英语必修5译林牛津版Unit 1第6课时教案
Period 6 Grammar and usage ( To-infinitive )
Teaching goals
1．Target language
a．重点词汇和短语
mailbox，persuade，badminton，dentist，Easter，
amusement，amusement park，take care
b．重点句子
Things seem to be getting better．John pretended not to have seen me．
She made me promise to write every day．
We had nothing to do but watch TV．
2．Ability goals
Enable the students to use infinitive correctly．
3．Learning ability goals
Help the students learn how to use infinitive correctly．
Teaching important points
The use of the infinitive sign “to” and the different forms of the to infinitive．
Teaching difficult points
How to teach the students to distinguish the to—infinitive from the bare infinitive and master the
different forms of the to infinitive．
Teaching methods
Explaining，summarizing and practicing．
Teaching aids
A computer and a projector．
Teaching procedures and ways
Step I Revision
Revise the adjectives to describe personality and some sentences with infinitive……
Step 2 Grammar
*********************************************************
To-infinitive.
动词不定式
由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，否定形式not to do。是动词的一种非谓语的形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以有时态和语态的变化。同时，它也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语.
动词不定式的用法：
1、作主语
(1)不定式短语在句中作主语。谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g.: To say is one thing and to do is another.
To know oneself is difficult.
但在很多情况下，为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作为形式主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，
e.g.: It is difficult to know onself.
It is important to learn English.
2、作表语。不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。
e.g.: His wish is to become an engineer.
To live is to do something worthwhile.
3、作宾语. 作动词的宾语，即动词+to do sth. 常见的要加不定式作宾语的动词有：decide/ determine, learn, want, expect/ hope/ wish, refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/ beg, afford, prefer, require, enable, need, order…
e.g.: He agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
He pretended not to see me when I passed by.
在find, make, think, consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后.
e.g.: I find it interesting to study English.
I think it impossible to work out the problem.
4、作宾语补足语，即Ｖ＋sb. (not) to do sth.如动词advise, allow, ask, cause, challenge, command, consider, enable, encourage, forbid, force, inform, invite, persuade, tell, send, urge, want,warn….
Eg. I want you to speak to Tom.
Ask him not to make noise.
(1)在感官动词以及使役动词（let, have, make）后作宾语补足语，不定式都不带to.变为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式.
“一感(feel)二听 (hear, listen to )三让(let, have, make )四观看(see, observe, watch, look at)”
e.g.: I often hear him sing the song.
Did you see him go out?
The boss made the employees work ten hours a day.
The employees were made to work ten hours a day.
(2)在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语,这时不定式通常是 “to be+形容词或副词”的结构.这类动词有：consider, think, believe, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。 consider, think, find后的to be常可省略.
e.g.: We consider him (to be) a good teacher.
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
5．作定语. 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系.
e.g.: The next train to arrive was from New York.
He has a lot of letter to write.
He was the best man to do the job.
Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.
She has a child to take care of.
There is nothing to worry about.
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
He had no money and no place to live (in).
6. 作状语. 不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等.
e.g.: To save the child, he laid down his life.
To look at him, you would like him.
He got to the station only to find the train had gone.(only to do 常表意想不到或不愉快的结果)
I’m very glad to see you. (表喜怒哀乐的形容词后跟不定式表原因)
动词不定式的形式：
1、一般式：表示的动作通常与主要的谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生.
（not）to do（主动） to be done（被动）
e.g.: I am glad to see you. The house needs to be cleaned.
2、进行式：表示谓语的动作或情况发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行.
to be doing（主动）
e.g.: He pretended to be reading when I came in.
3、完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或表动作发生在过去并且已完成。
to have done （主动） to have been done（被动）
e.g.: I’m sorry to have lost your key.
It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.
4、完成进行式：表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生并一直进行着.
to have been doing（主动）
e.g.: He was said to have been living in London for 20 years.
?
主动式
被动式
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
无
完成式
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
无
不定式的常见结构:
1、用作独立成分. 有一些不定式短语可以用作状语修饰整个句子，也可被称为插入语.
e.g.: To be honest, we are not sure to work out the problem.
To be frank, I don’t agree with you.
to tell you truth说老实话 to begin with首先
to say nothing of姑且不说 to be sure诚然，固然
to make a long story short长话短说 to be brief简言之 to conclude总而言之
2、疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how, why 后加动词不定式构成不定式短语，它在句中作主语、宾语和表语.
e.g.: How to solve the problem is very important.
He didn’t know what to say. My question is when to start.
3、不定式的复合结构，即It is+形容词+for/of sb.+不定式
在“It is+形容词+of sb.+不定式”的结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如：kind, silly, good, clever, wrong, right, foolish, careless, impolite, honest, bad等.
e.g.: It is kind of you to think so much of me. It is foolish of you to say that.
在“It is+形容词+for sb.+不定式”的结构中，形容词往往表示事物的性质,如:important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等.
e.g.: It is necessary for you to complete the program on time.
It is hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.
不定式的特殊用法:
1、在had better, had best, would rather, would rather…than, would sooner, cannot but, cannot help but, why not等结构后直接跟动词原形或“not+动词原形”.
e.g.: You’d better listen to your teacher’s opinion.
He cannot but move to another street.
We cannot help but admire his courage.
He always prefers to ride a bicycle rather than ride on a crowded bus.
2、两个不定式由and, or, except, but, whether等并列使用时, 为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to可省略.
e.g.: The little girl hardly knew whether to laugh or cry.
Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting ?
3、不定式符号的单独使用。为了避免重复上文中出现过的动词，可以用不定式符号to来代替上文中出现过的不定式结构.
(1)在助动词或情态动词之后，如be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to等。
e.g.: She has to go, but you don’t have to (go).
He doesn’t like fish but he used to (like).
(2)在want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try等动词之后.
e.g.: You may go with them if you hope to (go).
-Did you go to see the Great Wall? -I wanted to (go), but I was too busy.
(3)在作宾语补足语的ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow等动词之后.
e.g.: Don’t do anything unless your father tells you to (do).
-May I use your car?
-No, I don’t allow you to (use).
(4)在对话的答语中的happy, glad, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid等形容词之后.
e.g.: -Will you lend me a hand?
-I’m willing to (lend you a hand).
-Would you come to my birthday party tomorrow?
-I’ll be glad to (come).
*****************************************************
Step 3 Practice
Choose the best answer.
1.Paul doesn’t have to be made_____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
2.We agreed ___ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
3.The doctor and the nurses did all they could ____ the patient’s life.
A. save B. to save C. to be saving D. to have save
4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle to the street, but his mother told him _____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
5.I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
6.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ___ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
7.I went to see him ____ him out.
A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found
8.Two men were reported ____ in the accident.
A. to kill B. killed C. to be killed D. to have been killed
9.I don’t want_______ like I’m speaking ill of anybody ,but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A .to sound B .to be sounded C .sounding D .to have sounded
10.Energy drinks are not allowed______ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make B .to be made C. to have been made D .to be making
11. AIDS is said______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years(2006·湖北)
A .that it is B .to be C .that it has been D .to have been
12. It’s polite_____ you ________ so.
A. of; to do B. for; to do C. of; saying D. for; saying
13 .______this cake ,you’ll need 2 eggs,175 g sugar and 175 g flour.
A .Having made B .Make C .To make D .Making
14. He hurried to the booking office only______ that all the tickets had been sold out.(陕西)
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
15. It remains_______ whether Jim’s be fit enough to play in the finals.(浙江)
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
16.As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting________.
A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using
17.In fact____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
答案：1-5 B C B A B 6-10 B C D A B 11-17 DACBBB D
************************************************************
Step 4 Summary and Homework
Today, we’ve reviewed some new words learnt in this unit. In particular, we have learned the
usages of to-infinitive .After class, do more exercises to master them better.Finish the exercise
on page 9. Time is up. That’all for today. See you tomorrow.
Record after Teaching
【点此下载】