必修1
Unit 4 Earthquakes
要 点 梳 理 高效梳理·知识备考
●重点单词
1．burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂，爆发
2．event n．事件；大事
3．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的，民族的→nationality n．国籍
4．ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
5．suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer v．受苦，遭受
6．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.
7．injure vt.损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害，损害
8．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
9．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n．使用，利用
10．shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊
11．rescue n. & vt.援救；营救
12．trap vt.使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境
13．electricity n．电；电流；电学→electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
14．disaster n．灾难；灾祸
15．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
16．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
17．damage n. & vt.损失；损害
18．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
19．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．判断，判决
20．express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→expression n．表达→expressive adj.有表现力的
●重点短语
1．right away立刻
2．at an end 结束
3．in ruins 成为废墟
4．dig out 掘出；发现
5．a(great) number of 许多；大量的
6．give out 分发；发出(气味、热等)
7．thousands of 成千上万
8．think little of 不重视；不假思索
9．blow away 吹走；刮走
10．be proud of 以……而自豪
11．instead of 代替
12．be trapped in 陷入……之中
13．be known for/as 因为/作为……出名
14．bring in 引进；引来
●重点句型
1．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。
2．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！
3．All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
高考范文
(2009·湖南卷)
假设你是某中学新老师李红，请给你的朋友张华写一封信，告诉他你第一天上课的情况，主要内容如下：
1． 描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；
2． 介绍你处理该事的方式；
3． 谈谈你的感想。
注意：1. 词数不少于120个；
2．可适当发挥想象，增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息。
_______________________________________
_____________________________________
[思路点拨]
本文需要考生发挥想象，适当增加内容，写作的自由空间比较大。文章应包含以下要点：
1．描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；
2．介绍你处理该事的方式；
3．谈谈你的感想；
4．注意词数是不少于120。
[范文]
Dear Zhanghua，
Long time no see! I miss you very much. Now I am so excited that I can't wait to share with you an unforgettable experience. I gave my first lesson today, which left me a deep impression.
Seeing a young teacher enter the classroom, my students began to make more noise. I stood on the platform, feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do. Then I realized something must be done. I asked the kids whether they liked English songs. After taking a deep breath, I sang a song I had practised many times. To my surprise, all the kids were concentrating on my class later on.
How delighted I am now! Actually, whatever happens, we must stay calm first and then find a wise solution. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hong
考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来
burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然……起来；突然发作
burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech
突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来
burst out crying/singing/laughing
突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来
burst in 闯入
burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支
be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)
at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下
a burst of anger 怒火的迸发
[即学即练1] (1)She burst out ______ for a while, and burst into ______ for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。
(2)We all thought his heart would burst ______ ___________________.
我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。
(3)The police ____________ and arrested the gang.
警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。
crying
laughter
with
happiness
burst in
(4)Tom is bursting ____________ his mother.
汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。
(5)There was __________________ laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
to see
a burst of
2．ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃[C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹
v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭
in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
be the ruin of 成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因
come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉
bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉
[即学即练2](1)Drink was his father's ______ and it will be the ______of him too.
酗酒是他父亲失败的原因，他也将遭同样的厄运。
(2)Years of fighting have left the area ___________.
多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
(3)A large number of churches __________________ after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。
(4)The heavy rain __________________.
大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。
(5)If you go on like this, you'll ____________.
如果你继续这样下去，你会自己毁了自己。
ruin
ruin
in ruins
fell to ruin
ruined our holiday
ruin yourself
3．injure vt. 损害，伤害
injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害
injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的
do an injury to sb.伤害某人
the injured伤员
an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情
injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感
[即学即练3](1)The boy ______ his leg.
这个男孩把腿弄伤了。
(2)Your remark may ______ her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
(3)I didn't mean to ______ her ____________.
我并未打算伤害她。
injured
injure
do
an injury
4．shock n. [U；C]打击；震惊；震动；休克
vt. 使震惊，使惊愕
be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊
be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事
It shocked sb. to see/hear...
看见/听到……使某人震惊。
(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击
[即学即练4] (1)The news of his wife's death was ________________________ him.
他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。
(2)He __________________ her smoking.
看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。
(3)__________________ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。
a terrible shock to
was shocked at
It shocked me
提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)
shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)
5．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
bury oneself in study 埋头研究
bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事
be buried in thoughts 沉思
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
be buried alive 被活埋；隐居
[即学即练5] (1)He was sitting with his head ______in a book.他坐着埋头看书。
(2)He walked slowly, his hands ______ in his pockets.
他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。
(3)After the divorce, she __________________ her work.离婚后，她埋头于工作。
buried
buried
buried herself in
提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。
6．judge v. 断定；判断；判决
n. 裁判员；法官；评判员
judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力
judging by/from 从……上看，根据……判断
judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法
[即学即练6] (1)Don't ______ a book ______ its cover.
勿以貌取人。
(2)______________ his accent, he must be a southerner.
根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。
(3)He ________________________ the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。
judge
by
Judging from/by
Was judged to be
7．right away立刻，马上
(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语
without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time
/right off
(2)比较right away/right now
right away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。
right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now
的语气强，相当于at this very moment。
[即学即练7] (1)I want it to be sent ____________.
马上把它发出去。
(2)He cleaned the room ____________.
他立即开始打扫房间。
(3)He’s not in the office ____________.
他现在不在办公室。
right away
right away
right now
8．at an end 终止；结束
bring...to an end (使)结束，终止
come to an end 结束，终止
at the end of 在……尽头(末)
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)
on end 一连，连续
to the end 到底
without end 没完没了
make ends meet 收支相抵
[即学即练8] (1)The year is __________________.
这一年已到年终了。
(2)The meeting ________________________.
会议结束了。
(3)Go straight and you’ll find the hospital
________________________ the road.
一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。
(4)They argued for two hours ____________.
他们一连辩论了两个小时。
at an end
came to an end
at the end of
on end
9．a (great) number of 许多；大量的
a large/great/good number of
a great/good many
a good few
quite a few＋可数名词复数
many a more than one＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词
a great/good deal of
a great/large amount of
quite a little＋不可数名词
a lot/lots of
a great/large quantity of
large quantities of
plenty of＋可数名词复数
或不可数名词
[即学即练9] (1)There ______ (be) a great number of books in the shelves.
(2)The number of guests invited ______ (be) 50, but a number of them ______ (be) absent for the heavy rain.
(3)Quantities of water ______ (be) polluted now.
(4)A great deal of oil ______ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.
(5)Many a famous writer ______(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper.
are
was
were
are
was
is
提示：(1)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
the number of 是“……的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。
(2)large quantities of ＋(pl.)/[U]做主语，谓语动词用复数。
large amounts of＋[U] n．做主语，谓语动词用复数。
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．It seemed as if the world was at an end!
世界似乎到了末日！
It seems (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)似乎……
＝Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done...
It seems as if/though... “似乎(好像)……”，可接虚拟语气。
seem＋(to be)＋n./adj. 似乎是……
There seems to be... 好像有……
It seems so. (＝So it seems.) 似乎是那样。
①It seemed that he had known the truth.＝He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。
②His father seems (to be) strict.
他父亲似乎很严厉。
③There seemed to be a voice in the distance.
似乎远处有人说话。
④It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。
辨析：seem/look/appear
(1)seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。
(2)look 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接 as if从句，不接 that从句。
(3)appear 强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接 that从句，不接 as if从句。
[即境活用1]—What a noise! I can hardly stand it.
—It ______ as if they are having a party next door.
A．looks B．seems
C．appears D．happens
解析：C、D项不接 as if从句。A项不合题意。考查 It seems as if...句式。
答案：B
2．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。
too...to... 句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否定)”，可转化为 not...enough to...和 so...that...。
The child is too young to dress himself.
The child is not old enough to dress himself.
The child is so young that he can't dress himself.
这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。
提示：(1)当 too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious时，to 后的动词表示肯定。例如：
The book is too easy to understand.
这本书太容易理解了。
He was too anxious to leave.
他急于离开。
(2)too...not to... 句式表示肯定意思。例如：
He is too careful not to have noticed it.
他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。
(3)too...to...中 too前面用了否定词(如 never)时，表示肯定。例如：
It is never too late to mend.
改过不嫌晚。
(4)only too...to...表示肯定，其中 too后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，如 good, kind, true等。例如：
The girl is only too kind to help us.
这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。
[即境活用2] Jim is a kind boy. He is ______willing to help his classmates.
A．so B．such
C．much D．too
解析：too＋glad/pleased/willing...to...表示肯定意义。如用A项应改为 so...as to才对。
答案：D
3．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
此句为部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。
①All that glitters is not gold.
发光的并不一定都是金子。
②Both of the brothers don't like the film.
兄弟俩不都喜欢这部电影。
③Not everything went well with him.
他并非每件事情都顺利。
④Not all of the rich are happy.
不是所有有钱人都幸福。
⑤The rich are not always happy.
有钱人并非总是幸福。
⑥You can't fool all the people all the time.
你未必总是能愚弄所有的人。
拓展：全部否定用：no one, none, neither, nobody, nothing，以及 not...any/either来表示。
①None of them are right. 他们都不对。
②Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。
③Nobody can win me. 没人能赢我。
[即境活用3] (1)—The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it?
—No, but I don't believe ______could pass it.
A．somebody B．anybody
C．everybody D．nobody
解析：not与 everybody 连用表示部分否定。
答案：C
(2)(2008·全国Ⅰ)—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn't like ______.
A．both of them B．either of them
C．none of them D．neither of them
解析：not... either＝neither 表示全部否定。
答案：B
易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考
1. ruin/destroy/damage
(1)ruin n. & vt. 表示破坏严重，强调渐渐毁坏了，多指不属于人为因素毁坏某事物，而是自然现象或客观原因改变。有“(使)破产，(使)毁灭”等意思。
(2)destroy vt. 指彻底毁坏，以致不能修复，常作“破坏，毁灭”解，还有“打破(希望、计划)”之意。
(3)damage n．&v. 表示使事物在价值、效用、外观等方面受到毁坏、损害，即部分受损，程度比 destroy 轻。
[应用1] (1)The car was only slightly __________ in the accident.
这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。
(2)That will _________ the reputation of our products.
那会毁了我们产品的声誉。
(3)The crops are nearly ______ by the continuous rain.
连续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些农作物。
damaged
destroy
ruined
2. injure/wound/hurt/harm
injure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也可以表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。
wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。
hurt 是一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感；还可表示“疼、痛”。
harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可。有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。
[应用2] (1)The robber ___________ him with a knife.
那强盗用刀刺伤了他。
(2)These criticisms have ___________ his pride deeply.
这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。
(3)Two people have been badly ______ in the accident.
有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。
(4)Don't ______ your eyes by reading in dim light.
不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。
wounded
hurt/injured
injured
harm
高 效 作 业 自我测评·技能备考
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________________(祝贺) to you on your winning the contest.
2．Thousands of people died in the __________(灾难)．
3．His sudden death was a great _________ (震惊) to his family.
4．He was one of the ________(裁判员) at the boxing match.
5．The car was ___________(陷入) in the mud and couldn't get out.
Congratulations
disaster
shock
judges
trapped
6．The firemen r__________ three women from the burning house.
7．They are in desperate need of food, clothing and s_____________.
8．Don't leave the lights on—it wastes e___________
9．The miners were b___________ alive when the tunnel collapsed.
10．He was too nevous to e__________ himself in front of the girl.
rescued
shelter
electricity
buried
express
Ⅱ .单项选择
1．—Have you heard of D．P.R. Korea's nuclear test?
—Yes, ______ news came as ______shock to me.
A．the; a B．the; the
C．a; a D．a; the
答案：A
解析：考查冠词。第一空特指上文的消息用 the；第二空用a表示“一个震惊”。
2．Before the firemen arrived, the whole wooden building had already been ______ in the big fire.
A．injured B．wounded
C．damaged D．destroyed
答案：D
解析：表示“房屋被烧毁”用 destroy。
3．—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
—You can never be ______ careful in the street.
A．much B．very
C．so D．too
答案：D
解析：考查 never...too...表示“再……也不为过；越……越好”。
4．At least 203 miners were killed, 22 ______ and 13 ______ in a coal mine gas explosion on Monday afternoon in Fuxin.
A．injuring; trapping B．injured; trapped
C．injured; trapping D．injuring; trapped
答案：B
解析：考查过去分词。两空都与 were killed并列，故填过去分词形式。
5．______ the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.
A．Judged from B．Having judged from
C．Judging from D．After having judged from
答案：C
解析：judging from为固定用法，“从……判断”的意思。
6．(2010·山东潍坊质量监测)Her books were all over the dining table, ______ meant we had to eat in the kitchen.
A．which B．what
C．that D．it
答案：A
解析：考查定语从句。语意为：她的书摆满了餐桌，这就意味着我们必须在厨房吃饭了。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，代替主句所表达的整个内容。故选A项。
7．(2010·四川绵阳中学)When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst ______ laughing while he burst ______ tears.
A．into; in B．into; out
C．out; into D．out; in
答案：C
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。burst out laughing表示“突然大笑起来”，burst into tears表示“突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配。
8．His head was ______ in the book he was reading.
A．devoted B．addicted
C．buried D．absorbed
答案：C
解析：bury oneself/one’s head in“埋头于，专心于”。be addicted to＝be devoted to＝be absorbed in“专心于”，其主语皆为人。
9．This year an increased number of drivers ______ for driving after drinking.
A．have punished B．have been punished
C．has punished D．has been punished
答案：B
解析：“a number of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数，此句中应用被动语态。
10．The tsunami killed ______ people in South and Southeast Asia.
A．ten thousands B．ten thousands of
C．tens of thousand D．tens of thousands of
答案：D
解析：tens of thousands of 意为“数以万计的”。
11．There seems ______something wrong with the car. I can't start it.
A．as if B．that
C．to be D．to have
答案：C
解析：考查 seem的用法，用在 there be句型中，故用 There seems to be...
12．He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
A．until B．when
C．before D．as
答案：C
解析：考查 before 引导时间状语从句。
13．(2010·福建六校三联)On Christmas Eve, the English evening ______ singing the song The Unforgettable Tonight.
A．came up B．drew up
C．ran up D．ended up
答案：D
解析：考查动词词组辨析。come up“出现，发生”；draw up“起草”；run up“积欠(债务等)”；end up“结束”。语意：圣诞前夜，英语晚会以歌曲《难忘今宵》结束。因此，D项正确。
14．______ he is doing an operation on the patient; please don’t disturb him.
A．Right away B．Right now
C．In no time D．At once
答案：B
解析：四个短语都有“立即，马上”之意，但right now还有“现在，此时此刻”之意。句意为：他目前正在给病人做手术，请不要打扰他。
15．We can’t have lunch at the restaurant, because ______.
A．all of us don’t have money
B．not all of us have money
C．everyone of us don’t have money
D．none of us has money
答案：D
解析：考查部分否定与全部否定。A、B、C均为部分否定，D项为全部否定，据题意选D。
Ⅲ .阅读理解
A
Last year, I lived in Chile for half a year. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities of any Chilean teenager. I had good days and bad days I didn't understand.
Chuquicamata, my host community, is a mining camp. When I arrived there, I was scared. It was so different from what I was used to. There were lots of dogs on the streets, and there was no downtown, few smoothly paved streets, and little to do for entertainment. Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.
I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was only able to communicate and needed one person to whom I could explain my shock. I couldn't speak the thoughts in my head and there were so many.
Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲). I was required to overcome all the difficulties.
As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food. I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took math, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy.
But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain. I learned how to accept and to succeed in another culture. I now have a deeper understanding of both myself and others.
1. The author went to Chile last year with the purpose of ______.
A. paying a visit to Chile as a tourist
B. experiencing Chilean life as a teacher
C. studying Chilean culture as a college student
D. studying knowledge as an exchange student
答案及解析：
1. D。细节理解题。综合第三段的“I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class.”和第四段的“Most exchange students experience this like me.”可判断作者是一名交换生。
2. On arriving in Chile, why did the author feel frightened?
A. Because he did not know how to get along with the local people.
B. Because it was full of dangers like earthquakes and windstorms.
C. Because its living conditions were worse than what he was used to.
D. Because it was not convenient for him to shop there.
答案及解析：
2．C。细节理解题。文章第二段提到：“It was so different from what I was used to.” 再从街道环境、购物环境、娱乐设施、自然条件等方面描写智利比较差的生活条件，由此可知作者是因为智利生活条件比他原先习惯的生活差许多而产生恐惧心理。
3. In the first week in Chile the author ______.
A. was not used to eating Chilean food
B. had some friends to have a chat with
C. couldn't communicate with people
D. couldn't express his thoughts in English
答案及解析：
3．A。细节理解题。来到智利的第一周，作者还在承受着culture shock 的痛苦，综合第四段“Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲)．”和第五段的“As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food.” 可判断，不习惯智利的饮食是作者来到智利的第一周出现的。
4. What did the author most probably think of his life in Chile?
A. Wonderful and worthwhile.
B. Difficult but meaningful.
C. Difficult and meaningless.
D. Boring and disappointing.
答案及解析：
4．B。推理判断题。综合第四段的“I was required to overcome all the difficulties.”和最后一段“But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain.”可知，作者最有可能会认为自己在智利的生活不容易， 但尽管如此还是很有意义的，因为它让作者学到了很多东西。
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Chile is true?
A. Its official language is Spanish and English.
B. It is a developing country without foreign students.
C. It seldom rains and natural disasters often happen.
D. Most Chileans are not friendly to foreigners.
答案及解析：
5．C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.” 可判断C项正确。
B
It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.
The crux of Mr Brown's proposals is related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.
He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example, breast cancer. In Britain there are 200 000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about.
Initially, the diagnostic (诊断的) tests will be available for those who are vulnerable,or most likely to have the disease. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery (动脉), a condition which kills 3 000 men a year.
The opposition have criticized Mr Brown's proposals, saying that they are just a trick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for the changes. They also say that Mr Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them.
The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pay more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare, because it's much quicker. NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care themselves.
6. The underlined word “vulnerable” in the fourth paragraph probably means ______.
A. sick B. weak
C. wounded D. old
答案及解析：
6．B。词义猜测题。根据其后一句or most likely to have the disease可知此处为“体弱者”。
7. All the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______.
A. all people should pay for their healthcare at the NHS
B. some people are against the reform of the healthcare
C. the writer is likely to come from Britain
D. more money will be spent on testing people than before
答案及解析：
7．A。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，能够负担得起费用的人们常常自己花钱去看病，这也就是说人们本来可以不用花钱的。故选项A不正确，为答案。选项B根据文章倒数第二段可知，反对党对这个建议进行了批判；选项C根据文章第一段最后一句可知；选项D根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可反推出来。
8. Which of the following is the reason for the increasing private healthcare?
A. People are paying more attention to their own health.
B. People are well－off enough to pay their healthcare.
C. The NHS was not available for most of the people.
D. It's not so convenient for people to go to the NHS for their healthcare.
答案及解析：
8．D。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，人们自己掏钱看病的原因是因为在NHS的等待时间太长，所以对人们来说不方便，故答案为D。
9. According to the passage, the purpose of the health reform plan in the UK is to ______.
A. encourage more private healthcare
B. focus on the prevention rather than on curing the patient
C. deal with the main artery problems
D. fight against the opposition in the UK
答案及解析：
9．B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知。
10. The author of this passage intends to tell us ______.
A. the NHS should be reformed right away
B. more and more people are dying from diseases
C. the plan to reform the NHS in the UK
D. the criticism of Mr Brown's proposals
答案及解析：
10．C。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知。事实上，本文作者重点介绍了英国的医疗改革计划，文章大量篇幅都在说明英国的医疗状况。
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