Book 8 Unit 2 Cloning
Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)
1．differ vi.不同→differ from...in...在……方面与众不同
2．pay_off得到好结果；取得成功→pay back偿还→pay for付……的钱
3．breakthrough n．突破→make_a_breakthrough获得突破
4．cast_down沮丧；不愉快
5．object vi.反对；不赞成→object to反对
6．forbid vt.禁止→ban禁止；取缔→forbid sb. sth.禁止某人某物→forbid sb. from_doing sth.禁止某人做某事
7．owe vt.欠(钱、人情等)→owe sth. to...欠……；归功于……→owing_to因为，由于
8．bring back to life使复生→come_to_life变得活跃起来
9．resist vt.抵抗；对抗→resist diseases抗病
10．in_good/poor_condition状况很好/坏→in a good/poor state状况很好/不好
Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)
1．differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同；差别
2．commerce n．商业→commercial adj.商业的
3．object vi.反对→objection n．不赞成；反对
4．retire vi.退休→retirement n．退休
5．assume vt.假定；设想→assumption n．假定；设想
6．reason n．原因；道理→reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的
Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)
1．Being twins(双胞胎) doesn’t mean they are exactly(完全) the same. Actually, they differ(不一样) in many ways.
2．Don’t be cast_down(沮丧)．Your effort will pay_off(回报) in time and you’ll obtain(得到) what you want.
3．Altogether(总共), we have 10 subjects, 5 of which are compulsory(必修的). I wonder why I should bother(麻烦) to learn the others.
4．He seems to be in_good_condition(状况很好), but he can’t resist(抵抗) a flu and he falls ill from_time_to_time(不时地)．
5．I objected_to(反对) being forbidden(禁止) from the computer games but in_vain(徒劳的) because all the family members were in_favor_of(支持) it.
Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)
To be exact，what he has been undertaking finally pays off shortly after he made a breakthrough in the procedure of computers.He was once cast down and nobody was in favor of him.
Ⅴ.课文原句背诵
1．Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
2．There is also a fierce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed.
就要不要进行克隆人的实验也有激烈的辩论。
3．It_would_be_unfair to clone any extinct animals if_they_were_to_live_in_a_zoo.
如果克隆出任何绝种动物，而他们必须生活在动物园里那是不公平的。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The athlete’s years of hard training________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
(2012·安徽， 28)
A．went on B．got through
C．paid off D．ended up
答案 C
解析 句意为：当这个运动员最终获得奥运会金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。go on继续，接下去；get through渡过难关；pay off得到回报；end up以……告终。该运动员获得奥运会金牌是对她多年刻苦训练的“回报”，故选C项。
(教材原句：But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough...)
2．The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.
(2012·湖北，30)
A．pattern B．procedure
C．program D．perspective
答案 B
解析 句意为：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意。A项意为“模式”；C项意为“节目”；D项意为“视角”，都与句意不符。
(教材原句：The procedure works like this...)
3．Clinical evidence began to ________，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. (2011·湖北，28)
A．operate B．strengthen
C．approve D．accumulate
答案 D
解析 句意为：临床证据开始积聚，表明这种新药物的用途比以往在动物身上做实验所预测的用途更广泛。operate操作；strengthen加强；approve赞成；accumulate积累，积聚。根据句意可知应选D项。
(教材原句：...but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.)
4．When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men. (2011·湖北，30)
A．in terms of B．in need of
C．in favor of D．in praise of
答案 C
解析 句意为：当被问及他们对校长的意见时，许多老师都希望看到他让位给年轻人。in terms of谈及，就……而言；in need of需要；in favor of支持，赞同；in praise of歌颂。根据句意可知应选C项。
(教材原句：Is it in favour of cloning or against it？)
5．—I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.
—________？Mary is interested. (2011·天津，14)
A．Why bother B．Why not
C．So what D．What for
答案 A
解析 句意为：——我需要登广告找个下个学期的室友。——费那个劲做什么？玛丽对此事感兴趣。why bother何必那么麻烦；why not为什么不呢；so what那又怎么样；what for为什么。根据语境可确定选A项。
Ⅱ.完形、阅读——英译汉
Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.
(2012·福建·阅读E)
大多数学校支持团体或个人教育活动。
2．In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better；when caution weighs more, however, women will win. (2012·北京·阅读C)
在紧张的冒险有很大回报的情况下，男人可能会做得更好，_然而，当谨慎更重要时，女性会赢。
3．Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. (2011·重庆·阅读C)
现在对于灰尘的态度仍然有很大不同。
Ⅲ.书面表达——汉译英
1．这是给退休教师的多么好的礼物！(retire)(2012·广东·读写任务)
What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher!
2．我也希望我的努力能得到回报。(pay off)(2011·山东·写作)
I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay off.
历年高考热点：pay off，procedure，accumulate，
in favor of，bother，undertake，differ，retire等的用法。
2014考点预测：differ，object，owe，strike，resist，cast
down，pay off，in good condition等的用法。
1
双语释义vi.不同；相异；意见相左(to disagree with sb.)
学情诊断
(1)同义词语替换
In this respect，French differs_from English.is_different_from
(2)用适当的介、副词填空
①Humans differ from other mammals in their ability to speak.
②I have to differ with you on/about/over that.
③The two lawyers differed about/on/over how to present the case.
④There’s not much difference in price between the two computers.
归纳拓展
differ in在……方面不同
differ with sb. on/about/over sth.在……上与某人持不同看法
differ from/be different from与……不同
make a difference有差别，有影响
tell the difference?s? between A and B分清A和B
be different from...in...在……方面与……不同
2
双语释义n．(可见或可触摸的)物体，东西(thing)；v.口头表示反对(或不同意)(oppose；disagree)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①They objected to_putting_off_the_meeting.
他们不赞成把会议推迟。
②They_objected_that he was not careful enough.
他们提出反对，说他不够谨慎。
③It_may_be_objected_that not enough manpower is available.
有人可能会提出反对，认为没有足够的人力可用。
(2)I object ________ being repeatedly dropped on ________ this manner.
A．in；on B．to；in
C．in；to D．on；in
答案 B
归纳拓展
object to sb./sth.反对，不赞成某人/某事?to为介词?
object to ?sb.? doing sth.反对?某人?做某事
be for/against...支持/反对……
易错提示
object用作及物动词时，其后不可直接接名词或代词作宾语，可接宾语从句，表示 “提出反对……的理由”，即object之后的宾语从句不是“反对的内容”，而是“反对的理由”；用作不及物动词时，后面须接介词to，表示“不赞成、反对的具体内容或对象”，介词后可接名词、代词或动名词。
3
学情诊断
(1)用owe的适当形式填空
①The company owes_ money to more than 60 banks.
②He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer.
③He was out of work owing to a physical injury.
(2)________his illness，he was late for the conference.
A．Owing to B．For the sake of
C．Thanks to D．According to
答案 A
解析 句意为：由于生病，他开会迟到了。owing to由于；for the sake of为了；thanks to多亏；according to根据。
归纳拓展
owe sb. sth./owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物
owe sth. to sb./sth.把某事归功于某人或某事
owing to?to为介词?因为，由于
4
双语释义vt. & vi.(struck，struck)打；罢工(refuse to work)；敲；撞击(hit)；侵袭(attack)；给(某人以……)印象(impress)；擦(rub)；n.罢工；打击；殴打(kicking or hitting)
学情诊断
(1)写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思
①The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.
给某人留下印象
②The tree was struck by lightning. 撞击
③That area was struck by a snowstorm.
(灾害)袭击
④When the clock strikes six，the children go home for dinner.
(时钟)敲响
⑤He struck a match to light the candle.
擦
(2)A bright idea suddenly________me that I could use the money I saved to help a poor student in the countryside.
A．struck B．occurred
C．happened D．hurt
答案 A
解析 句意为：我突然有了一个很好的想法——我可以用存下来的钱帮助农村的一名贫困学生。strike在此意为“突然想到”，为及物动词；occur作“突然想到”讲时为不及物动词，后跟to。
归纳拓展
strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心
It strikes sb.that...某人突然想起……
be struck by/with sb./sth.被某人/某物打动
be on strike在罢工,go on strike举行罢工
5
双语释义 v．抵制(refuse to accept)；抗拒；反抗(fight back)
学情诊断
(1)句型转换
She could hardly resist laughing on those occasions.
→She could not help laughing on those occasions.
→She could not help but laugh on those occasions.
(2)完成句子
①He found it hard to_resist_buying_these_books.
他发现不买这些书是很难的。
②He is in good health—he is able to resist_diseases.
他身体健康，能抵抗疾病。
(3)She couldn’t resist ________ aim ________ the wild geese as they flew over.
A．taking；to B．to take；at
C．to take；to D．taking；at
答案 D
归纳拓展
resist doing sth.抵制做某事
resistance n.反抗；抵制
put up resistance to...进行对……的抵抗
6
双语释义沮丧；不愉快(be sad or unhappy)
学情诊断
(1)同义词语替换
①She’s cast_off three boyfriends in a month.got_rid_of/thrown_away
②Anyone who opposed the King’s rule was cast_into_prison.put/thrown_into_prison
(2)用适当的介、副词填空
①He was much cast down by the result of the experiment.
②When she became famous she cast her old friends aside/off.
③Its side effects cast doubt on the usefulness of the drug.
④In her opinion，Murphy should be cast into prison.
归纳拓展
cast aside/off抛弃；摆脱
cast/throw/put sb. into prison把某人投入监狱
cast doubt on使怀疑……
cast/throw light on/upon使……为人所知/被披露出来
7
双语释义得到好结果(bring good result)；付清(finish paying the money)；(付清工资后)解雇(dismiss)；取得成功(be successful)
学情诊断
(1)写出下列句子中pay off的汉语意思
①It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.还清(债务)
②Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off. 取得好结果
③The boss paid off the employees.(付清工资后)解雇
④Did your daring plan pay off？取得成功
(2)His hard work will eventually ________.
A．pay for B．pay off
C．pay out D．pay up
答案 B
归纳拓展
pay for赔偿；为……付钱；因……受罚；替某人付款
pay out付出?钱?，出钱
pay up全部付清
pay back偿付；报答；向……报复
pay a visit to访问
8
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①We are surprised to find the old temple is still in_good_condition after the earthquake.
地震之后我们吃惊地发现那座古老的寺庙仍旧完好。
②They agreed to lend us the car on_condition_that we returned it before the weekend.
他们同意借车给我们，条件是周末以前归还。
③On_no_condition must you tell him what happened.
你决不能告诉他所发生的事。
(2) From their________on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.
A．stage B．position
C．condition D．situation
答案 B
解析 句意为：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。stage舞台，阶段；position位置，立场；condition条件，状况；situation情况，形势。根据句意选择B项。
归纳拓展
out of condition健康状况不佳；状况不好
on condition that在……条件下；假如；条件是
on/under no condition无论如何都不；决不
living/housing/working conditions生活/住房/工作条件
易错提示
(1)condition指人或物自身的状况时，常用作不可数名词；指周围的环境、境况、条件时，常用复数形式。
(2)on/under no condition置于句首时句子用部分倒装。
1
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
学情诊断
(1)Word_came_that the mayor will inspect our school.
有消息传来市长将来我们学校视察。
(2)单项填空
①Information has been put forward________more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A．while B．that
C．when D．as
答案 B
解析 more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities解释说明information的具体内容，是同位语从句，且从句中不缺成分，故用that引导。
②It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities；this is the information________has been put forward.
A．what B．that
C．when D．as
答案 B
解析 分析句子结构可知，空格后的句子为定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故选that。
归纳拓展
?1?同位语从句常放在fact， news， idea， truth， hope， problem， information， wish， promise， answer， evidence， report， explanation， suggestion， conclusion等抽象名词后面，解释说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容进行解释或说明。同位语从句一般用that， whether，who， when， where， why， how 等词引导。
?2?如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略。
?3?引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语?指物时还可以用which代替?，并且作宾语时常常省略。that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。
2
当园丁从生长的植物上剪枝来培育新苗时，它(克隆)就发生了。
学情诊断
(1)They overworked to_finish_the_task_ahead_of_time.
他们加班的目的是提前完成任务。
(2)单项填空
①On my way home, I stopped________some food.
A．buy B．to buy
C．buying D．bought
答案 B
解析 不定式作目的状语。
②To learn to speak English well，________.
A．much practice is needed
B．one needs much practice
C．much practice is needed by one
D．one is needed much practice
答案 B
解析 one 作句首不定式的逻辑主语。
③Tom kept quiet about the accident________lose his job.
A．so not as to B．so as not to
C．so as to not D．not so as to
答案 B
解析 so as not to do sth.为了不做某事。此处也可用in order not to。
归纳拓展
?1?不定式作目的状语可以放在句子的后面，也可以放在句首。
?2?in order to 可以起到和不定式同样的表目的的作用，用法也一样。
?3?so as to 为了，不能放在句首。
3
学情诊断
用合适的结构填空使下列句子成为含有同位语的句子
(1)Tom is a handsome boy.Tom is our monitor.
→Tom，our_monitor，is a handsome boy.
(2)I will do the experiment.I will do it by myself.
→I，myself，will do the experiment.
(3)They are six.She is the oldest among them.
→She is the oldest among them six.
(4)He told me the news.The plane had exploded.
→He told me the news that_the_plane_had_exploded.
(5)The freezing temperature is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.Freezing point is that too.
→The freezing temperature，or freezing_point，is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.
Ⅰ.根据英文释义写出下列单词
1．differ：to be different from
2．exact：correct and without mistakes；precise
3．obtain：to get sth.，especially by making an effort
4．medium：method for giving information and news to people
5．shortly：soon；right away
Ⅱ.语境填词
1．Smoking should be forbidden in public places.
2．He owes his success to hard work.
3．It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.
4．The purpose of education is not just accumulating knowledge.
5．I couldn’t resist telling him the secret.
Ⅲ.词义猜测或句意理解题——用本单元词汇或句式替换划线部分
1．At last our determination and patience got_good_results.paid_off
2．All the scientists were sad to hear the bad news.cast_down
3．Dolly’s appearance caused_many_people_to_be_against_it.raised_a_storm_of_objections
4．We tried to persuade him but he_wouldn’t_listen.in_vain
5．Soon after we arrived, we were told he wouldn’t come.Shortly
Ⅳ.微写作(37)
写作素材
1．人们对克隆有不同的看法。
2．有些人很沮丧，因为他们认为这在伦理上是不合理的，应该被禁止。
3．实际上许多国家从事这个课题并获得重大的突破。
4．所以我们无法抗拒它。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
People’s ideas of cloning differ. Some feel cast down because they think it is not morally reasonable and should be forbidden.Actually many countries undertake it and obtain great breakthroughs. So we are unable to resist it.
Ⅴ.微语法(37)——祈使句与并列句
(课外拓展——一个单元突破一个语法点)
1．You have to move out of the way_________the truck cannot get past you.
(2012·大纲全国Ⅰ，34)
A．so B．or C．and D．but
答案 B
解析 or否则，不然的话。句意为：你别挡道，否则那辆卡车过不去。
2．Before you quit your job，________ how your family would feel about your decision.
(2012·重庆，31)
A．consider B．considering
C．to consider D．considered
答案 A
解析 题干中Before引导从句，其后需有主句，而consider是及物动词，故其后的how your family would feel about your decision只能是宾语从句。由此可知空格处只能是谓语动词，才能与其后的宾语从句构成祈使句，故B、C、D三项均不符合。
3．________at the door before you enter my room，please. (2012·北京，31)
A．Knock B．Knocking
C．Knocked D．To knock
答案 A
解析 句意为：进我的房间之前请先敲门。句子缺少谓语动词，所以空格处应填动词原形构成一个祈使句，A项正确。
4．Mike was usually so careful，________this time he made a small mistake. (2012·浙江，18)
A．yet B．still
C．even D．thus
答案 A
解析 句意为：麦克通常很认真的，然而(yet)这次他犯了个小错误。still仍旧；even甚至；thus因此，均不符合语境，故排除。
5．Find ways to praise your children often，________ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. (2011·山东，23)
A．till B．or
C．and D．but
答案 C
解析 句意为：如果你能找到一些方法来经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。本题所考查的句式为“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”。本句中前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示条件下的结果，故用and连接；or表示“否则”，与句意不符。
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