（外研版必修1）高三英语一轮单元复习教案：Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab
知识详解
① expand vi. 膨胀 vt. 扩大，扩充
(回归课本P41)When you heat a metal，it expands.
当你加热金属时，它就会膨胀。
【归纳总结】
expand sth.使……膨胀，扩大
expand on/upon sth.详述，充分叙述
expansion n.扩张，膨胀
① Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
②As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident.
随着儿童的成长，他们的兴趣会变广，人也会变得更自信。
③Could you expand on that point，please?
请你把那一点详细说明一下，好吗？
【例句探源】
expand，extend，spread, stretch
(1)expand展开，扩大，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。
(2)extend伸出，延伸，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。
(3)spread伸开，传播，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息等)。
(4)stretch伸展，拉长，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。stretch out 躺下，伸展。
【易混辨析】
①Water expands when it freezes.
②The hot weather extended to October.
③The fire soon spread to the nearby buildings.
④The cat_stretched out in front of the fire.
1．Why not try to________your story into a novel?
A．revise B．summarise
C．organise D．expand
解析：选D。句意是：你为什么不把你的故事扩展成一部小说呢？此句要用expand...into...表示“把……扩展成……”。revise 的意思是“温习”；summarise总结；organise组织起来；expand扩展。
【即境活用】
2.Having finished his homework，Tony stood up behind the desk，________himself.
A．expanding B．extending
C．stretching D．spreading
解析：选C。句意是：完成作业后，托尼从写字桌后站了起来，伸了伸懒腰。此题要用stretch指身体的伸展。
② conclusion n． 结论
Conclusion
(回归课本P45)Iron rusts in ordinary water.
结论：铁在普通水中生锈。
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论
bring...to a conclusion使……结束
in conclusion最后，作为结论地；总之
conclude v.得出结论；断定，推断出；结束
to conclude最后
conclude from sth.that从……中断定
【归纳总结】
①They came to the conclusion that it’s time Chinese football should be regulated.
他们得出的结论是：中国足球到了该整顿的时候了。
② In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后，我想说我今天过得很开心。
③It was concluded that the level of necessary change would be low.
据认定必要的变化水平将会很低。
④I concluded from what they said that they wanted to accept the offer.
我从他们的话中推断出他们想接受这份帮助。
【例句探源】
3．After a long discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the plan，they finally came to a(n)________that it was practical.
A．decision B．opinion
C．conclusion D．impression
解析：选C。句意：关于这项计划的优缺点，他们讨论了很长时间，最后终于得出了结论——这项计划实用。decision决定；opinion观点；conclusion结论；impression印象。come to a conclusion“得出结论”，为固定短语。
【即境活用】
③ ordinary adj. 普通的，平常的
(回归课本P45)The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
钉子在装有普通水的试管中生锈了。
ordinarylooking相貌平平的，相貌普通的
out of the ordinary不寻常的；例外的
in the ordinary way一般；通常
【归纳总结】
① Jim was not in the ordinary way a romantic，but he decided to bring Mary some roses.
吉姆通常并不是一个浪漫的人，但他决定带一些玫瑰花给玛丽。
②The new taxes came as a shock to ordinary Americans.
新税费对普通美国人来说如同一次重击。
③Nothing out of the ordinary had happened.
没发生什么意外之事。
④What is ordinary in one country may be very strange in another.
在一个国家很普通的事，在另一个国家可能很奇怪。
【例句探源】
【易混辨析】
ordinary，common，usual，normal
(1)ordinary普通的，平常的，平凡的。强调等级和类属方面普通。有“平庸无奇”之意。
(2)common普通的，常见的。强调经常发生，司空见惯，可修饰人或物。也可指共同的、共存的。common sense常识。
(3)usual 通常的，惯常的，惯例的，强调依照惯例来判断，有“遵循常规”之意。
(4) normal正常的，合乎标准的。强调在正常情况下应有的。
①Whoever has common sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health.
②Last Sunday，he went to work as usual.
③Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ordinary_illness.
④It is known that a person’s normal_temperature is about 36.5℃.
4．I really miss the security of a(n)________pay cheque.
A．ordinary B．usual
C．common D．regular
解析：选D。ordinary“平常的，平凡的”；usual“通常的，惯例的”；common “常见的，共有的”；regular“定期的，固定的”。根据句意“我实在怀念定期领取工资支票的安全感”，可知选D项。
【即境活用】
④ react vi. (化学)反应；起作用；起反应
(回归课本P44)．..it is important to know how they react with different substances...
……要了解它们和不同的物质如何发生反应，这一点很重要……
react to对……作出反应
react with与……起(化学)反应
react against反对；反抗
react on/upon对……有影响
reaction n.反应
【归纳总结】
① How did he react to your suggestion?
他对你的建议反应如何？
②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。
③Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。
④How do acids react on metals?
酸对金属起什么反应？
⑤What was her reaction to the news?
她对这消息的反应如何？
【例句探源】
5．—How did you react________your father’s suggestion?
—I reacted strongly________it.
A．on；to B．on；with
C．against；with D．to；against
解析：选D。react with“与……发生反应”；react to“对……的反应”；react against“反对”。句意：“你对你父亲的建议有何反应？”“我坚决反对。”
【即境活用】
⑤ add...to... 把……加到……
(回归课本P45)Add some oil to the water.This will keep air out of the water.
在水中加些油。这样做可防止空气进入水中。
【归纳总结】
add v.加；继续说；补充说
add to增加；增添
add up把……加起来
add up to合计达；结果是
addition n.加；(数)加法；增加
in addition另外
in addition to除……之外
【例句探源】
①Please add some sugar to the bread.
请在面包上加些糖。
②Three added to four makes seven.三加四等于七。
③Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
烟花使节日之夜更具吸引力。
④Add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.
把这些数字加起来，弄清楚总计是多少。
6．The total cost of their trip to America________
$ 8,000.
A．added up to B．added up
C．added to D．was added up to
解析：选A。由题意可知，此处意指“总计”，故用add up to，此短语一般不用被动语态。
7.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather_________the helplessness of the crew
at sea.
A．added to B．resulted from
C．turned out D．made up
解析：选A。add to 表示“增添”的意思。
【即境活用】
⑥ keep...out of 使……进不去；不让……进入；把……挡在外面；避开
(回归课本P45)This will keep air out of the water.
这将阻止空气进入水中。
【归纳总结】
keep after追赶keep away远离keep back阻止；隐瞒keep down吞下；镇压；控制keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep off防止，避开keep on继续keep to坚持；履行keep up不低落；维持，坚持；继续keep up with跟上
①You’d better keep yourself out of other people’s quarrels.
你最好不要卷入别人的纠纷中去。
②He begged the police to keep his name out of the papers.
他恳求警察不要在报纸上披露他的名字。
③Please keep the dog out of the study.
别让这只狗进书房。
【例句探源】
8.I warned Bill to________trouble while I’m away.
A．keep out of B．keep out
C．keep away D．keep back
解析：选A。句意“我警告比尔我不在的时候不要惹麻烦。”
9．________the fire，or your clothes may catch fire.
A．Keep out B．Keep away
C．Keep to D．Keep off
解析：选D。keep off 不靠近。句意“不要靠近火，否则衣服容易着火。”
【即境活用】
⑦ go ahead 开始；继续；进展；领先
(回归课本P48) Go ahead！means Begin!
“开始吧！”意思是“开始！”
【归纳总结】
go ahead with继续做……
go straight ahead一直往前走
go ahead of走在……前头
①“May I ask you a question？”“Yes，go ahead.”
“我可以问你一个问题吗？”“可以，问吧！”
②Don’t be disturbed；just go ahead with your work.
不要受干扰，你们只管干你们的活。
③Things are going ahead smoothly.
事情进展顺利。
④You go ahead and tell them that we will be there shortly.
你先走一步，告诉他们我们随后就到。
【例句探源】
10．(高考四川卷)—May I open the window to let in some fresh air?
—________
A．Come on！ B．Take care!
C．Go ahead! D．Hold on!
解析：选C。问句是在请求许可，句意是：我可以打开窗户，让新鲜空气进来吗？四个选项中只有Go ahead！表示说话者同意，意为“打开吧！”Come on！用来催促对方，意为“快点吧！”Take care！小心！Hold on！坚持住！。
【即境活用】
11. (高考安徽卷)—Could you be so kind as to close the window?
—________.
A．With pleasure B．Go ahead
C．Yes，please D．That’s OK
解析：选A。问句的意思是“你可不可以好心把窗户关上？”这个情景是请对方做某事，所以回答不能用Go ahead，而是With pleasure(愿意)。
12.(高考重庆卷)—Honey，let’s go out for dinner.
—________I don’t have to cook.
A．Forget it！ B．That’s great!
C．Why? D．Go ahead.
解析：选B。句意：——亲爱的，我们去外面吃晚饭吧。——太好了！我不必做饭了！由语境I don’t have to cook可知，听话者非常赞同说话者提出的建议，故答案为B项。forget it“没关系”“不必太在意”；why？“干嘛？”go ahead“去做吧”，都不符合语境。
⑧ be supposed to do 被期望或被要求(按规则、惯例等)做(某事)
(回归课本P49)．..as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
……因为两个(大学)都有不错的物理系。
suppose v.假设，假定
It is supposed that...认为……
be supposed to do/ be sth.被期望做……/应该……
I don’t suppose(that)我以为……不会……
I suppose so/not.我想可以/不可以。
be supposed to have done被认为做过某事；本应当做某事
【归纳总结】
①It was generally supposed that it would not happen again.
一般都认为此事不会再发生。
②Everybody is supposed to know the law，but few people do.
人人都应当懂得法律，但很少有人懂。
③Whoever was supposed to be fit for the job was asked to sign up.
无论是谁，只要被认为适合做这项工作都被要求报了名。
【例句探源】
④You were supposed to have come，we had been waiting for you.
你应当来，我们一直在等着你。
⑤Tom was supposed to have stolen the money.
汤姆被认为偷了钱。
13．—The plane ________arrive at 11∶30，but was almost half an hour late.
—Common practice.
A．was about to B．was likely to
C．was supposed to D．was certain to
解析：选C。be supposed to do“本应该”。
【即境活用】
14.The message is very important，so it is supposed________as soon as possible.
A．to be sent B．to send
C．being sent D．sending
解析：选A。句意：这条信息很重要，所以要尽快发出去。be supposed后接不定式结构，意为“理应，应该”，排除C项和D项。it 指message，message和send之间为被动关系，排除B项，故A为正确答案。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 It is hard to think of a world without metals.(P44)
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
【句法分析】 本句中，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to think of...，构成It is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.的结构。
It is ＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.该句式中，作表语的形容词只能说明不定式的行为性质和特点，不能说明不定式的执行者。常见的这类形容词有：easy，important，difficult，hard，possible，impossible，necessary等。
It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.该句式中，作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质。常见的这类形容词有：kind，nice，good，honest，careful，careless，clever，wise，stupid，foolish，rude，polite，impolite等。
It is＋adj./n.＋thatclause
It is＋no good/use doing sth.
①It is easier to say than to do.说比做容易。
②It is no good playing computer games.玩电脑游戏没有好处。
③It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam.
很遗憾他没有通过考试。
④It is said that the tickets have been sold out.
据说票已售完。
15．(高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)The doctor thought______would be good for you to have a holiday.
A．this B．that
C．one D．it
解析：选D。句意：医生认为度假对你有好处。本题考查代词it作形式主语。根据句意不定式短语to have a holiday在宾语从句中作真正的主语，只有it 可作形式主语，故选D项。
【即境活用】
16.(高考天津卷)It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.
A．as B．which
C．whether D．that
解析：选D。句意是：对学生来说，很明显的是他们应该为将来做好准备。It是形式主语，________they should get well prepared for their future是主语从句，作真正的主语。这个引导词起引导作用，不作成分，故用that。
② 【教材原句】 Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top，and the metals that react least at the bottom.(P44)
这儿有一个图表，那些反应最强烈的金属在上部，反应最不强烈的在下部。
【句法分析】 这是一个倒装句，正常语序是：A table with...is here.
(1)在there ，here引导的句子中，谓语是be，exist等表示状态的不及物动词时，句子要全部倒装。
(2)在there，here，now，then，thus等开头的句子里，谓语动词是come，go，follow等时，句子要全部倒装。
(3)here，there引导的句子，当主语是代词时，不倒装，且此类句子不用进行时。
①Here are what I want you to do.下面是我想让你做的事情。
②There goes the bus. 公共汽车走了。
③Now comes my turn.现在该轮到我了。
17．(高考江苏卷)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look，there________the rest of our guests!
?A．come B．comes
C．is coming D．are coming
解析：选A。句意：——都到了吗？——还没有……看，其余的客人过来了！本题考查主谓一致。本句中there放在句首，句子采用了倒装句式，谓语动词应该根据句子的主语the rest of our guests来判断，B项和C项为第三人称单数形式，可排除；come用于进行时态表示将来的动作，不合题意，可排除；A项谓语动词与主语一致，故答案为A。
【即境活用】
18.(高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then________all shouting together.
A．voices had come B．came voices
C．voices would come D．did voices come
解析：选B。考查倒装结构。表示时间的副词now，then及表示方位的副词here，there等位于句首，与位移性动词come，go，arrive等连用，且主语不是人称代词，此时用完全倒装。从前一句可知此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。
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