Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)
1．system n．系统
2．in_time及时；迟早，终于→on time 按时→sooner or later迟早
3．harmful adj.有害的→be harmful_to 对……有害
4．in one’s turn轮到某人→It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事→in_turn 轮流；转而→by_turns 轮流
5．prevent...from...阻止；制止→stop...from.../keep...from...阻止做某事
6．now_that既然→since 既然
Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)
1．theory n．理论，学说→theoretical adj.理论的
2．globe n．地球仪→global adj.全球的
3．like prep.相似；像→unlike prep.不同；不像
4．exist vi.存在→existence n．存在
5．puzzle vt. & vi.(使)迷惑→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的→puzzled adj.感到迷惑的
6．biology n．生物学→biological adj.生物的→biologist n．生物学家
Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)
1．Now_that(既然) it seems impossible to prevent the war from(阻止) breaking_out(爆发), we will do everything we can to defend our country.
2．If there were no pull(牵引力) of the earth, we would all float_weightlessly(失重漂浮)．
3．Violent(暴力的) films are harmful to children, so parents should watch_out(密切关注) and try to stop them in_time(及时)．
4．Unlike(不像) other education systems(体系), ours pay too much attention to the facts instead of the fundamental(基本的) abilities.
5．The manager cheered_up(感到高兴) at the news that his wife gave_birth_to(分娩) a baby girl and immediately, there was a pleasant atmosphere(气氛) in the office.
Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)
With the development of astronomy，people know more about the fundamental theory of climate，atmosphere and the globe.Now more and more satellites and spaceships are sent into space where there’s no oxygen and gravity.
Ⅴ.课文原句背诵
1．This produces a chain reaction，which_made_it_possible for life to develop.
这产生了连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。
2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.
当我试图向前走时，我发现自己被带出了在地球上的两倍远并摔倒在地。
3．What_is_even_more_important_is_that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.
更为重要的是，随着地球的冷却，地球的表面开始出现了水。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed________into the sports club.
(2012·上海，27)
A．going B．to go C．go D．gone
答案 B
解析 allow sb. to do sth./sb. be allowed to do sth. 允许某人做某事。句意为：杰克因为把会员卡忘在家里了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。
2．The limits of a person’s intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. (2012·安徽，27)
A．where B．whether
C．that D．why
答案 B
解析 句意为：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了。但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他所处的环境。根据depend on可知，主语从句含有不确定因素，可排除C项。where表示地点；why表示原因，用于此处不合适；而使用whether表示“是否”，与题意吻合。
(考查单元语法)
3．—Thank God you’re safe!
—I stepped back, just________to avoid the racing car.(2012·江苏，29)
A．in time B．in case
C．in need D．in vain
答案 A
解析 in time及时；in case万一，以防；in need需要；in vain徒劳，无济于事。句意为：——谢天谢地，你是安全的！——我后退了一步，及时躲过了那辆赛车。由句意知选A项。
(教材原句：They were in time to produce carbon，...，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.)
4．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be________the present one.
(2011·陕西，17)
A．as three times big as
B．three times as big as
C．as big as three times
D．as big three times as
答案 B
解析 句意为：正在为下一届亚运会建的新体育馆是现在的体育馆的3倍大。本题考查倍数表达法的句型，该题中体现的倍数表达法的句型是：倍数＋as...as...。
(教材原句：But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.)
5．It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. (2011·重庆，22)
A．whether B．when
C．which D．where
答案 A
解析 句意为：老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。由or not可知此处应用连接词whether，whether...or not意为“是否”。
(考查单元语法)
Ⅱ.完形、阅读——英译汉
1．Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat(节拍)． (2012·陕西·阅读B)
Alex_开始随着节拍大喊起来。
2．When we were in the middle of the lake, a strong wind came all of a sudden.The boat was hit violently. (2011·重庆·完形)
当我们在湖中央的时候，突然来了一阵大风，船剧烈晃动起来。
3．There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.
(2011·大纲全国Ⅰ·阅读A)
很多家庭和给他们送牛奶的人关系都很密切。
4．In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. (2011·重庆·阅读C)
16世纪初，人们以为皮肤上的污垢可以阻挡疾病。
Ⅲ.书面表达——汉译英
1．否则它会立刻失去平衡并最终撞向地面。(eventually) (2012·上海·书面表达)
Otherwise it will instantly lose its balance before eventually crashing into the ground.
2．就这样，我意识到同学们各自的优点并让每一个人在班级中发挥自己的作用。(thus)
(2011·湖北·短文写作)
Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.
历年高考热点：in time，violently，exist，
block out，eventually，thus等的用法。
2014考点预测：prevent，exist，remain，in one’s
turn，break out，cheer up，in time等的用法。
1
双语释义v．妨碍，制止；阻止；阻挡(stop)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①He prevented the boy from_climbing_the_tree.
他阻止了那个小男孩爬树。
②She tried_to_prevent_him_from_going，but he still went.
她试图阻止他去，但是他不听劝，还是去了。
③He said this would_prevent_companies_from_creating_new_jobs.
他说这将使公司无法创造新的工作机会。
(2)The fence is strategically sited to prevent anyone________ onto the beach.
A．to get B．getting
C．get D．got
答案 B
归纳拓展
prevent一般常与动名词搭配，后不接不定式，如表示“阻止某人
做某事”，可以说prevent sb. from doing sth.，prevent sb. doing sth
.或prevent sb.’s doing sth.，但不能说prevent sb. to do sth.。
写作句组 满分作文之佳句背诵
a．Ethan’s mother failed to keep Ethan from watching by rewarding him with cash.(2010·广东)
b．Don’t forget to bring a hat and a pair of gloves，which can prevent you from sunlight and help to pick up apples quickly. (2009·辽宁)
c．It is necessary to stop the tourists from taking photos with animals. (2009·广东)
2
双语释义vi.存在(be present)；生活，生存(live)
学情诊断
(1)用exist短语及其适当形式填空
①It was impossible for them to exist_on such a small income.
②Unfortunately，they only exist_in the fancy world.
③No one knows when such a custom first came_into_existence.
(2)There has been no________evidence to prove the________of life on other planets.
A．convincing；existence B．convinced；existence
C．convinced；exist D．convincing；exist
答案 A
解析 句意为：还没有令人信服的证据来证明其他行星上存在生命。第一空表示“令人信服的证据”；第二个空表示“生命的存在”，所以选择A项。
归纳拓展
exist in存在于……之中
exist on靠……为生
existence n.存在；生活，生活方式
come into existence产生；成立；出现，开始存在
in existence存在
易错提示
exist是不及物动词，不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时。
3
双语释义v．留下，遗留；保持不变，一直是(continue to be or exist)
学情诊断
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①After the earthquake, very little remained (remain)of the city of Tangshan.
②This problem remains to_be_solved (solve)．
③Please remain seated (seat)until the plane has come to a complete stop.
④He bought himself a gift with the remaining(remain) money.
(2)The fact ________ that we are still lagging behind the other classes in maths.
A．is remained B．is remaining
C．remains D．remained
答案 C
归纳拓展
?1?指某事“尚待、有待于以后被处置”，后面常接不定式的被动形式，
表示主语是不定式的承受者。此时它有两个固定句型如下：,sth./sb.remains
to be ＋过去分词,It remains to be seen ＋ whether引导的主语从句
?2?用作系动词，意为“仍然；依旧；留；住；待”，后面可接名词、代
词、形容词、介词短语、分词作表语。尤其是其后跟动词的v.-ed形式，
相当于形容词，指某人或某事物仍保持某种状态。
?3?remaining adj.剩余的，剩下的
4
双语释义轮到某人；接着(the time when sb. is allowed to do)
学情诊断
(1)用turn短语填空
①When it is in_my_turn，I’m too excited to speak.
②He asked each of us in_turn to describe how the Internet had affected our lives.
③Obviously mad，the poor woman laughed and cried by_turns.
(2)A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics，which ________ will promote its economic development.
A．in nature B．in return
C．in turn D．in fact
答案 C
解析 in nature本质上；in return作为回报，交换；in turn转而，继而，反过来；in fact事实上。根据句意C项正确。
归纳拓展
in turn依次；转而，继而
by turns轮流；时而……时而……
take turns ?in? doing/to do sth.轮流做某事
at every turn处处，事事，每次
in return作为回报
5
双语释义(战争、火灾等)爆发；突发(start suddenly)
学情诊断
(1)用break短语的适当形式填空
①When the fire broke_out，many workers had escaped.
②When did you break_up with your boyfriend?
③Mother and I had a discussion about how to visit Beijing and my elder brother would sometimes break_in with a suggestion.
④My brother’s bike broke_down yesterday，so he had to go to school by bus.
(2)I had no idea when World War Ⅱ ________，so I turned to my teacher for help.
A．broke down B．broke out
C．broke in D．broke away
答案 B
解析 break down(化合物)分解；出故障；(健康、精神等)垮下来；break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然爆发；break in闯入；打断；break away脱离，逃脱。
归纳拓展
break up打碎；解散；结束；开始放假；制止
break down出故障；失败；分解；?身体?垮掉
break through突破，取得突破
break away from脱离，挣脱
break in打断；闯入
break into闯入；突然开始?大笑等?
6
双语释义感到高兴；感到振奋(become more cheerful)
学情诊断
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①He was far behind the others but they were still cheering him on.
②He’ll cheer up if you get him a beer.
③I’m taking Angie out to cheer her up.
(2)________，dear！Things won’t be as bad as you think.There certainly will be chances for you.
A．Hurry up B．Look up
C．Cheer up D．Make up
答案 C
解析 cheer up振作起来，常用于鼓励对方。
归纳拓展
cheer sb./sth. up?使?高兴起来；?使?振作起来
cheer sb. on为某人加油/鼓劲
7
双语释义及时；终于(eventually)；迟早(sooner or later，early or late)
学情诊断
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①The dam was completed two years ahead of time.
②Our train arrived right on time.
③You can stay in the spare room for the time being.
④Jack got the car fixed in no time at all.
(2)完成句子
①He jumped into the river in_time_to_save_the_girl.
他跳进河里及时救起了那个女孩。
②Work hard and you’ll_succeed_in_time.
努力吧！你迟早会成功的。
归纳拓展
ahead of/behind time提前/拖后
on time准时，按时
for the time being暂时
in no time立即，马上
at no time决不
take one’s time别着急；慢慢来
make/find time抽/找时间
1
重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①Now_(that)_dinner_is_ready，wash your hands.
晚饭准备好了，洗手去吧。
②Now_(that) this is the last chance，you should catch it.既然这是最后一次机会，你应该抓住它。
(2)________ everyone is here，let’s begin our game.
A．Now that B．That
C．As if D．If
答案 A
解析 句意为：既然都来了，我们开始游戏吧。
归纳拓展
now (that)既然，相当于since，用来引导原因状语从句，
引出一个事实，主句表示说话者的一个建议或想法。
2．But when I tried to step forward， I found I was carried twice as far as
on the earth and fell over.
但是当我试图向前走时，我发现自己被带出了在地球上的两倍远并摔倒在地。
学情诊断
(1)一句多译
线段A是线段B的三倍长。
①Line_A_is_three_times_as_long_as_Line_B.
②Line_A_is_three_times_the_length_of_Line_B.
③Line_A_is_twice_longer_than_Line_B.
(2)单项填空
①Americans eat________vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A．more than twice
B．as twice as many
C．twice as many as
D．more than twice as many
答案 D
解析 倍数加在as...as...结构第一个as之前。
②Paper produced every year is________the world’s production of vehicles.
A．the three weight of
B．three times the weight of
C．as three times heavy as
D．three times as heavier as
答案 B
解析 考查倍数＋the＋n.＋of...的用法。
归纳拓展
倍数的表达方式：
(1)“A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，
表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(2)“A＋be＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，
表示“A比B……多少倍”。
(3)“A＋be＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width，etc.＋of＋B”，
表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句。
3
学情诊断
用主语从句改写下列句子
(1)She left him something that cut him to the heart.
→What_she_left_him cut him to the heart.
(2)Something that seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
→What_seems_easy_to_some_people seems difficult to others.
(3)Is he coming or not？It is still uncertain.
→It is still uncertain whether_he_is_coming_or_not.
(4)Why did he do it？It remains a mystery.
→Why_he_did_it remains a mystery.
(5)Something controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.It is pretty well understood.
→It is pretty well understood that_something_controls_the_flow_of_carbon_dioxide_in_and_
outthe_atmosphere_today.
Ⅰ.根据英文释义写出下列单词
1．lessen：to become or make sth. become smaller，weaker，etc.
2．multiply：to increase or make sth. increase very much in number
3．exist：to live，especially in a difficult situation
4．unlike：different from a person or thing
5．atmosphere：the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．They are violently(violent) opposed to the idea.
2．Fruit juices can be harmful(harm) to children’s teeth.
3．I find her exhausting(exhaust)—she never stops talking.
4．According to the theory(theory) of relativity，nothing can travel faster than light.
5．The teacher’s explanation clarified the puzzling(puzzle) problems.
Ⅲ.词义猜测或句意理解题——用本单元词汇或句式替换划线部分
1．Water is_necessary_for life.is_fundamental_to
2．There once was a beautiful temple here.existed
3．She became_happy immediately she heard the news.cheered_up
4．Since you’ve got a chance, you may as well make full use of it.Now_that
5．A quarrel happened between them and they broke up.broke_out
Ⅳ.微写作(14)
写作素材
1．恐龙在地球上存活了好多年。
2．他们生下小恐龙，温暖的气候使他们迅速繁殖。
3．可惜，他们未能制止自己的消失。
4．此后人类就开始统治这个地球。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Dinosaurs existed on the earth for a long time.They gave birth to young babies and the warm climate helped them multiply quickly.Sadly, they couldn’t prevent themselves from disappearing and then it was the turn of the humans to control the earth.
Ⅴ.微语法(14)——主语从句
(课外拓展——一个单元突破一个语法点)
1．Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter ________ you have lived there for a short or a long time. (2012·湖南，26)
A．why B．how C．whether D．when
答案 C
解析 根据结构词or就很容易断定：whether...or。句意为：村里的每个人都很友好。不论你在那里住的时间长还是短都没有关系。
2．It suddenly occurred to him________he had left his keys in the office. (2012·江西，25)
A．whether B．where C．which D．that
答案 D
解析 此句考查It occurs/occurred to sb. that...(想到；想起)句型。that这里是作主语从句的连接词。
3．It doesn’t matter________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park. (2012·天津，9)
A．whether B．how
C．if D．when
答案 A
解析 句意为：在这个十字路口你向左或向右转弯都没有关系，因为两条路都通向公园。题干中it作形式主语，所以所选的连接词在句中引导主语从句。whether引导名词性从句表示“是否”之意，而且题干中出现了关键信息词or。whether...or...表示“是……还是……”。if引导名词性从句也表示“是否”，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等只能用whether而不能用if。
4．It is by no means clear________the president can do to end the strike. (2012·大纲全国Ⅰ，24)
A．how B．which
C．that D．what
答案 D
解析 it是形式主语，空格后是一个主语从句，从句中的谓语动词do缺少宾语，此处所填单词既要引导主语从句，又在从句中作宾语，四个选项中有此功能的只有what。句意为：总统能做什么事情来结束这场罢工根本不为人所知。
5．________Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. (2011·北京，22)
A．Which B．What
C．That D．Whom
答案 B
解析 句意为：芭芭拉·琼斯为其粉丝带来的是诚实和幸福。分析主语从句可知，句中缺少宾语成分，故选项B正确。which哪一个；that不在从句中担当任何成分；whom指人，都不符合要求
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