Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
participant, recognize, leaflet, distraction, jogging, gymnastic, set a date, breathe out, give up, make a list of, increase by, one in twelve, in order of
b. 重点句式
Whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke — do something else! P19
Drug use ... has increased by 30% ... P75
... because they have nothing better to do with their time. P75
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the Ss to talk about the ways of keeping away from smoking and drug addiction.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the Ss learn how to be far away from smoking and drug addiction.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重点和难点
Talk about the ways of giving up smoking and have a full understanding of drug problem in the UK.
Teaching methods教学方法
Fast reading and discussion.
Teaching aids教具准备
A slide projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
T: Last class we listened to two materials about drug users and smokers. Now we’ll translate some important sentences in them.
Show the sentences on the slide.
1. 这位教授是研究犯罪和毒瘾之间联系的专家。
2. 他们犯了什么罪？
3. 他们中的一些人行为如此恶劣以至于公众叫来了警察。
4. 大多数是20来岁的年轻人。
5. 他们都有共同点。
6. 毒品使用者在学校有可能陷入困境。
7. 事实上他们如此危险，以至于都有好几百万的人每年死于抽烟。
8. 第一件要做的事情是远离抽烟的人几周。
Ask some Ss to translate.
Sample answers:
1. The Professor is an expert on the connection between crime and drug addiction.
2. What kind of crimes do they commit?
3. Some of them behave so badly that members of the public call the police.
4. The majority are young people in their twenties.
5. They all have something in common.
6. Drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school.
7. In fact, they are so dangerous that millions of people die every year as a result of cigarette smoking.
8. The first thing to do is keeping away from people who smoke for a few weeks.
Step II Cultural Corner
This reading supplies the Ss with the ways to stop smoking. Advise the Ss who smoke to follow the advice and to be a healthy person.
T: Do you like smoking?
S: No.
S: No.
S: Yes.
T: When did you start smoking?
S: Last year.
T: Do you have any problems with smoking?
S: No.
T: Whose parents or grandparents smoke?
S: My father smokes.
T: Does he have any trouble with smoking?
S: Yes. His teeth and fingers are yellow.
S: My grandfather smokes.
T: Does he have any trouble?
S: Yes. He often coughs.
T: Does he want to give up smoking?
S: Yes. But he can’t.
T: Do you want to help him?
S: Of course. But I don’t know how to help him.
T: OK. Today we’ll learn some ways to help people give up smoking. Turn to page 19 and go through the three questions on the top of the page. Then read the passage quickly and find the answers.
Several minutes later, ask some Ss to express their opinions.
T: Have you finished?
Ss: Yes.
T: After reading the passage, which of the four Ds do you think is the best idea?
S: In my opinion, the second one is the best idea. If someone who wants to smoke is busy doing something else, he can forget smoking for a short period of time. Then gradually he can resist the cigarettes.
T: Good. Which of the other ideas do you like best?
S: I like the fourth one best. If you have developed some other interests, you will have many things to do. Of course, the time for smoking is less.
T: I agree with you. Do you think you would follow the advice if you were a smoker? Why or why not?
S: If I were a smoker, I would follow the advice. Besides it, I will also take some other good advice to stop smoking. Because I have known the harm smoking does.
T: The passage has provided us many methods to stop smoking. You can help yourself stop smoking if you are a smoker, and you also can help people around you stop smoking using these methods.
Step III Reading
This passage on page 75 is about drug use in the UK. First ask the Ss to look through the passage and match the headings with the paragraphs. Then show them some figures and ask Ss to find out what these figures refer to in the article and at last answer some questions.
T: We have read two passages. One is A Story of a Drug Addict, the other is the Dangers of Using Cocaine. From the two passages we can see the bad effect of drug use. So we should be far away from it. The passage we’ll read today is about drug problem in the UK. Now read it quickly and match the five headings with the paragraphs.
After a few minutes.
T: Have you finished?
Ss: Yes.
Ask one or two Ss to present their answers and then check the answers with the whole class.
T: Now, I’ll show you some figures. What I want you to do is to find out what these figures refer to. Finish it as quickly as you can.
Show the following figures on the screen.
30%, 35%, one in twelve, 500,000, ￡390 million, ￡3,000, 3,800
Note: Tell the Ss not to use the sentences directly from the passage. They should make a change. They shouldn’t say: Drug use in Britain has increased by 30% in the last five years. They should say: 30% refers to the increase of drug use in Britain in the last five years. Give the Ss some help when necessary.
After a few minutes, collect answers from the whole class.
T: Now please answer the questions in Ex. 10 on page 76. Find the answers quickly. Then talk about the answers with your partners.
Step IV Extra-reading
Show some other passages about drug use on the screen.
Background
Cocaine, the most potent stimulant of natural origin, is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant. It was originally used in South America in the mid-19th century by natives of the region to relieve fatigue. Pure cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride) was first used as a local anesthetic for surgeries in the 1880s and was the main stimulant drug used in tonics and elixirs for treatment of various illnesses in the early 1900s. Crack, the freebase form of cocaine, derives its name from the crackling sound made when heating the sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or ammonia used during production. Crack became popular in the mid-1980s because of its immediate high and its inexpensive production cost.
Cocaine most often appears as a white crystalline powder or an off-white chunky material. Powder cocaine is commonly diluted with other substances such as lactose, inositol, mannitol, and local anesthetics such as lidocaine to increase the volume of the substance and the profits of the drug dealers. Powder cocaine is usually snorted or dissolved in water and injected. Crack, or “rock”, is most often smoked.
Effects
The effects of cocaine normally occur immediately after ingestion and can last from a few minutes to a few hours. The duration of the drug’s effects depends on how it is ingested. Snorting cocaine produces a slow onset of effects that can last from 15 to 30 minutes, while the effects of smoking cocaine last from 5 to 10 minutes and produce a more intense high. Cocaine produces euphoric effects by building up dopamine in the brain, causing the continuous stimulation of neurons.
Users often feel euphoric, energetic, talkative, and mentally alert after taking small amounts of cocaine. Cocaine use can also temporarily lessen a user’s need for food or sleep. Short-term physiological effects include constricted blood vessels, dilated pupils, increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Ingesting large amounts of cocaine can intensify the user’s high, but can also lead to bizarre, erratic, and violent behaviors. Users who ingest large amounts may experience tremors, vertigo, muscle twitches, and paranoia. Other possible effects of cocaine use include irritability, anxiety, and restlessness.
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug. A tolerance is often developed when a user is seeking to achieve the initial pleasure received from first use, increases the dosage to intensify and prolong the euphoric effects.
Step V Homework
Ask the Ss to collect passages about drug use and smoking after class.
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