Book 8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)
1．alternative adj.供选择的→have no alternative but to do sth.＝have no choice but to do sth.只好做某事
2．interrupt vt. & vi.打断；打岔→cut in/break in插话
3．regardless of不管；不顾→in spite of尽管
4．at most至多；最多→at least至少
5．cut up切碎；使难过→cut off 砍下→cut out裁剪出
6．significance n．意义；意思→be of great significance重要的
7．look ahead向前看；为将来打算→go ahead继续向前；往下说
8．arrest vt. & n．逮捕；吸引→get arrested被捕→arrest one’s attention抓住……的注意力
9．date back追溯到……→date from追溯到
Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)
1．starve v．挨饿→starvation n．挨饿；饿死
2．accurate adj.准确的→accuracy n．精确；准确
3．sharp adj.锋利的→sharpen vi. & vt.(使)锋利→sharpener n．磨具
4．botany n．植物学→botanical adj.植物学的
5．analyze vt.分析→analysis n．分析
6．ripe adj.成熟的→ripen vt. & vi.使……成熟
7．system n．系统→systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的
8．divide vt.分开→division n．划分
9．accelerate vi. & vt.加速→acceleration n．加速
10．skill n．技巧→skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的
Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)
1．The primitive(原始的) building dates back(追溯到……) to 1,000 years ago and it is of great historical significance(意义)．
2．Dear Mr. Smith, I’m sorry to say I’m fed up with(无法容忍) you keeping interrupting(打断) me when I’m working. I have no alternative(选择) but to move out.
3．All kids are welcome in our kindergarten(幼儿园)，regardless of(不管) their age, sex and background. But remember we only admit 300 at most(最多)．
4．Sharpen(削磨) your knife and cut up(切碎) the onion.
5．After being hidden for 5 days，starvation(饥饿) drove the murderer out and soon he got arrested(逮捕)．People applauded(鼓掌) at the news.
Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)
After accurate analysis，the archaeologist tentatively assumed that the newly-found hammer and spear dated back to 2000 BC.
Ⅴ.课文原句背诵
1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.
见到你们这些来自英国的对考古学感兴趣的学生真是件高兴的事。
2．If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
3．She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，” Father suggested to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem. (2012·湖北，26)
A．tentatively B．thoughtlessly
C．definitely D．rudely
答案 A
解析 句意为：“看来我们要请史密斯博士来看看我们对此如何处理，”父亲对来讨论此问题的邻居试探性地建议说。A项“试探性地”，符合语境。B项意为“欠考虑地”；C项意为“明确地”；D项意为“粗鲁地”，都与语境不符。
(教材原句：Make a tentative guess about what Peking Man may have done and...)
2．George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he .
(2012·北京，25)
A．wouldn’t B．didn’t
C．hasn’t D．hadn’t
答案 B
解析 句意为：乔治说他第二天会来学校看我，但是他没来。前一个分句的谓语动词said为一般过去时，空格处与said并列作后一分句的谓语，故选一般过去时didn’t。
(考查单元语法)
3．After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading，only to be told that it .
(2012·安徽，35)
A．was decorated B．had decorated
C．had been decorating D．was being decorated
答案 D
解析 句意为：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显然是“被装修”，应使用被动语态。故排除B、C两项。根据语境可知，是“正在装修，尚未完成”，故选D项。本题易错选A项。这里涉及一般过去时与过去进行时的区别，前者表示“已完成”，后者为“正在进行或尚未完成”。根据句意，装修是“正在进行，尚未完成”。
(考查单元语法)
4．When Alice came to，she did not know how long she there.
(2011·新课标全国，29)
A．had been lying B．has been lying
C．was lying D．has lain
答案 A
解析 句意为：当艾丽斯醒来时，她不知道自己在那儿躺了多久。根据时态一致的原则，可排除B、D两项；由she did not know how long...可知应用过去完成进行时，表示持续发生的动作。
(考查单元语法)
5． you eat the correct foods be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
(2008·江苏，33)
A．Only if；will you B．Only if；you will
C．Unless；will you D．Unless；you will
答案 A
解析 句意为：只有吃适当的食物，你才能够保持健康。only if位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装形式。
(教材原句：If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！)
Ⅱ.完形、阅读——英译汉
1．I felt upset.I thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not gappy(有缺口的)． (2012·湖南·完形)
我感到沮丧。我觉得如果我的牙齿没有缺口的话，我的生活会更好。
2．In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence. (2012·浙江·阅读C)
今天，在我们国家， 对儿童和青少年的生命最大的威胁不是疾病、饥饿或遗弃，而是暴力的存在。
3．We need alternative energy badly. (2011·北京·阅读D)
我们急需可替代能源。
4．When it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. (2011·湖北·阅读A)
当说到药物，我认为重要的是总要对病人诚实。
Ⅲ.书面表达——汉译英
1．通过这个故事，我坚信了诚实的重要性，它将有助于建立一个温暖与和谐的社会。(significance) (2012·湖南·书面表达)
From this story, I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
2．当你读书时能获得心灵的平静难道不是一件高兴的事吗？(pleasure)(2012·江西·书面表达)
Isn’t it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading?
历年高考热点：tentatively，if only，somehow，
starvation，alternative，assume，significance，pleasure等的用法。
2014考点预测：alternative，assume，regardless，significance，at
most，be fed up with，look ahead，date back等的用法。
1
双语释义n．可供选择的事物(a thing that one can choose)；adj.可供替代的(that can be used instead of)；非传统的，另类的(different from the usual and traditional way)
学情诊断
(1)翻译句子
①你有没有解决这个问题的别的办法？
Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?
②除了继续下去，我们别无选择。
We have no alternative but to go on.
(2)You have the of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being unsuccessful.
A．selection B．choice
C．alternative D．option
答案 C
解析 alternative抉择；取舍，指在两者之间做出选择；selection挑选；精选；choice一般意义上的选择；option选择权。
归纳拓展
an alternative to...……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事
There is no alternative...别无选择
alternative energy替代性能源
alternatively adv.要不；或者
思考 你还知道“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达方式吗？
have no choice but to do sth.，have nothing to do but do sth.
2
双语释义v．假定；假设；认为(suppose)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①Assuming that the advice is accepted，when are we going to get the money?
假设这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？
②I have always assumed her to be a teacher.
我一直认为她是一位教师。
③It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
人们普遍认为，紧张是由工作过重所致。
(2)We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon that the others agree.
A．to assume B．assumed
C．assume D．assuming
答案 D
解析 句意为：假定其他人都同意的话，我们今天下午就去野餐。assuming假定，引导条件状语从句。
归纳拓展
assume...to be...认为……是；假定……是
assume that...假定……；认为……
assuming that...假定……?引导条件状语从句?
It is assumed that...人们认为……
assumption n.假定；假设
3
双语释义adv.不管怎样；无论如何(paying no attention)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①Regardless of danger, he climbed the pagoda.
他不顾危险地爬上了高塔。
②He says what he thinks，regardless of other people’s feelings.
他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的感受。
③They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining.
尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。
(2) what his parents think，he is leaving home for a new job in Shenzhen.
A．Instead of B．In terms of
C．Lack of D．Regardless of
答案 D
解析 句意为：不管父母怎样想，他将离家到深圳去寻找一份新工作。regardless of不管，不顾。
归纳拓展
regardless of不顾；不管
regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实
with/in regard to关于……
regard...as...把……当作……
regarding prep.关于；至于
in spite of ＝despite虽然，尽管
4
双语释义n．(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性；意义(importance)；意思，含义(meaning)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①Our boss urged on us the significance of punctuality.
老板向我们强调守时的重要性。
②It has major historical significance.
它有着重大的历史意义。
③The meeting is greatly significant/of great significance.这个会议有很重要的意义。
(2)The conference to be held in Beijing is of .
A．much important B．very significant
C．great significance D．very importance
答案 C
归纳拓展
be significant＝be of significance有重要的意义
be of no significance无意义/不重要
significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的
signification n.意思；意义
5
双语释义至多；最多；不超过(at the most；not more than)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①The little girl was seven at most.
这个小女孩至多七岁。
②At least people should not smoke in public.
人们至少不应该在公共场所吸烟。
③Really，I’m not in the least tired.
说真的，我一点也不累。
(2)By 1997，at the time of the last reliable sighting，scientists estimated that， ，only about 17 of the 6-foot-long Yangtze River dolphins remained.
A．or so B．at most
C．in all D．at least
答案 B
解析 only about 17 of the 6-foot-long Yangtze River dolphins remained指白鳍豚的最大数量，因此用at most“至多”。
归纳拓展
at least＝at the least至少；最少
not in the least一点也不，丝毫不
6
双语释义受够了；饱受；厌烦(be bored with)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①People are fed up with all these traffic jams.
人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。
②Owls feed on mice and other small animals.
猫头鹰以老鼠和其他小动物为食。
(2)用feed短语的适当形式填空
Usually we feed children on/with milk.That’s to say，we often feed milk to our children.At last this makes them fed up with it.
归纳拓展
be tired of厌烦……
feed sb./sth. on/with sth.用……喂……
feed sth. to sb./sth.把……喂给……
feed on?动物?以……为食
7
双语释义向前看；为将来打算(think about what is going to happen in the future)
学情诊断
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)Have you looked ahead to your future？What are you going to be?
(2)When I look back on those days I feel I was desperately unhappy.
(3)Do look out for spelling mistakes in your work.
(4)We looked over the house again before we decided to rent it.
归纳拓展
look back ?on/at sth.?回忆，回顾
look on...as...把……看作……
look out ?for sth.?提防；留心防备
look over查看；检查
look up to sb.尊敬某人
look down upon瞧不起
look into调查,look into one’s eyes看着某人的眼睛
图解助记
8
双语释义追溯到；始于；自……至今(后接一段时间)(date from)
学情诊断
(1)同义词语替换
This church dates back to the 13th century.dates from
(2)一句多译
这座石桥已有3 000年历史了。
①This stone bridge dates back 3,000 years.
②This stone bridge dates from/back to 3,000 years ago.
③This stone bridge has a history of 3,000 years.
归纳拓展
date from/back to追溯到；始于；自……至今?后接表过去的时间?
to date迄今为止,up to date最新的；现代的
out of date过时的；废弃的
make/have a date with sb.与某人约定某个时间；与某人约会
set/fix a date ?for sth.?确定一个日期?子?
1.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①If only it could be just like last year!
要是能跟去年那样该有多好呀！
②If only I had seen the book!
要是我看过那本书就好了！
(2)单项填空
①—Sorry，Daddy. I am not getting on well with my studies.
—Well. you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games.
A．As if B．Even if
C．If only D．Only if
答案 C
②How I wish I my mouth before I shouted at my mum!
A．shut B．have shut
C．had shut D．would shut
答案 C
归纳拓展
?1?if only...意为“但愿，要是……就好了”。常用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此主要用于虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。表示现在的愿望用过去时；表示过去的愿望用过去完成时；表示将来的愿望用“would/could＋动词原形”。
?2?wish后跟从句用虚拟语气，和if only用法相似。
写作句组 满分作文之佳句背诵
a．Only if we smile at others will we do everything smoothly.(2009·福建)
b．Only by clicking simply can we complete a lot of operations.(2009·江苏)
c．Tell them only if they trust us would we like to trust them.(2009·安徽)
2
突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①He went to swim in the river nearby，never to come back again.
他去附近的河里游泳，结果再也没有回来。
②The man hurriedly returned home，only to find he had left his key in the office.
这个人匆匆忙忙地回到家，结果发现他把钥匙落在办公室了。
(2)He hurried to the booking office，only that all the tickets had been sold out.
A．to tell B．to be told
C．telling D．told
答案 B
解析 由句意可知，此处应是“结果被告知”；only to do...作结果状语，由于he和tell之间为动宾关系，故选B项。
归纳拓展
only to do“不料……，反而……，结果却……?通常表示否定的结果?”
是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况，有时前面也可不加
only；而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然、必然的结果。
3
学情诊断
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)I have been sitting (sit) here all the afternoon.
(2)She has been sweeping (sweep) the street all day.She is too tired.
(3)We have been waiting (wait) for you for two hours.We don’t want to wait any longer.
(4)He has been collecting (collect) all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old.
(5)He hasn’t been teaching (not，teach) here these years.
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．They were interrupted by a knock at the door.
2．She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front.
3．She is quite skilful at dealing with difficult customers.
4．He had no alternative but to accept the offer.
5．The officer deleted his name from the list.
6．We applauded him for his courage.
7．The meeting started at 7∶00 sharp.
8．The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
Ⅱ.词义猜测或句意理解题——用本单元词汇或句式替换划线部分
1．They lived in these caves，though it was very cold.regardless of the cold
2．His clean shoes caught my attention.arrested
3．The temple was built 700 years ago.dates back to
4．I can’t stand his complaint.am fed up with
5．He was very sad at the news of his father’s illness.cut up
Ⅲ.微写作(40)
写作素材
1．尽管又冷又苦，教授还是来给我们做了一场很有意义的报告。
2．这场报告是关于怎样帮助贫困人的。
3．他的报告不断赢得同学们的掌声。
4．如果我们有足够的时间为落后地区的人做点什么，我们将会加速那里的发展。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Regardless of the cold and hardships, the professor came to give a significant speech about what we could do for poor people.He was interrupted by the applauding of the students.Assuming that we all have ample time to do something for the primitive areas, we’ll accelerate the development there.
Ⅳ.微语法(40)——现在完成进行时
(课外拓展——一个单元突破一个语法点)
1．In order to find the missing child，villagers all they can over the past five hours.
(2012·安徽，26)
A．did B．do
C．had done D．have been doing
答案 D
解析 句意为：为了找到丢失的孩子，在过去的5个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切。over the past five hours通常与完成时连用，可排除A、B两项。再结合can为现在时，可知在过去到现在的这段时间里村民们一直在寻找，并有可能继续找下去，因此，符合现在完成进行时的使用条件。故选D项。
2．The manager the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ，18)
A．has told B．is telling
C．has been telling D．will have told
答案 C
解析 句意为：经理从上午9点开始就一直在告诉工人们如何改善这个项目。since引导的时间状语多与完成时连用，而且此句强调从上午九点开始到现在，经理“一直”在说，符合现在完成进行时的语法规则。
3．Mother wanted to be a good provider，a role she since her marriage to Father.
(2010·江西，30)
A．shoulders B．shouldered
C．is shouldering D．has been shouldering
答案 D
解析 句意为：母亲想成为一名优秀的养家糊口之人，这是她自从嫁给父亲之后一直在担当的角色。since表示“从……一直到现在”，并且这一动作还将持续下去，故此处的时态为现在完成进行时。
4．—Why，Jack，you look so tired!
—Well，I the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. (2010·江苏，23)
A．was painting B．will be painting
C．have painted D．have been painting
答案 D
解析 句意为：——哎呀，杰克，你看上去很疲倦！——噢，我一直在粉刷房子，明天必须完工。由句意可知paint这一动作一直延续到tomorrow，故用现在完成进行时。
5．It for two days，when will it stop？I am eager to go out.
A．has rained B．has been raining
C．rains D．has been rained
答案 B
解析 由语境可知此句应该用现在完成进行时。
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