Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
privately, insurance, health care system, pay for, the health insurance company, as a result
b. 重点句式 P9
Different countries have different ways of paying for it.
Most doctors and nurses work for the government and most hospitals are owned by the government.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to know the health care systems of different countries.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to make comparisons of the health care systems of different countries.
Teaching important & difficult points教学重点和教学难点
Learn about health care systems.
Teaching methods教学方法
Task-based learning and discussion.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
T: Good morning / afternoon, girls and boys! Please look at the picture. What is it?
S: Sorry, we don’t know.
T: It is the sign of WHO, World Health Organization. It is one of special organizations of the United Nations and it is also the biggest health organization among governments. Today, we will learn something about health system and organization.
Step II Reading (Cultural Corner)
Pre-reading
T: We have talked about how to keep healthy and if we get a health problem, what we should do. Do you notice that who pays the medical fees for you? Are the hospitals in our hometown owned by our country or privately owned?
S1: Our parents pay the medical fees for us.
S2: We also have health insurance.
S3: Some big hospitals such as People’s Hospital belong to our country.
S4: There are a lot small hospitals, which are privately owned or owned by a group of people.
T: Good. We have our health care system. And what do you think of the other countries? Do you think they have the same system with ours? Now, please open your books and turn to page 9.
Fast reading
T: Read the passage quickly to get the structure of it. After reading, you can talk about it with your partners. You will have 6 minutes to do it.
Six minutes later.
T: OK, who can answer the question? Volunteer?
S: The first paragraph is a general introduction. It tells us different countries have different health care systems. The other three paragraphs discuss the health care systems in Britain, America and Canada.
T: Very good! Let’s read it again to find out the differences of the three countries’ health care systems.
Careful reading
T: Read the passage again carefully and fill in the table.
Show the table on the screen.
Countries
Medical fees
Hospitals
Problems
Results
Britain
America
Canada
Ask students to fill in the table.
Sample answers:
Countries
Medical fees
Hospitals
Problems
Results
Britain
government
Owned by government
Government didn’t pay enough money.
More people use private health insurance.
America
patient
privately owned
Poorer people don’t have enough money.
Poorer people have both health and money problem.
Canada
government
privately owned
Step III Reading (WORKBOOK P69)
T: Please open your books, and turn to page 70. It is an email.
Fast reading
Read the email fast for the first time to answer the two questions on page 69.
Then check the answers.
Careful reading
First, read carefully to decide if the sentences on page70 are true or false. Correct the false sentences. Check the answers.
Second, match the persons and things.
1. Zhou Kai a. broke the leg
2. Andy b. cooks a lot of vegetables
3. the Americans c. like potatoes more than rice
4. some of the d. feels better after the illness
football team
5. team captain e. are sick with flu
6. mother f. is crazy about football
Sample answers:
Suggested answers:
a broke the leg
1 Zhou Kai
b cooks a lot of
vegetables
2 Andy
3 the Americans c like potatoes more than
rice
4 some of the football team
d feels better after the
illness
5 team captain
e are sick with flu
6 mother f is crazy about
football
T: Now, please complete the sentences and read them out.
S: Zhou Kai told Andy that he is crazy about football.
S: It is good to know that Andy feels better after the illness.
S: Americans like potatoes more than rice.
S: I think it will be a difficult game because some of team are sick with flu.
S: Our team captain broke his leg when he was playing last week.
S: My mother cooks a lot of vegetables.
T: Very good!
Step IV Reading
Show the following on the sceen.
We Are What We Eat
Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different. Traditional diets often have too much fat and too many calories for the 21st-century person. If we want to keep up with the high pace of modern life, we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.
Stores offer all kinds of food and snacks and we have to make many choices. When we choose what to buy and eat, we had better think whether the food will gives us the nutrients we need. Some nutrients help build our bodies and make us stronger. Protein, for example, is good for our muscles. Fish, meat and beans contain a lot of protein. Calcium, which is found in eggs, milk and other dairy products, is good for our bone and teeth. We should also eat carbohydrates, the main fuel for our bodies, which we can get from bread, rice and noodles. Other nutrients, such as fiber and minerals, help keep our bodies functioning well. Vitamins which we can get from eating vegetables, fruit, fish and drinking milk, help our bodies fight disease.
But the choices we make are not just about nutrition. Many people today make choices about eating habits based on what they believe. Eating habits become part of us. Some people become vegetarians because they believe it is healthier not to eat meat or because they think we should not kill animals for food. Others become vegans and will not eat any animal products at all, not even yoghurt or eggs. We also make choices based on how the products are grown or made. Environmentally friendly food, or “ eco-food”, is produced by companies who have tried to use green and clean ways to grow it. Organic vegetables are those that are grown without chemicals that can be harmful to human beings or the environment.
Because we have so much to choose from, many companies and stores offer advice about what we should eat. Books, magazines and television shows tell us about food and pills that we should buy to become smarter, healthier and more beautiful. It is probably better, however, if we spend our time and money in buying good food and keeping a balanced diet. If we eat healthy food in the right amounts, we do not have to buy any supplements. The same goes for “crash diets” that some companies say will make us lose weight fast. Instead of eating expensive diet foods or going on unhealthy diets, we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.
The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits. We ought to learn more about our bodies and the fuel we need to keep fit. Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
T: Read the passage fast to answer the following questions on the screen.
Show the questions on the screen.
1. What does the word “fuel” mean in the text above? What about the “green”? Can you find any other words used in the same way?
2. The text gives examples of how people make choices about what they eat. List the examples and the reasons why people eat or don’t eat certain kinds of food.
3. How have our eating habits changed? Why? Try to think of as many examples and reasons as possible.
After reading, check the answers with the whole class.
Sample answers:
1. “Fuel” here means the food we need to keep our bodies healthy and active. Green foods are organic foods, that is, foods that are grown and produced naturally.
2. any food that tastes good — food that should be enjoyed regardless of health
benefits.
any food that is healthy — food that should keep our body fit.
any food that is a vegetable — food that shouldn’t include meat.
any food that is organic — food that should be produced naturally without
damaging the environment.
any food that is safe — food that should not cause a risk to our health.
3. —We have more foods to choose from and many of these foods are not produced
organically.
—We are busier than in past years so we now have less time to eat than before.
—More snack foods are available since more people like to eat between meals.
—Now many are paying more attention to their health because others remind them to.
—Some people care as much about the health and safety of animals as people so they
refuse to eat meat.
—People today expect food to taste good and still be healthy. They now have more
choices when they go to the market.
—Many people don’t get enough nutrition from their food so they take supplements,
especially vitamin pills.
Step V Homework
Summarize the whole module.
Do a survey with other students about lifestyle.
附 件
I Text Chart
Fresh fruit and vegetables are a very important part
Have fish four time a week
Have a healthy diet
Don’t eat much fat and sugar
Don’t have a sweet tooth
Zhou Kai is healthy/ fit and rarely gets colds and flu.
Captain of class team
Take a lot of exercise
Be crazy about football
Member of school team
Play it in the rain
Two years ago broke arm
Had a bad cold and a fever
Painful and couldn’t move
I. Notes to the text
1. be connected with 和……有联系; 有关系
He is connected with a noble family.
他和一个贵族家庭有亲戚关系.
2. When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously. 妈妈看到周凯没穿夹克就向前门走去, 担心地盯着他.
1) head, eye名词用作动词
2) without a jacket on 没穿夹克
3. have a sweet tooth 吃甜食的嗜好；喜爱吃甜食
4. I would rather eat a nice piece of fruit.
我宁愿吃一块美味的水果.
1) would rather do... 宁愿做……
He says he would rather take some pills.
他说宁愿吃些药丸.
2) would rather do ... than ...
would do ... rather than ... 宁愿做而……不愿做……
He said he would rather take some pills than have an injection. 他说宁愿吃药也不
打针.
He says he would take some pills rather than have an injection. 他说宁愿吃药也
不打针.
5. be crazy about 对……着迷, 为……而疯狂
III. Background Knowledge
WHO (World Health Organization)
The World Health Organization is the United Nations specialized agency for health. It was established on 7 April 1948, WHO’s objective, as set out in its Constitution, is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. Health is defined in WHO’s Constitution as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
WHO’s goal is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health who is governed by 192 Member States through the World Health Assembly. The Health Assembly is composed of representatives from WHO’s Member States. The main tasks of the World Health Assembly are to approve the WHO programme and the budget for the following biennium and to decide major policy questions.
14 Keys to a Healthy Diet
Developing healthy eating habits isn’t as confusing or as restrictive as many people imagine. The first principle of a healthy diet is simply to eat a wide variety of foods. This is important because different foods make different nutritional contributions.
Secondly, fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes — foods high in complex carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, low in fat, and free of cholesterol — should make up the bulk of the calories you consume. The rest should come from low-fat dairy products, lean meat and poultry and fish.
You should also try to maintain a balance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure， that is, don’t eat more food than your body can utilize. Otherwise, you will gain weight. The more active you are, the more you can eat and still maintain this balance.
Following these three basic steps doesn’t mean that you have to give up your favorite foods. As long as your overall diet is low in fat and rich in complex carbohydrates, there is nothing wrong with an occasional cheeseburger. Just be sure to limit how frequently you eat such foods, and try to eat small portions of them.
You can also view healthy eating as an opportunity to expand your range of choices by trying foods — especially vegetables, grains, or fruits — that you don’t normally eat. A healthy diet doesn’t have to mean eating foods that are bland or unappealing. The following basic guidelines are what you need to know to construct a healthy diet：
1. Limit your total fat intake. Fat should supply less than 30% of your total daily calories. Limit your intake of fat by having a semi-vegetarian diet. Choose lean meats, light-meat poultry without the skin, fish, and low-fat dairy products. In addition, cut back on vegetable oils and butter or foods made with these — as well as on mayonnaise, salad dressings, and fried foods.
2. Limit your intake of saturated fat. This is the kind of fat, found mostly in animal products, that boosts blood cholesterol levels and has other adverse health effects. It should supply less than one-third of the calories derived from fat.
3. Keep your cholesterol intake below 300 milligrams per day. Cholesterol is found only in animal products, such as meats, poultry, dairy products, and egg yolks.
4. Eat foods rich in complex carbohydrates. Carbohydrates should contribute at least 55% of your total daily calories. To help meet this requirement, eat plenty of fruit and vegetables and six or more servings of grains (preferably whole grains) or legumes daily. This will help you obtain the 20 to 30 grams of dietary fiber you need each day, as well as provide important vitamins, minerals, and photochemical (plant chemicals essential to good health).
5. Avoid too much sugar. Besides contributing to tooth decay, sugar is a source of “empty” calories, and many foods that are high in sugar are also high in fat.
6. Make sure to include green, orange, and yellow fruits and vegetables， such as broccoli, carrots, cantaloupe and citrus fruits. The antioxidants and other nutrients in these foods are regarded as increasingly important in helping protect against developing certain types of cancer and other diseases. Eat five or more servings a day.
7. Maintain a moderate protein intake. Protein should make up about 12% of your total daily calories. Choose low-fat sources.
8. Eat a variety of foods. Don’t try to fill your nutrient requirements by eating the same foods day in, day out. It is possible that not every essential nutrient has been identified, and so eating a wide assortment of foods helps to ensure that you will get all the necessary nutrients. In addition, this will limit your exposure to any pesticides or toxic substances that may be present in one particular food.
9. Limit your sodium intake to no more than 2,400 milligrams per day. This is equivalent to the amount of sodium in a little more than a teaspoon of salt. Cut back on your use of salt in cooking and on the table; avoid salty foods; check food labels for the inclusion of ingredients containing sodium.
10. Maintain an adequate calcium intake. Calcium is essential for strong bones and teeth. Get your calcium from low-fat sources, such as skim milk and low-fat yogurt. If you can’t get the optimal amount from foods, take supplements.
11. Try to get your vitamins and minerals from foods, not from supplements (with the exceptions listed below). Supplements cannot substitute for a healthy diet, which supplies nutrients and other compounds besides vitamins and minerals. Foods also provide the “synergy” that many nutrients require to be efficiently used in the body.
12. Consider taking supplements of the antioxidant vitamins E (200 to 800 IU daily) and C (250 to 500 milligrams daily). Even if you eat a healthy diet, it’s unlikely you will get these amounts of E and C. Also consider taking a basic daily multivitamin / mineral supplement, especially if you are a woman of childbearing age (who needs extra folic acid, and vitamin B) or over age 60 (because of decreased nutrient absorption by the body).
13. Maintain a desirable weight. Balance energy (calorie) intake with energy output. Eating a low-fat diet will help you maintain or lower your weight, as will regular exercise.
14. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. That is one drink a day for women, two a day for men. A drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 4 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof spirits. Excess alcohol consumption leads to a variety of health problems. And alcoholic beverages can add many calories to your diet without supplying nutrients.
Food and Health
Tofu is as good as medicine for lowering cholesterol
Research published in the fourth week of July, 2003 found that the group of people, who ate high-fiber, high-soy food had lowered LDL (the bad cholesterol) by 28.6%, comparing the contract group. The effect of taking high-fiber, high-soy is almost having the same one as take the statin Mevacor, which is 30.9%. And people who only take low fat food only had lowered LDL by 8% comparing with normal group.
Fish and Health
Seafood takes a prime role in Chinese feast. Chinese is good at cooking fish, they can make it very delicious and contain less cooking oil. For fish to maintain fluidity in cold water such as Alaska, their fats have to remain liquid. Fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. The two omega-3’s in fish are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA). EPA and DHA are essential for human health, DHA is critical to development of the brain and retina for infant, the human breast milk contains it. EPA and DHA benefit the heart and blood vessels.
In one study people eat four times of at least three-ounce salmon a month reduced 50 percent risk of cardiac arrest. Study shows EPA and DHA can inhibit the synthesis of substances that result inflammation and blood clots, stabilize the electrical activity of the heart. Lower blood pressure, triglycerides levels improve the functioning of artery linings.
Although human can convert alphalinolenic acid (ALA) to EPA and DHA, the conversion rate is so low, you need eat a lot of food containing ALA, that make it impractical. Eating fish is a good way to reach health.
As the world get more pollution, the fish also may become dangerous to your health. Mercury is a common toxin, be cautious, especially to pregnant women. Some deep-sea fish which eat other fish accumulate more mercury in their body such as tilefish, swordfish, shark, king mackerel. Also avoid fish which comes from some location or area which are heavily polluted.
Green Tea
Green Tea is a favourite and traditional drink of Chinese for thousand years. Recent studies have shown that epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) an antioxidant found in green tea, is at least 100 more times more effective than vitamin C and 25 times more effective than vitamin E at protecting cells and DNA from damage believed to be linked to cancer, heart disease and other serious illnesses. The antioxidant has twice the antioxidant benefit of reservation, found in red wine.
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