Book 4 Unit 2 Working the land
Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及相关短语)
1．sunburnt adj.晒黑的→get_sunburnt 被晒黑；被晒伤
2．struggle vi. & n．斗争；努力→struggle for_sth.为……而斗争/奋斗→struggle to_do_sth.努力做(困难的)事
3．be satisfied_with 对……感到满意→be content with/be pleased with 对……感到满意
4．regret vt. & n．遗憾；后悔→regret doing_sth.后悔做过某事→regret to_do_sth.遗憾地做某事
5．build_up逐渐增强→build oneself up 强身健体
6．lead_to导致；造成(后果)→contribute to 导致
7．keep...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)→be free from/of免受……
Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)
1．hunger n．饥饿；欲望；vt. & vi.(使)挨饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望的
2．disturb vt.打乱；使不安→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的
3．free adj.自由的→freedom n．自由；自主
4．equip vt. & vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备
5．occupy vt.占据→occupation n．工作；职业；占领
6．chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的
7．nutrition n．营养→nutritious adj.有营养的
8．discover vt.发现→discovery n．发现
9．reduce vt.减少→reduction n．减少
Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)
1．Thanks to his struggle(努力) of decades(数十年), the increased output(产量) of the crops rid the world of(摆脱) hunger.
2．Seeing more goods exported(出口) and the foreign market expanding(扩大), he was satisfied(满意的)．
3．Organic(有机的) farming focuses_on(集中注意力于) the health of the food，reducing(减少) the pollution of the soil(土壤) and keeping products free_from_chemicals and pests(使……免受化学药品和害虫的伤害)．
4．His hard work led_to(导致) the discovery(发现) of underground minerals(矿物)．
5．I regret_commenting(后悔评价) on his work and I would_rather(宁愿) I hadn’t done that.
Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)
People struggled against hunger for several decades，but to their regret，they still couldn’t increase the output of grain production.Therefore hunger was a disturbing problem then.
Ⅴ.课文原句背诵
1．If_so,_what did you do to grow them?
如果这样，你做什么来种植它们？
2．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making_it_ready_for_crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
像豌豆和大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物比如玉米和小麦。
3．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I remembered________the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.
(2012·安徽，24)
A．locking B．to lock
C．having locked D．to have locked
答案 B
解析 句意为：离开办公室前我记着锁门了，却忘了关灯。remember/forget to do sth.记得/忘记去做某事；remember/forget doing sth.记得/忘记曾经做过某事。
(考查单元语法)
2．Lydia doesn’t feel like ________ abroad.Her parents are old. (2011·四川，2)
A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study
答案 B
解析 句意为：莉迪亚不想到国外学习，她父母年龄大了。feel like doing sth.想要做某事。
(考查单元语法)
3．More highways have been built in China，________it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2011·陕西，20)
A．making B．made
C．to make D．having made
答案 A
解析 句意为：在中国修建了更多的高速公路，这就使人们更容易从一个地方到另一个地方去。此处是现在分词短语作结果状语，表意料之中的结果。动词不定式常表意料之外的结果。
(考查单元语法)
4．The house was too expensive and too big.________，I’d grown fond of our little rented house. (2011·江西，27)
A．Besides B．Therefore
C．Somehow D．Otherwise
答案 A
解析 句意为：那所房子太贵且太大。此外，我已经喜欢上我们租住的那间小房子了。besides还有，此外；therefore因此；somehow不知怎么地；otherwise否则，不然。根据句意可知，应选A项。
(教材原句：He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.)
5．________regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. (2011·天津，5)
A．If B．As
C．Although D．Unless
答案 C
解析 句意为：虽然有规律的锻炼很重要，但在临睡觉前锻炼却从来不是个好主意。if可引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；as可引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，若引导让步状语从句，句子需用倒装；分析前后句可知，前句为后句的让步状语，故选C项，although表示“虽然”，可引导让步状语从句；unless表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句。
Ⅱ.完形、阅读——英译汉
1．Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed. (2012·江苏·阅读B)
Merrigan_担心2012年的统计数字出来后，平均年龄会更高。
2．There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better
lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. (2012·北京·阅读D)
地球上人越来越多，他们有理由有权利想过更好的生活，而不是仅仅挣扎着活下去。
3．Even after two decades we still recognized each other. (2012·福建·完形)
即使已过了20年，我们仍认出了对方。
4．But can GM(转基因) technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would, is it the best solution？ (2011·陕西·阅读D)
但是转基因科技真的能解决世界的饥饿问题吗？即使它能解决饥饿问题，它是最好的方式吗？
Ⅲ.书面表达——汉译英
1．多亏你的鼓励，我在数学上不断进步，最后我下决心上大学就学数学专业。(thanks to) (2012·广东·读写任务)
Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.
2．因而，我坚信我们的未来掌握在我们自己手中。(therefore) (2012·浙江·书面表达)
Therefore, I firmly believe that our future is in our own hands.
历年高考热点：therefore，although，statistic，
struggle，decade，hunger，thanks to等的用法。
2014考点预测：struggle，comment，regret，focus，rid，would
rather，build up，lead to，keep...free from/of等的用法。
1
双语释义vi. & n．奋斗，努力；拼搏(try very hard to do sth.)
学情诊断
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①He struggled to his feet.
②He struggled for his freedom.
③A strong man will struggle with/against the storm of fate.
④Life became a struggle for survival.
(2)The working people have stopped their struggle ________ unfair treatment.
A．against B．for
C．on D．to
答案 A
归纳拓展
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
struggle for为……而奋斗,
struggle against/with与……搏斗
struggle along/on勉强生存下去
struggle to do sth.努力做某事
2
双语释义n．议论，评论(argument)；解释(explanation)；批评，指责(criticism)；v.表达意见；发表评论(express an opinion)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①He made helpful comments_on/about our work.
他对我们的工作提出了有益的意见。
②She didn’t comment_on/upon what I said.
她对我的话未作评论。
③Many people commented_that it was an excellent film.
许多人评论这部电影很精彩。
(2)I’d like to________on what they did about the arrangement.
A．comment B．say
C．tell D．speak
答案 A
解析 句意为：我想就他们对这项安排的所作所为作一下评论。comment on对……发表评论。
归纳拓展
make a comment/comments on/about对……发表评论
no comment无可奉告
对……发表评论
3
双语释义vt.懊悔；后悔；遗憾(feel sorry about)；n.痛惜；懊悔；遗憾
学情诊断
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I regret having_broken (break)your glass；I will buy a new one for you.
②I regret to_tell (tell) you that you can’t pass the examination.
③I regret disturbing (disturb) you so long.
(2)They failed to pass the exam last time.I regretted ________ them.
A．to be not able to help
B．being not able to help
C．not being able to help
D．not be able to help
答案 C
归纳拓展
regret doing/having done后悔做了某事
regret to do sth.遗憾将要做某事
regret to say/tell/inform...遗憾地说/告诉/通知……
to one’s regret令某人感到遗憾的是
with regret遗憾地
易错提示
既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词的词(短语)还有：remember，forget，try，mean，go on等。
4．focus
双语释义v．集中(concentrate)；聚焦；n.中心点；焦点
学情诊断
(1)用focus短语的适当形式填空
①The children’s faces are badly out_of_focus in the photograph.
②When a photograph isn’t in_focus，it isn’t clear.
③The discussion focused_on three main problems.
④Because of her strange clothes，she immediately became the_focus_of_attention when she entered the hall.
(2)Now one of the most serious problems many people are worried about________on the lack of adequate housing space.
A．insists B．depends
C．agrees D．focuses
答案 D
解析 句意为：现在许多人所担心的最严重的问题之一集中在缺乏足够的居住空间上。insist on坚持；depend on依靠；agree on达成共识；focus on集中于。由句意可知，选D项。
归纳拓展
focus on/upon集中?注意力、精力等?于
focus one’s attention/efforts/mind on把注意力/努力/
心思集中在……上
in focus 焦距正确；图像清晰
out of focus焦距不正确；图像不清晰
bring/throw sth.into focus使某事物成为焦点?受到关注?
the focus of attention注意力的焦点
5
双语释义v.摆脱(be free of sb./sth.)，去除(remove)；丢弃
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①He has gone, and I’m glad to be_rid_of him.
他走了，而我很高兴摆脱了他。
②He believed that his manager wanted_to_get_rid_of_him for personal reasons.
他认为经理是出于个人原因想开除他。
③You must rid_yourself_of_these_old-fashioned_ideas.
你必须摆脱这些陈腐观念的束缚。
(2)How to ________ these things ________ a big problem.
A．be rid of；is B．get rid of；is
C．be rid of；are D．get rid of；are
答案 B
归纳拓展
be rid of除掉，摆脱掉?麻烦的东西?
get rid of处理掉；除去，摆脱
rid...of使摆脱；使解除；使去掉
rid of的宾语放在两个词之间
be?get? rid of的宾语跟在后面。
6
双语释义宁愿；宁可(would prefer to)
学情诊断
(1)一句多译
我宁愿步行也不坐出租车去那儿。
①I_would_rather_walk_there_than_take_a_taxi.
②I_would_walk_there_rather_than_take_a_taxi.
③I_prefer_to_walk_there_rather_than_take_a_taxi.
(2)To enjoy the scenery，Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ________ travel by air.
A．as B．to
C．than D．while
答案 C
解析 would rather...than表示两者选一，意思是“宁愿……而不……”。
归纳拓展
(1)would rather的否定形式为would rather not。
(2)would do A rather than do B/would rather do A than do B/prefer
to do A rather than do B，表示“宁愿做A也不愿做B”。
(3)would rather后接动词原形或that从句。接从句时要用虚拟语
气，即用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况，用过去完成
时表示与过去相反的情况。
7
双语释义逐渐增强(make...stronger)；建立(create；set up)；开发；增进(develop)
学情诊断
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①He has built up a good business over the years.
②It is a cottage built entirely of bamboo.
③The pipes were built into concrete.
④Now we must build on our success in Italy.
⑤Try and build up his confidence a bit.
(2)Taking exercise helps us ________ our body and keep a clear mind.
A．put up B．build up
C．set up D．make up
答案 B
解析 句意为：锻炼身体帮助我们增强体质，保持头脑清醒。build up逐渐增加；增强，符合句意。
归纳拓展
be built of用……建成
build...into把……嵌?建、装?入
build on在……基础上发展；增?扩?建
8
双语释义导致；造成(后果)(result in)；通往(go in a particular direction)
学情诊断
(1)同义词语替换
It is said that a cigarette end led_to the forest fire.caused/resulted_in
(2)I’m so glad you’ve come here to ________ this matter in person.. (2012·湖北，24)
A．lead to B．see to
C．turn to D．refer to
答案 B
解析 句意为：我很高兴你能亲自到这里来处理这件事。B项意为“处理”，符合句意。A项意为“导致”；C项意为“向……求助”；D项意为“参考”，都与句意不符。
归纳拓展
lead sb. to do sth.致使某人做某事
lead sb. to...带?领?某人到?某处?；使某人得出?结论?
lead the way带路，引路
in the lead处于领先地位
take the lead带头，领先
易错提示
lead to中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式。
写作句组 满分作文之佳句背诵
a．However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
(2011·江西)
b．It’s love and concern that have brought about the great changes. (2011·福建)
c．Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke，which causes 100,000 deaths per year. (2010·广东)
d．Using the mouse for a long time may lead to painful wrists and fingers. (2009·江苏)
9
学情诊断
完成句子
(1)It was several weeks before he was_completely_free_from/of_pain (完全不疼了)．
(2)Her illness has_kept_her_away_from_work (使她上不了班) for several weeks.
(3)The Chinese Central Government keeps_the_farmers_free_of_farming_tax(免除了农民的农业税)．
归纳拓展
be free from/of不受……影响的；不含(有害物)的
keep (sb.) away from/keep (sb.) off(使)远离；使不接近
keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
keep (oneself) from doing sth.忍住(克制住自己)不做某事
1
如果明天突然没有米吃了，你认为将会发生什么？
学情诊断
(1)翻译句子
①为什么你认为他是成功的？
Why_do_you_think_he_is_successful?
②你认为他们何时会给出答复？
When_do_you_think_they_will_give_an_answer?
③你建议他们应该怎样解决这个问题？
How_do_you_suggest_they_solve_the_problem?
(2)When ________ declare our marriage to our friends?
A．do you think we should
B．do you think should we
C．you think we should
D．you think should we
答案 A
解析 插入语do you think 要放在特殊疑问词when之后，do you think之后要用陈述语序。
归纳拓展
?1?do you think/believe/suppose/imagine/suggest/expect 等可用作插入
语，要放在特殊疑问词之后。其后用陈述语序，其后不加that。
?2?do you suggest 之后要用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
2
学情诊断
用所给动词的适当形式填空
(1)Learning (learn) new words is very important for me.
(2)Being (be) a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.
(3)We must try to avoid repeating (repeat) the same mistake.
(4)We’ve got to think of ways of changing (change) people’s habits.
(5)Being_exposed (expose) to the sun will make you burnt.
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．He has been struggling for success in business.
2．At that time，many people went hungry in many parts of the countryside.
3．The confusing speech that he made at the meeting left us all confused.
4．Much to my regret，I can’t attend the party.
5．I no longer have the support in the committee.I have therefore decided to resign.
6．90% of the products are exported to Europe.
7．Dr. Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
8．The news of her death circulated quickly.
9． They’ve reduced the prices in the shop，so it’s good time to buy.
10．The spokesman refused to comment on the matter.
Ⅱ.词义猜测或句意理解题——用本单元词汇或句式替换划线部分
1．I’ve been working here for 30_years.3_decades
2．At that time, hunger was a troublesome problem in the countryside.disturbing
3．We do not own the building.Thus，it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.Therefore
4．Because_of his help, we successfully got what we needed.Thanks_to
5．The chemicals in the food supply stay_and_become_more in your body over time.build_up
Ⅲ.微写作(17)
写作素材
1．饥饿曾是个困扰人的问题。
2．在过去的十年里，农民们成功地抵制了土地的沙漠化。
3．有了新的农耕技术，谷物和其他粮食的产量都增加了。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Hunger used to be disturbing in this area.In the past decade, farmers succeeded in the struggle against the expanding desert.Equipped with new farming methods, their output of grain and other crops has increased.
Ⅳ.微语法(17)——非谓语动词作主语
(课外拓展——一个单元突破一个语法点)
1．No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it’s better________silent.
(2012·浙江，3)
A．remain B．be remaining
C．having remained D．to remain
答案 D
解析 句意为：不论一个健谈者多么聪明，有些时候最好还是保持沉默。复合句中when引导的从句的主语为形式主语it，此时真正的主语可以为主语从句或不定式。
2．________ a wet football can hurt your foot if you are not careful. (2012·上海春招)
A．Kicking B．Kicked
C．Having kicked D．Kick
答案 A
解析 考查动名词作主语。句意为：在湿滑的地面上踢足球如果你不小心可能会伤你的脚。
3．It’s important for the figures________regularly. (2011·北京，25)
A．to be updated B．to have been updated
C．to update D．to have updated
答案 A
解析 句意为：对数字进行定期地更新非常重要。分析题干可知update与the figures之间为被动关系，故排除C、D两项；又因为这里谈及的是日常规律性的事情，因此应该用一般式，故排除B项。
4．________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A．The president will attend
B．The president to attend
C．The president attended
D．The president’s attending
答案 D
解析 v．-ing形式作主语。
5．________ twice a year，whether it is a car or a bus or a truck，is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
A．Examining
B．Examined
C．Being examined
D．Having been examined
答案 C
解析 句中缺少的是主语，过去分词不作主语，故排除B项；从整个句子意思来看examine需要用被动式且用其一般式即可。
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