B1U5
●重点句型
1．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
2．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。
3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
1．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到那时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only 修饰的时间、条件和方式状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only 如修饰从句而提到句首，主句要部分倒装。
①Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.
直到那时他才意识到自己犯的错误。
②Only by practising a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
只有通过每天练习几个小时你才能掌握英语。
③Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.
只有用上你全部的时间和精力你才能把这项工作做好。
④Only when I came back was I informed of the news.
直到我回来，我才被通知这个消息。
⑤Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to college.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上大学。
提示：(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：
×Only after the war learned he the sad news.
√Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
(2)only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：
×Only when did he return did we find out the truth.
√Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：
×Only can he answer the question.
√Only he can answer the question.
[即境活用1](2008·江苏)______ you eat the correct food ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A．Only if; will you B．Only if; you will
C．Unless; will you D．Unless; you will
解析：“only＋if从句”放于句首，主句用部分倒装。
答案：A
2．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的感觉很不好。
the first time 相当于连词，引导一个状语从句，意为“第一次”。这类特殊短语还有：
(1)each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做连词用，表示“无论何时”“每当”“每次”等，引导一个时间状语从句。
Every time we come to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我们去北京，我们都去参观故宫。
I didn' t have any penny last time I saw you.
上次我看见你时，我身无分文。
(2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as。
The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就冲出了大厅。
(3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于 as soon as，表示“一……就……”。
The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.
王教授一出现在讲台上，听众就站起来热烈鼓掌。
(4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示时间段的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。
The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend.
那天早晨史密斯先生在湖边散步时遇到了一位老朋友。
[即境活用2] ______I toured Zhangjiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.
A．For the first time B．At first
C．It was the first time D．The first time
解析：the first time 用做连词，引导时间状语从句。
答案：D
2. 名词短语或副词做连词，引导时间状语从句
[应用2] (1)Betty shows great interest in this poem now, but she thought it boring ______ she read it.
A．at the first time B．the first time
C．for the first time D．at first
答案：B
解析：the first time“第一次时”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)My sister came ______ she got my short message.
A．exactly B．especially
C．directly D．simply
答案：C
解析：directly＝as soon as“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。
(3)He left Europe ______ World War Ⅱ broke out.
A．the year B．in the year
C．during the year D．for the year
答案：A
解析：the year“在……这一年”，引导时间状语从句。
B2U1
●重点句型
1．Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.
普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世永远想象不到，他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
2．There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train... 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车……
3．After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归便成了一个谜。
1．Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世永远想象不到他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
本句中 could never have imagined为情态动词表推测的用法，can和 could可以用在否定句和疑问句中，后接完成式，表示对已发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等；或接进行时，表示对正发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等；或接原形，表示对现在或一般情况的否定推测。
①Could/Can he have been told the news?
他被告知这个消息了吗？
②He knew little about Japanese, so he couldn't have learned it. 他对日语一无所知，因此他不可能学过。
③The light is out. They can't be at home.
灯灭着，他们现在不可能在家。
拓展：(1)can/could主要用于否定推测；must 表推测只用于肯定句；mustn't表示“禁止；不允许”。情态动词 can和 must表推测时，其反意疑问句的动词形式要依据主句中有无具体时间状语而定。
(2)could have done用于肯定句，则表示“本来能够做到却没有做到”，此时 could不能换成 can。
①It seems that he is unhappy. He must have been told the bad news.
看起来他不高兴，他一定已被告知这个坏消息了。
②He could have caught the early bus, but his bike broke down on the way.
他本能够赶上那辆早班车，但是他的自行车在路上坏了。
[即境活用1](1)I ______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A．shouldn‘t B．couldn't
C．mustn't D．needn't
解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。must表推测只能用于肯定句，否定句用 can't/couldn't 代替。shouldn't have done表示“本来不该而实际上却做了”，needn't have done表示“本来不必而实际上却做了”，均不合题意。本句译为：当事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。
答案：B
(2)He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A．could B．would
C．must D．need
解析：本题考查情态动词 could have done 表示本来能办到的事，而没有做成。本句译为：他本可以免费进入，却买了票。
答案：A
2．After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归便成了一个谜。
remain a mystery为系表结构，在该结构中，remain为系动词，意为“(继续)保持，仍然处于(某种状态)”，后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等做表语。
①Where he has gone remains a mystery.
他去哪里了仍然是个谜。
②Shops remain open till late in the evening.
商店营业到晚上很晚。
③Much work remains undone. 还有大量的工作未做。
④They remained listening. 他们一直在听。
⑤The patient remained in danger. 病人仍处在危险中。
⑥That remains to be seen. 那还有待观察。
⑦Since it's been a secret so long, it had better remain so.
既然它已是长时间的秘密，还是继续保密为好。
拓展：(1)remain还可用做不及物动词，意为“剩下，还有；(继续)待在某处，继续存在，留下”。
①Little of the original architecture remains.
原来的建筑现在留存的已经很少了。
②I'll remain to see the end of the game.
我将留下看比赛的结果。
(2)辨析 remain/stay/keep
①remain继续保持或处于原来的状态。
②stay继续保持或处于原来的状态，与 remain同义，但后面不接 to do或 to be done，多接形容词等构成系表结构。
③keep需要设法才能保持或处于某种状态。
[即境活用2](2008·辽宁)Please remain ______； the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A．seating B．seated
C．to seat D．to be seated
解析：考查 remain后接分词做表语，seat vt.“使就坐”，用过去分词 seated做表语。
答案：B
B2U2
1．I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。
(1)what you call“Ancient Greece”是由 what引导的宾语从句，做介词 in的宾语，同时 what在宾语从句中做 call的间接宾语。what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句等名词性从句，它的含义也比较广泛，可以指事、物、时间、地点、言语、情况等。
①The boss seems not satisfied with what we have done.
老板似乎对我们所做的事不满意。
②We waited what seemed two hours.
我们等了大约两个小时。
③Who invented what is called “wheel”？
谁发明了叫做“轮子”的东西？
(2)used to意为“过去常常”，后接动词原形，其否定和疑问形式，可以使用 used，也可以借助助动词 did。
Your father used to drink a lot, didn't he/usedn't he?
你父亲曾喝酒很厉害，对不对？
He didn't use/usedn't to drive to work.
他过去不曾开车上班。
拓展：
①used to do 表示过去经常做某事，也可以表示过去的状态。
be used to doing 意为“习惯于”，be 也可换成 get或 become。
be used to do 意为“被用于做……”，是被动语态。
It used to be a very quiet town.
它过去曾是个非常安静的城镇。
The man got used to living in the countryside.
那个男人已习惯于住在农村。
Wood can be used to make paper.木头可用于造纸。
②used to 表示过去持续的状态或情况，客观地陈述过去的规则行为，现在已不存在此动作，不与表一段时间的状语连用；would表过去不大规则的行为动作，现在可能仍存在，常与 often, sometimes, frequently, for hours 等连用，但不与表示状态的动词连用。如：
There used to be an old temple on the hill.
从前山上有座古庙。
She would sit there for hours doing nothing at all.
她总是一连几个小时坐在那儿，什么也不做。
[即境活用1](1)(2008·天津模拟)He finds his daughter is quite different from ______ she was five years ago.
A．who B．what
C．how D．which
解析：句意：他发现他女儿跟5年前大不一样了。what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中做表语。
答案：B
(2)(2009·惠州质检)When he was there, he ______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A．would B．should
C．used to D．might
解析：强调过去一段时间一直持续的动作用 would。
答案：A
2．－How often do you hold your Games?
－Every four years.
——每隔多久举办一次奥运会？
——每四年。
every four years 每四年；每隔三年
every与基数词、序数词、other或 few连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，意为“每……；每隔……”，其具体结构为：
every＋基数词＋复数名词
every＋序数词＋单数名词
every other＋单数名词 意为“每隔……”
every few＋复数名词 意为“每隔……”。
①every four days 每隔三天
②every third day 每隔两天
③every other day 每隔一天
④every few days 每隔几天(注意 few前没有a)
[即境活用2]The teacher asked his students to leave a space in their exercise books______.
A. every a few lines B. each a few lines
C. every few lines D. each few lines
解析：“每/每隔……”短语中只能用 every, 而不用 each；“every few＋名词复数”表示“每隔几……”，few前不能加 a。
答案：C
3．No other countries could join in, nor_could slaves or women！别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。
nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引导分句，句子要用部分倒装。即：
“neither/nor＋be(助动词或情态动词)＋主语”，表示前面否定的情况也适合于下文另一人或物，相当于 either 用于否定句。当两个主语是同一个人或物时，只能用 nor。
①She isn't a student; neither/nor is he (＝he isn't a student, either). 她不是学生，他也不是。
②I don't know, nor do I care. (nor不能用 neither替换)
我不知道，也不关心。
拓展：(1)“so＋be(助动词或情态动词)＋主语”，表示上文肯定的情况也适合于下文另外一个人或物。
(2)“so＋主语＋be(助动词或情态动词)”则表示对前述情况的认同或强调，注意前后是同一主语，意为“的确”“确实”。
(3)So it is (was) with sb. (sth.)或 It is (was) the same with sb. (sth.)用于前面陈述的是两种以上的情况或既有肯定也有否定。
①—He dances well. 他舞跳得好。
—So do you. 你也跳得好。
②It's a fine day today. 今天是一个好天。
—So it is! 今天确实是一个好天！
③—He didn't work hard, so he failed the exam.
他不努力学习，所以考试失败了。
—So it was with me.我也是。
[即境活用3](1)(2009·南京质检)If you don't sign up for the game, ______.
A．I don't go, either B．neither will I
C．so will I D．nor do I
解析：if从句中用现在时代替将来时，但主句中需用将来时态，A、D时态不对。
答案：B
(2)You say he works hard. ______ , and ______.
A．So he does; so you do B．So he does; so do you
C．So does he; so do you D．So does he; so you do
解析：第一空表示对前述情况的认同“他确实很努力”，用 so he does；第二空表示这一情况也适合于你，“你也很努力”用 so do you。
答案：B
4．There's just as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. 国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争，就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。
as...as“像……一样”，引导比较状语从句。
as...as同级比较的形式有：
as＋adj./adv.＋as
as＋adj.＋可数名词复数形式或不可数名词＋as
as＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋as
注意：(1)同级比较的否定形式为 not so/as...as...。
(2)同级比较可修饰倍数、百分数、分数等。
(3)此结构中第二个 as可为连词也可为介词，做连词可引导一个比较状语从句，从句常用省略形式；做介词时，后接名词，也可接数量词表示某性质达到了什么程度。
①Asia is about four times as large as Europe.
亚洲大约是欧洲的四倍大。
②He owed as many thanks to his parents as (he owed) to his teachers. 他同样地感谢他的父母和老师。
③We walked as far as the lake last night.
昨晚我们散步远到湖边。
④He is not so friendly to me as I am to him.
他对我不像我对他那样友好。
⑤You must give flowers as much water as they need.
你必须给花浇足够多的水。
[即境活用4](1)—What do you think of French?
—In my opinion, French is ______ English.
A．a subject so difficult as B．as difficult a subject as
C．as a subject difficult as D．difficult as subject as
解析：考查 as...as表示同级比较。其中第一个 as是副词，后接 adj.＋a＋n.。
答案：B
(2)The farmers wondered if vegetables could bring in ______crops.
A．as many as B．as good as
C．as much as D．as well as
解析：此句意为“农民们想知道是否蔬菜能像庄稼一样带来同样多的 money (利润)”，故为 as much as。
答案：C
1．And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it! 我的存储量变得如此巨大，甚至连我自己都不能相信！
so...that... 如此……以致……。 that 引导结果状语从句。另外， such...that...也引导结果状语从句。其结构形式为：
so＋adj./adv.
＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数
＋many/few＋可数名词复数
much/little＋不可数名词that 从句
such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数
＋adj.＋可数名词复数
＋adj.＋不可数名词that 从句
①She was so excited that she couldn't go to sleep.
她兴奋得睡不着觉。
②It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.
(＝It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)天气如此热，谁也不想干活。
③I made so many mistakes in the composition that the teacher criticized me.
我的作文中出了许多错误，老师批评了我。
拓展：(1)当 so.../such...位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
那个标记非常小，我几乎看不见它。
(2)so...that...中的主句和从句的主语是同一个，that 从句也可改为 as to do 形式。
The old lady was so kind that she led me to the hospital.
＝The old lady was so kind as to lead me to the hospital.
这个老太太是那样好心，她把我领到了医院。
(3)so that 连在一起用，可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用 can/could/may/might/will/would/should 等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can和 may等
词，在 so that前可以有逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。
He hurried up so that he could catch the train.
他匆匆赶路为的是赶上火车。(对比：He hurried up so that he caught the train. 他匆匆赶路，结果赶上了火车。)
[即境活用1](1)______about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A．So curious the couple was
B．So curious were the couple
C．How curious the couple were
D．The couple was such curious
解析：考查 so...that...引导结果状语从句，且 so...放于句首时，句子部分倒装。
答案：B
(2)Most children need encouragement in time of failure ______ they can cheer up again.
A．so that B．in case
C．because D．if
解析：考查 so that 引导目的状语从句。
答案：A
2．Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
of high quality在句中做定语，属于of＋n.结构。这一结构相当于形容词，在句中可以做表语、定语或宾语补足语。
(1)of＋n.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些名词前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰，以表示不同程度。
The camel is of great help to the Arab.(＝The camel is very helpful to the Arab.)
骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。
(2)of＋n.结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有：size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, colour 等。
The two are of an age, but are of different height.
这两个人年龄相同，但身高不同。
(3)of＋n.结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍以及出处的名词，常用的名词有：family, blood, race, origin 等。
We are of the same blood. 我们是同一血统。
(4)of＋n.结构还可以表示人的特点、特性，常用 of＋wealth/education/courage/achievement/ability 等。
Your sister is a girl of wisdom.
你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。
[即境活用2] You will find this map of great ______ in helping you to get around London.
A．price B．cost
C．value D．usefulness
解析：be of great value＝be very valuable “很有价值”。
答案：C
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