________ after supper. 医生建议晚饭后散步。 Recommended to//recommend taking a walk (3)I _________________ you ____________ her at once. 我建议你马上去看她。 (4)It is recommended that the machine __________________ every year.建议每年把机器检修一次。 Recommend to see//(should) be checked 4.acknowledge vt. 承认;确认;答谢 acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢 acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事 acknowledge sth. as/to be 认为某事…… acknowledge that... 承认…… acknowledge one‘s letter 向某人表示信已收到 in acknowledgement of sth. 对某事表示感谢/承认 It is universally acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。 [即学即练4](1)He acknowledged ______________________ __.(=He acknowledged that he had made a mistake.) 他承认犯了错误。 (2)It is she who wants to _____________ you ______ her daughter. 她想承认你是她的女儿。 having made a mistake//acknowledge as (3)The shipping company ___________________________ of the goods to be shipped. 航运公司表示所运货物已收到。 acknowledged the receipt 5.occupy vt. 占用;占领;占据 occupancy n. 占用;使用 occupation n. 侵占;占领;职业 be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事(in可省略) be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事(用法同 busy) occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于做某事 under occupation 在占领之下,占领中 [即学即练5](1)The enemy _______________ the town. 敌人占领了这个镇。 (2)Writing _________________ most of my free time. 写作占去了我大部分的空闲时间。 (3)I ______________ myself ______ writing a novel. 我忙于写小说。 Occupied//occupies//occupied in 6.keep it up 保持优秀成绩;继续干下去 keep a close/careful watch on 密切注意/监视 keep an eye on 留神照看 keep away from (使)避开,不接近 keep back 隐瞒不讲;留在后面,阻止 keep down 限制;镇压 keep from 隐瞒;使(自己或别人)不做某事 keep in touch with 与……保持联系 keep off 使不接近,使避免 keep on 继续,持续 keep out 挡住,使进不去,不要进来 keep up 保持(不低落);保持良好状态 keep up with 跟上,不落后 [即学即练6](1)____________! Then you will succeed! 坚持!你一定能成功! (2)They sang songs to ________________________. 他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。 (3)He ____________ a correspondence ______ Tom. 他和汤姆保持通信联系。 Keep up//keep their spirits up//kept up with 7.fit in 相适合;相融合 fit in with sb./sth. 与……合得来;适应 fit sb./sth. for sth. 使……适合/胜任 be fit to do sth./for sth. 适合做某事 [即学即练7](1)I don‘t think he’ll __________________ the other people.我认为他不会与别人合得来。 (2)His experience ______ him perfectly ______ the job/______ ______ the job. 他的经验使他完全胜任这项工作/适合干这个工作。 fit in with// fitted for to do (3)Your car _________________ be on the road. 你的车子适合上路。 Is fit to

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