高考总复习：状语从句考点透析与精炼 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　审稿：张敏　　责编： 陈玉莲考试要求：
　　状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。对状语从句的考查是高考英语的重点内容之一。状语从句的连词是状语从句最常见的考查形式，命题意图是检测考生对逻辑关联词的实际运用能力。考查的难点主要是根据主从句的逻辑关系准确判断状语从句的种类并选择正确的连接词。另外，状语从句和省略、倒装、虚拟等语法现象结合起来考查也是难点之一。知识总结：
状语从句分类及常用连词：
　　时间状语从句：when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, 　　as soon as (the moment/ the minute/ the second), by the time, no sooner … than,　　hardly (scarcely) … when, every time ...　　地点状语从句：where, wherever 　　原因状语从句：because, since, as, for（引导并列句）, now that, etc. 　　目的状语从句：so, so that, in order that, in case　　结果状语从句：so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc. 　　条件状语从句：if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only　　　　让步状语从句：although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who (when, what …)　　　　比较状语从句：as…as, so…as, than, etc. 　　方式状语从句：as, as if (though), the way, rather than 状语从句分类详述：
时间状语从句
　　1. 由as, while引导时，表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，或一个动作在另一个动作或状态的过程中。　　2. 由after, when引导时，表示主句动作在从句动作之后。　　3. 由before, when引导时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。　　　 when从句可能表示多种意义，这里它表示一种原来没有预料到的新情况出现。又是这一新情况打断　　　 了主句表示的正在进行的活动，或制止了即将发生的情况。在这种情况下，主句常用进行式、完成　　　 式或“be about to do”之类。 　　　 I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave when something occurred which 　　　 attracted my attention.　　4. 由whenever, every/ each time引导时，表示主句动作以从句动作为条件而发生。　　　 Every time I saw him, I would remind him the exam.　　 5. 由as soon as引导时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作的一瞬间之后（注意：the moment，the 　　　 instant，the second，the minute都可做连词用，意思是as soon as。）； 　　6. 由just/ hardly……when, no sooner…… than引导时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作一瞬间之前。　　　 I had just started back for the house to change my clothes when I heard voices.　　　 注意：表示将来动作或事情的时间状语从句中，动词要用现在时态代替将来时；　　 　　　　 hardly……when, no sooner…… than中的hardly和no sooner若位于句首，则其后句子用部分倒装　　　 句。　　　 No sooner had we reached the top of the hill when we all sat down to rest.原因状语从句
　　　由because, as, since或复合连接词now that，in that等引导。（注意：for是连词，虽然也可以表示“因为”，但其后所接的是并列句中的一个独立句，而非从句。）　　Now that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.　　These two areas are similar in that they both have a high rainfall during this season.　地点状语从句
　　由where, wherever引导。　　Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded where other more well-informed experimenters failed.　　I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.　 条件状语从句
　　由if, as (so) long as和unless引导。条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。当从句所表达的条件是有可能实现的、有可能是真实的条件时，用真实条件句；如果从句所表达的条件是不可能实现的、与客观事实完全相反的条件或假设时，用虚拟条件句。　　真实条件句在使用中也有需要注意的事项：从句中的动词应该用一般现在时代替一般将来时；用现在完成时代替将来完成时。　　You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don't mind taking the night train.　　Excuse me. If your call's not too urgent, do you mind if I make mine first?目的状语从句
　　由so that, in order that, in case等引导。注意：这类从句中常常用情态动词may/ might, can/ could, should等，以保证语气通顺自然。　　I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment.结果状语从句
　　由so that, so…that, such…that等引导。　　注意：so…that与such…that的区别在于：前者的省略号处是形容词或副词，而后者的省略号处最终是一个名词。“最终”的意思是，该名词前也可以出现形容词甚至出现修饰形容词的副词，但整个词组的中心词是这个名词。让步状语从句
　　由though, although, even if, even though, however, no matter how/ what/ who等引导。　　注意对让步状语从句的掌握要注意以下几点内容。　　1. 使用though, although时，务必避免与but连用。　　2. even if, even though和as if, as though不同。后者常常要求使用虚拟语气。　　　 I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, however much it costs.　　　 Even if the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included 　　　 all variables and modeled them accurately.比较状语从句
　　由than, the…the…, as…as引导。　　They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.　　比较状语从句中，than后可以直接跟谓语动词。这类从句一般用来表示程度或范围。　　In the course of a day, students do far more than just attend classes.方式状语从句
　　由in the same way, as等引导。　　Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed.　　Melted iron is poured into the mixer much in the same way tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.状语从句考点透视
1. when, while, as 的用法：
　　when 意为“当/在……时，每当”；while意为“在……期间”，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词；as意为“一边……一边……，随着”，动词通常为动作动词。 　　He transplanted the little tree to the garden when it was the best time for it.　　---I'm going to the post office.　　---While you’re there, can you get me some stamps? 2. before 的用法：
　　before的本意为“在……之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……，趁着还没……就……，不知不觉就……，……才……”等。 　　The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won in the end.　　Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up before I could answer the phone.3．until 和till 的用法：
　　与肯定式的主句连用，主句谓语必须是延续性动词，till/ until表示“……直到……”；与否定式的主句连用，且主句谓语是结束性动词时，till/ until表示“直到……才……”。 　　We were told we should follow the main road until we reached the central railway.　　---Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?　　---Yes. He had never praised him until he became one of the top students in his grade.4．表示“一……就……”的四类从属连词：
　　as soon as= the moment (that) = the minute (that) = the second (that) = the instant (that) 　　= immediately (that) = directly (that) = instantly (that)　　= no sooner…than… = hardly…when…　　---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?　　---Yes, I gave it to her the moment I saw her.　　 5．可引导时间状语从句的time 短语：
　　every time, each time, (the) next time, (the)last time, by the time, the first time, any time等以time结尾的短语可引导从句。 　　I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.6．It be …since/ before/ when… 句型：　　①“It be +时间段+since…”表示“自从……以来有多久了”，但若从句谓词是延缓性动词时，则意　　　为“（多久）不做……了”；　　②“It be +时间段+before…”表示“过……之后才……”，若be 是否定式，则表示“没过……　　　就……”。　　③“It be +时间点+ before…”表示“在……之前，时间是……”。　　④“It be +时间点+when…”表示“当……时，时间是……”。 　　　It is almost five years since we saw each other last time.　　　自从我们上次见面已经将近五年了。　　　That was really a splendid evening. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much.　　　多年没这么快乐过了。　　　It was some time before we realize the truth.　　　过了一段时间之后，我们才了解事情的真相。　　　It was evening before we reached the little town of Winchester.　　　我们在到达Winchester这个小镇之前，天就黑夜了。　　　---Did Jack come back early last night? 　　　---Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock when he arrived home.　　　（当）他回来时，还不到8点。7.状语从句的时态：
　　在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的时间。when, before, after引导的从句的动作与主句动作的先后关系。若主从句的动作先后发生在过去，通常先发生的用过去完成时。before, after本身已能表达动作的先后关系，所以主从句的动作都可用一般过去时。　　---What could you do if it rains tomorrow?　　---We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.　　When the old man started to walk back to his house, the sun had already hidden itself behind the mountain. 8.状语从句的强调：
　　主要考查如何强调not until引导的时间状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句。 　　It was not until she got home that Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.9.状语从句的成分省略：
　　主要考查在时间、条件、原因、让步、方式等状语从句中的成分省略问题或根据省略情况解决问题的能力。 　　The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it. 　　While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring. 10.状语从句的语气：
　　as if /as though从句、wish引导的宾语从句以及If only...（但愿，要是……就好了）句子的虚拟情况：用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。　　if引导的非真实条件句。 　　When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.　　You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.11.状语从句或主句的语序：
　　一般情况下，引导状语从句的连词应放在从句之首，其后用陈述句语序。但要注意以下几种倒装情况：　　1. “only + 状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。　　Only when the war was over did the young soldier return to his hometown.　　2. not until 从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。　　Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.　　3. 表示“一……就……”的两个常见结构 “no sooner ．．．than...”和“hardly...when...”，当no sooner和“hardly位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，且用过去完成时态。　　---Did Linda see the traffic accident? 　　---No, no sooner had she gone than it happened.　　4. so/such...that（如此……以致……）结构中，so 或such位于句首加强语气时，主句用部分倒装语序。　　So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to asked Tom for advice.　　5. as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。被提前的部分可以是从句的表语、状语或动词原形。若被前置的表语是单数名词时，须省略冠词。 　　Try as she might, Carolina couldn’t get the door open. 　 6. however或no matter how引导的让步状语从句的一般语序应为however/no matter how+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语动词。　　We’ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.易错点点拨：
　　使用状语从句时要注意：　　1. 在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。　　We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.　　I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.　　2. 有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语为it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。　　When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.　　If (you are) asked you may come in.　　If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.　　3. 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。　　You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）　　Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）　　I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句）　　Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）　　This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）

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