Book 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)
1．quality n．质量；品质→quantity n．数量
2．mean adj.吝啬的→generous adj.大方的
3．devote vt.献身；专心于→be devoted_to sth./devote oneself to sth.专心于做某事
4．out_of_work 失业→out of a job 失业→out_of_employment 失业→at work 在工作上
5．attack vt.进攻；攻击→be under_attack 遭受攻击
6．in_trouble 处于困境中→out of trouble 摆脱困境→ask_for_trouble 自寻烦恼
7．lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心→lose face丢脸
8．escape vt.逃脱→escape punishment/being_punished 逃脱惩罚
9．come_to_power 当权；上台→in power 当权
10．reward n. & vt.酬劳；回报→be rewarded_with 得到……回报→award n．奖状，奖品；vt.授予
11．opinion n．观点→in_one’s_opinion/in one’s eyes/as_far_as_one_is_concerned/to one’s understanding在某人看来
Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)
1．self n．自我→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的
2．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.非法的
3．violence n．暴力→violent adj.暴力的
4．educate vt.教育→educated adj.受过教育的
5．beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞丐
6．cruelty n．残忍→cruel adj.残忍的
Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)
1．In my opinion(看法), quality(质量) is more important than quantity, which should become the principle(原则) of manufacturers.
2．The new-elected president(总统) is easy-going(随和的) and devoted_to(专心于) his work.As_a_matter_of_fact(事实上), no previous presidents can equal(比得上) him.
3．When the economy was in_trouble(陷入困境), many people were out_of_work(失业) and then lost_heart(丧失信心) to life and wanted to escape(逃避) the reality.
4．The conflicts caused violence(暴力)．Some people blew_up(爆炸) cars and buildings.Many victims didn’t know whom to turn_to(求助于) for their legal(合法的) rights.
5．Hopefully(有希望地), that educated(受过教育的) people come_to_power(当权) means a peaceful(和平的) world.
Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)
He was rewarded for his devotion and generosity to education.He is strongly against violence and terrorism.In his opinion，attack of any kind is cruel and not equal.Everyone should obey the legal principles—law.
Ⅴ.课文原句背诵
1．The_last_thirty_years_have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress...
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步……
2．They were not cleverer than me，but they did_pass_their_exams.
他们并不比我聪明，但他们却通过了考试。
3．The time when_I_first_met_Nelson_Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be ________ respected.
(2012·福建，27)
A．especially B．equally
C．naturally D．normally
答案 B
解析 especially尤其，特别；equally平等地，同样地；naturally自然地；normally正常地。由句意“任何人，不管他是一名官员还是一名公共汽车司机，都应该受到同样的尊敬。”可知答案为B项。
(教材原句：...I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.)
2．Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered. (2012·湖南，34)
A．what B．in what
C．which D．in which
答案 D
解析 句意为：心灵的护理是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，甚至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。in which引导限制性定语从句，which代指前面的process。
(考查单元语法)
3．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can________preparing your business plan. (2012·浙江，15)
A．set out B．set about
C．set off D．set up
答案 B
解析 句意为：有这些你所收集的信息，你可以着手准备你的商业计划了。set about doing sth.开始做，着手做，符合句意。set out to do sth.着手做某事；set off出发；set up建立，均不符合语境，故排除。
(教材原句：...set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg...)
4．Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from________you received gifts？
(2012·上海，35)
A．which B．them
C．that D．whom
答案 D
解析 本题考查定语从句。首先从前后两个句子的谓语判断该空为连词，所以排除B；前面有介词from，排除C；又根据receive sth.from sb.，看出后面从句成分不完整，所以该句为定语从句。whom指人，而which指物，所以答案为D。
(考查单元语法)
5．Anyway，I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my________.(2011·浙江，18)
A．emotions B．principles
C．regulations D．opinions
答案 B
解析 句意为：无论如何我不能骗他——这违背了我的________。emotion感情，情感，情绪；principle原理，原则，行为准则，为人之道；regulation规则，条例，法规；opinion看法，主意，主张。所以B项符合逻辑。
(教材原句：He strongly believed in the three principles...)
Ⅱ.完形、阅读——英译汉
1．So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. (2012·辽宁·阅读C)
所以他们将做好准备，准备迎接一个中国和美国一样强大的世界。
2．Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into trouble.
(2012·广东·完形)
这样的人总是坚持自己的观点，即使这意味着他们可能陷入困境。
3．Special classes should be set up for those who are talented. (2011·广东·完形)
应为那些有特殊才能的孩子设立特殊班。
4．The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving-offence points. (2011·福建·阅读A)
司机如果被发现有罪，可能面临最多25_000港元的罚款并被处三年有期徒刑，还要扣十分。
Ⅲ.书面表达——汉译英
1．事实上，拦截、推搡和冲撞只是艰苦比赛的一部分。(as a matter of fact)
(2012·江苏·书面表达)
As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.
2．然而，当碰到超出我能力的事情时，我就求助于我的老师和同学。(turn to)
(2011·安徽·书面表达)
However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.
历年高考热点：equally，set up，principle，equal，get into trouble，be sentenced to，
as a matter of fact，turn to等的用法。
2014考点预测：devote，equal，escape，reward，as a matter of fact，turn to，lose heart，set up等的用法。
1
双语释义v．献身；致力；专心于；把……用于(give most of...to)
学情诊断
(1)用devote的适当形式填空
①We should devote every effort to helping the disabled.
②He has always shown great devotion to his children.
③From the beginning of this term we have been devoted to our study because this year plays a key part in high school.
(2)The determined mother has devoted all she has to________her son out of trouble.
A．helping B．help
C．have helped D．having helped
答案 A
解析 句意为：这个意志坚定的母亲尽一切努力帮助儿子脱离困境。devote one’s time/life...to“把时间/一生……奉献于……”，to 为介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词形式。此处不强调help动作已发生，故不用having helped。
归纳拓展
devote one’s time/life/energy to...把时间/一生/精力用于……
devote oneself to...献身于；致力于；专心于
devoted adj.献身的；专心的；忠诚的
be devoted to...献身于……；对……忠诚的
devotion n.献身；忠诚
思考 devote...to/be devoted to...中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。类似短语还有哪些呢？
pay_attention_to，lead_to，stick_to，prefer...to...，look_forward_to等。
2
双语释义adj.相同的，同样的，相等的(the same in...)；平等的；同等的；相当的；能胜任的(fit；capable)；能应付的；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与……相等，等于(be the same in...)；比得上；抵得过(be as good as...)
学情诊断
(1)用equal的适当形式填空
①Men and women have equal rights in China.
②He is my equal in strength.
③Don’t you believe in equality between men and women?
④No one equals him in strength.
⑤Diet and exercise are equally important.
(2)I don’t think he is equal________this kind of work, so I can’t hire him.
A．in doing B．doing
C．to do D．to doing
答案 D
解析 be equal to doing...胜任……，为固定短语，其中to为介词。
归纳拓展
be equal to ?doing?sth.等于；与……相等；能胜任
be equal in在……方面相等
equal sth.in在……方面与某物相等/比得上
without equal/have no equal无与伦比；无敌
equally adv.相等地；平等地
equality n.相等；平等
3
双语释义v．逃跑；逃走；逃出；逃脱，摆脱，逃避(get away from)；被忘掉(to be forgotten)；被忽视；n.逃跑；逃脱；逃避；逃避现实；解脱；消遣
学情诊断
(1)翻译句子
①We were lucky to escape being punished.
我们很幸运，没有受罚。
②A prisoner escaped from prison this morning.
有一个囚犯今天早晨越狱逃跑了。
③I’m terribly sorry that your name escapes me for the moment.
我非常抱歉一时想不起你的名字了。
(2)The environmentalists said wild goats’________on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.
A．escape B．absence
C．attendance D．appearance
答案 D
解析 句意为：环境学家说野山羊在大草原的出现是环境变好的征兆。escape逃跑；absence缺席；根据good indication of the better environment可排除A、B两项。attendance出席，一般指接受邀请或要求而参加，与题意不符，故只有appearance“出现”符合题意。
归纳拓展
escape from/out of...从……逃跑/漏出
escape＋n./doing sth.逃避?做?某事
sth. escape?s? sb.某事被某人遗忘；未被注意
make one’s escape逃跑，逃走
a narrow escape九死一生，幸免于难；侥幸逃脱
escaped adj.逃跑了的
易错提示
escape后面接动名词作宾语，而不能接不定式。
4
学情诊断
(1) 完成句子
①He received a medal in_reward_for_his_bravery.
他因勇敢获得一枚奖章。
②I don’t expect anything in_reward.
我不指望得到任何酬谢。
③We rewarded_him_for_finding our lost cat.
他把我们丢失的猫找了回来，我们因此奖赏了他。
④The school rewarded_him_with_a_prize_for_excellence in his studies.
他因学习成绩优秀而受到学校的奖赏。
(2)Anyone ________ information which leads to the recovery of the painting will ________.
A．providing；reward
B．provided；be rewarded
C．providing；be rewarded
D．provided；reward
答案 C
归纳拓展
reward sb. for sth.因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth.用某物回报某人
in reward for作为报答；作为……的报酬
as a reward for作为……的报酬；作为……的回报
offer a reward悬赏
易混辨析 award，reward，prize
award vt.授予，颁发，判给；n.奖品，赠品，奖励，与prize(奖金)近义。
be awarded for...因……而受奖
award sb.sth.颁发给某人某物
reward n．&vt.报酬，奖励，可以用于比喻意义。
reward sb.with sth.用……酬谢某人
活学活用
用award，reward，prize的适当形式填空
(1)He received a reward of $900 from the police for catching the criminal.
(2)The winner was awarded a gold medal.
(3)He won the first prize/award in the singing contest.
5
双语释义事实上；其实(in fact，actually，in reality)
学情诊断
(1)同义词语替换
Henry always seems so self-confident，but as_a_matter_of_fact，he’s extremely shy. in_(actual)_fact/in_reality/in_practice/in_truth
(2)用适当的介词或连词填空
①They told me it would be cheap but in fact it cost me nearly $500.
②We live very close to Lesley’s parents，in the same street in actual fact.
③As a matter of fact，we’ve just signed a big new contract in China.
④They hoped to finish the kitchen by Friday，but as it is they’ll probably have to come back
next week.
归纳拓展
表示“事实上；其实”的短语：
?1?as a matter of fact；?2?in fact；?3?in actual fact；?4?in reality；?5?in practice；?6?as it is；?7?in truth
6
双语释义开始，着手(start)；向……求助(go to...for...)
学情诊断
(1)给下面的句子中turn的短语选择恰当的意思
A．打开 B．开大……的音量 C．使热量、音量降低 D．顶回或拒不理会(好意、建议或提意见的人) E．翻身或翻转 F．向……求助、请教等 G．把某事的控制权或管理权交给某人 H．关掉
①Turn on/off/up/down the radio.A/H/B/C
②She turned over and went to sleep.E
③He turned the business over to his daughter-in-law.G
④She is a stranger here and has nobody to turn to.F
⑤He asked Jane to marry him but she turned him down.D
(2)—What is the matter?
—The bike hit a rock and ________.Fortunately he was slightly hurt.
A．turned over B．turned down
C．turned up D．turned away
答案 A
归纳拓展
turn to sb.向某人求助
turn away转过脸；把某人拒之门外；不准某人进入
turn down拒绝，顶回；关小
turn in上交，提交
turn over翻身；变换
turn sth. over to sb.把……移交给某人
7
双语释义丧失勇气或信心(lose confidence)
学情诊断
(1)Don’t_lose_heart (不要丧失信心) whatever happens.
(2)I want to thank you from_the_bottom_of_my_heart (衷心地)．
(3)He lost_his_heart_to (爱上) the girl at first sight.
(4)You have to learn_all_the_music_by_heart (把这乐曲全背下来)．
归纳拓展
lose one’s heart to sb.爱上某人；倾心于某人
from the bottom of one’s heart从内心，衷心地
learn/know...by heart背过/熟记
break one’s heart使某人难过/心碎
put one’s heart into sth.全身心地投入某事
heart and soul全心全意地
8
双语释义设立；创立；建立(build；create)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①They set_apart some food for the hungry refugees.
他们为饥饿的难民拨出了一些食品。
②They set_up some stones as land marks.
他们竖起一些石头当界碑。
③He set_an_example to us in study.
他在学习方面给我们树立了榜样。
(2)单项填空
①A new school was ________ in the village last year.
A．held up B．brought up
C．sent up D．set up
答案 D
②He ________ to do his homework the moment he got home.
A．set up B．set out
C．set about D．set in
答案 B
归纳拓展
set about doing/set out to do sth.着手做某事
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样
set sth. apart ?for sth.?留出，拨出?专用?
set down放下；记下
set oneself against反对，与……对抗
1句型公式：“only＋状语/状语从句”置于句首引起的倒装
学情诊断
(1)用only if，if only填空
①If_only I had enough money to buy a car.
②Only_if you make efforts can you make great progress.
③The students at the university can take up part-time jobs only_if it doesn’t interfere with their
studies.
(2)单项填空
①Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages________them well.
A．you can learn B．can you learn
C．you learned D．did you learn
答案 B
解析 “only＋状语从句”放在句首，其后倒装。
②Only after liberation________to be treated as human beings.
A．did they begin B．they had begun
C．they did begin D．had they begun
答案 A
解析 “only＋介词短语”放在句首其后倒装，用过去时态，B项表示过去的过去。
归纳拓展
?1?“only＋状语”置于句首，句子用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或者be动词提到主语前面。副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、时间状语、地点状语时，主句要用部分倒装。如果“only＋状语从句”置于句首，且与主句之间无逗号隔开，该状语从句不倒装，只有主句进行倒装。但only修饰主语时不倒装。
?2?表示否定意义的词或短语放在句首时句子也用部分倒装。这些词或短语常见的有：seldom， little，hardly， never，in no way， in no case， by no means， on no
condition， on no account， under no circumstances， at no time 等。
写作句组 满分作文之佳句背诵
a．Only in this way can I learn enough knowledge to be a good teacher.
b．Only in this way can fewer patients suffer such pains in hospital.
c．Only if everyone does his part and tries hard to seek solutions for its control will tomorrow
be better and brighter.
2
学情诊断
用定语从句的引导词完成句子
(1)What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?
(2)Please leave the book where it was.
(3)This is the reason why/for_which he cried.
(4)July，when/in_which we can go home for a rest，is coming soon.
(5)I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Coffee of high quality costs more than that of poor quality.
2．You are lucky to_escape punishment/being punished.
3．She was awarded the first prize for being the best singer.
4．She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.
5．She’s always been mean with money while her husband is generous with his money.
6．He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.
7．Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.
8．Which is the better is a matter of opinion.
9．The campaign is intended to educate the public to respect the environment.
10．A woman was attacked and robbed by a gang of youths.
Ⅱ.词义猜测或句意理解题——用本单元词汇或句式替换划线部分
1．He offered advice to poor black people.guidance
2．He was unhappy because he lost_his_job.was_out_of_work
3．Great_changes_have_taken_place_in_China_in_the_past_30_years.The_past_30_years_have_seen_great_changes_in_China
4．Actually,_I don’t like violence.As_a_matter_of_fact
5．It was a prison and_no_one_could_escape_from_it.from_which_no_one_could_escape
Ⅲ.微写作(5)
写作素材
1．作为律师，我挚爱我的工作。
2．我相信法律面前人人平等。
3．在大家处于困境时，我乐意不计报酬为大家提供帮助。
4．事实上，很多人就法律问题向我求助。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
As a lawyer, I’m devoted to my job and I believe all people are equal before the law.I’m willing to give a hand when people are in trouble without rewards.As a matter of fact, a lot of people turn to me for legal advice.
Ⅳ.微语法(5)——关系副词when和where
(课外拓展——一个单元突破一个语法点)
1．We live in an age________more information is available with greater ease than ever before. (2012·浙江，9)
A．why B．when
C．to whom D．on which
答案 B
解析 when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词an age(时代)。
2．—Is there a department store around ________ I can get a birthday present for my brother?
—Yes，just across the street.
A．which B．that
C．on which D．where
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句的用法。此处a department store为先行词，其在定语从句中作状语。
3．Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity________sight matters more than hearing.
A．when B．whose C．which D．where
答案 D
解析 句意为：那些成功的盲人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动。先行词activity后跟定语从句，从句中where作地点状语，意为“在那儿，在那种情况或场合下”。
4．Do you remember a certain occasion ________ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand.
A．where B．which
C．why D．when
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。根据后面的时间短语at that moment可知occasion指时间，故要使用关系副词when，相当于at which time。
5．Could it be in the restaurant ________ you had dinner with me yesterday that you lost your handbag?
A．that B．where
C．in that D．at where
答案 B
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。此处restaurant是先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语。句子中的that是强调句型的连词。
Step One 抓基础——句子先行
第3讲 并列句就看过渡性词汇
由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成的句子叫并列句。并列句通过并列连词、连接副词或分号等三种方式连接起来。
常用的连接词有and，but，or，yet，however，for，therefore，so等。
1．My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.(2012·四川·书面表达)
我的英语还可以。在学习中主要有两个问题：一是记忆单词我感觉困难；二是说英语时我常感觉紧张。
2．Then the cake will be cut and we’ll sing songs and play games.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ·书面表达)
接着切蛋糕，然后我们唱歌玩游戏。
3．I’ve been learning English for ten years, and I speak English fluently.
(2012·大纲全国Ⅰ·书面表达)
十年来我一直在学英语，而且我英语说得很流畅。
4．I searched everywhere for it，but there was no result. (2012·湖南·书面表达)
我每个地方都找了，但是没有结果。
5．On the afternoon of September 10，some of us decorated our classroom with paper flowers and balloons，and others went to buy cakes，drinks and fruits. (2012·陕西·书面表达)
九月十号的下午，我们当中有些人用花和气球装饰教室，其他的人去买蛋糕、饮料和水果。
6．Some of the girls sang songs for Ms. Li，and three boys showed their Gongfu talent.
(2012·陕西·书面表达)
有些女生为李老师唱歌，三个男生表演了他们的功夫才艺。
7．It’s true that our future is determined by many things，such as opportunities and help from others，but our attitude，determination，and hard work play a more important role.
(2012·浙江·书面表达)
这是真的，我们的未来由很多因素决定，比如：机会以及来自别人的帮助，但是我们的态度、决心以及勤奋起着更重要的作用。
8．Then they started shouting and yelling，and it turned into a horrible quarrel.
(2012·江苏·书面表达)
然后他们开始叫喊，接着就变成了可怕的争吵。
9．To be honest，it was Su’s fault，but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. (2012·江苏·书面表达)
说实话，是苏的过错，但李也应受到责备——他们不够冷静并且都说了一些有恶意的话。
10．Don’t be self-centred and try to be considerate.(2012·江苏·书面表达)
不要以自我为中心，要多善解人意。
即时训练
用恰当的连接词翻译下列句子
1．我说英语很流畅，而且我能给来自其他国家的同学讲中国的事，同时也能了解他们的国家。 (2012·大纲全国Ⅰ·书面表达)
I_speak_English_fluently.What’s_more，I’ll_be_able_to_tell_students_from_other_countries_about_China_and_learn_about_their_countries_as_well.
2．一方面，它们有助于我提高写作技巧，拓宽视野；另一方面，还能丰富我的生活并能给我带来巨大的乐趣。 (2012·江西·书面表达)
For_one_thing，they_help_to_improve_my_writing_skills_and_broaden_my_horizons.For_another，they_can_enrich_my_life_and_provide_me_with_great_fun.
3．但我怕你迷路，给过你一张地图！
But_I_gave_you_a_map_so_you_wouldn’t_get_lost!
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