Periods 4-5 Word power
整体设计
教材分析
In this part, the students are required to focus on the differences between American English and British English. Some specific examples related to grammar, vocabulary and spelling are listed and presented to students. Students are required to identify and learn about the different expressions. They are expected to not only expand their prior knowledge but also apply it practically. Students are asked to explain what a colloquialism is and how it is used. If possible, students can list as many colloquialisms as possible.
三维目标
Knowledge aims:
1. To let students get familiar with the differences between American English and British English.
2. To know as many colloquialisms as possible.
3. To help students enlarge their vocabulary, especially those related to the topics.
Ability aims:
1. To enable students to learn some differences between American English and British English.
2. To enable students to learn some colloquialisms.
3. To help students learn how to use colloquialisms in spoken English.
4. To develop the ability of understanding words in context.
5. To learn about some colloquialisms and their origins.
Emotional aims:
1. To learn to be cooperative and helpful when working together.
2. To help students learn how to keep consistent in English usage.
重点难点
1. To attract students’ attention to colloquialisms.
2. To tell American English from British English.
3. To get students to understand what a colloquialism is and how it is used.
教学方法
1. Discussion in pairs or in groups.
2. Explanation and practice
教具准备
A tape recorder and the multimedia.
课前准备
1. Encourage the students to prepare the following topics. It is best for all of them to make preparations first, either by searching for information on the Internet or looking through background information in some books and so on. They can also be divided into several groups to get some information about the differences between American English and British English and some specific examples related to grammar, vocabulary and spelling. Students are encouraged to focus on the examples listed in their books and let them distinguish these differences first.
2. Encourage students to collect as many colloquialisms as possible either by searching for information on the Internet or looking up some phrases in the dictionaries. Ask students to focus on the examples listed in their books and look up the meaning of each phrase.
教学过程
→Step 1 Lead-in
1. Ask a student to write the following words from the text on the blackboard.
_____________English
vacation
soccer
trash can
garbage
living room
behavior
2. Ask the students to focus on the spelling and meaning of each word and discuss the question “Is the play written in American English or British English? ” At the same time, students are asked to focus on the differences between American English and British English by checking out the dictation on the blackboard. Meanwhile, write down the British English of each word.
American English
British English
vacation
holiday
soccer
football
trash can
dustbin
garbage
rubbish
living room
sitting room
behavior
behaviour
→Step 2 American English and British English
1. Ask Ss to talk about the question “In which aspect does American English differ from British English from the examples above? ”
Sample answer: in vocabulary and spelling
2. Let the students read the following dialogue and find out “Is it in American English or British English? ”
Sam went back to London to go on with his study in CMHS. He met David on the school campus.
Sam: Hi David. How are you?
David: Fine, have you just gone back from New York?
Sam: Yeah, I went back here last Monday.
David: How is your summer holiday, Sam?
Sam: Excellent, during my summer vacation I joined a soccer ball club and I can play it better now.
David: Good! I also practiced playing football this summer too.
Sam: OK. Please call me at 33543165 if the students’ union organizes a soccer ball match.
David: Good idea! You may call me on 25682275.
Sam: See you!
David: Goodbye!
Sample answer: Sam speaks American English while David speaks British English.
3. Ask Ss to answer the following question “Does American English differ from British English in other aspects, like pronunciation and grammar? Encourage them to demonstrate some examples.
Differences
Examples
pronunciation
grammar
spelling
vocabulary
Some examples:
Vocabulary
American English
British English
gas
petrol
baggage
luggage
mail
post
stairway
staircase
Spelling
American English
British English
color
colour
favor
favour
center
centre
traveling
travelling
Pronunciation
Grammar
American English
British English
She has an interesting book.
She has got an interesting book.
4. Ask Ss to use the information on page 26 and practice the dialogue on page 26.
T: Finish the exercises on page 26 individually first and then practice the dialogue with your partners.
Sample answer: 1)is that 2)centre 3)fitted 4)toilet 5)programme 6)colour 7)She’s just gone home. 8)on
→Step 3 Consolidation
1. Ask students to compare what they already know with these examples listed and encourage them to keep them in mind.
2. If possible, you can ask students to summarize all the differences between American English and British English.
→Step 4 Discussion
1. Ask the students to discuss the following questions:
1)As we all know, the accents in American English and British English are partly different，which do you prefer, American English or British English?
2)Do you think it helpful to know about these differences?
→Step 5 Colloquialisms
1. Divert students’ attention to colloquialisms and explain to students what a colloquialism is and how it is used.
What is a colloquialism? How is it used?
Sample answer: A colloquialism is an informal expression used in spoken English. Colloquialisms are never used in formal English or in writing, but are often used in conversation.
2. Students are required to list some colloquialisms they have already known.
3. The teacher presents sentences with colloquialisms to let students guess the meaning of colloquialisms and their origin.
Some examples:
A. I know you are busy, but could you just lend me an ear for a minute?
Meaning: to listen and pay attention to
Origin: In William Shakespeare’s time, around 1600, it was a common way of asking that you listen to a person speaking. Shakespeare used this expression in his play “Julius Caesar”.
B. If we don’t win this basketball game by at least twenty points, I will eat my hat.
Meaning: a saying used when you are 100 percent certain that something will happen
Origin: Many great writers, including Charles Dickens, have this expression.
4. Ask students to focus on Part A and have them finish the exercise individually first. Then conduct a feedback activity. After they finish it, check the answers together.
Meanings and origins of some colloquialisms mentioned in the text:
a no-brainer
Meaning: something easy to understand
a wet blanket
Meaning: a person who spoils other people’s fun by being boring
Origin: This is an early 19th-century expression. Native Americans and others often put out their campfires with blankets they had dipped in the nearest river. If fire represents excitement and joy, then the wet blanket that puts out the fire stands for a person who always expects bad things will happen.
all ears
Meaning: eager to listen; listening attentively and carefully
Origin: This expression is three centuries old. The ear is the organ by which a person hears. So, if we say you are all ears, it means that at that moment you’re carefully listening to whatever is being said. It is as if no other organs of your body mattered except your ears.
pull my leg
Meaning: to fool someone; to joke with someone
Origin: By the late 1800s people sometimes tripped other people by catching their legs with a cane or running a string across the sidewalk. Sometimes it was just for fun; at other times robbers did it to steal from the victim after he or she had fallen.
5. Let them work in pairs to make conversations in which these colloquialisms can be used.
Sample conversations:
1)A: Jin, can you explain this sentence to me? I don’t know what it means.
B: Sure. It’s a no-brainer.
2)A: (On a teenager party)I am afraid I have to go. My mom will be angry if I stay late.
B: Don’t be a wet blanket. It’s still early.
3)A: You don’t seem high. What’s up?
B: I am in trouble. I. . . I. . .
A: Come on, tell me. I’m all ears.
4)A: It is said that we will have no exam this Friday. That’s fantastic!
B: Are you sure? Don’t pull my leg.
6. Ask students to continue with Part B, as there are more colloquialisms. Encourage students to think over and discuss with each other first. If students still can’t work out the meanings, ask them to consult the dictionary.
Sample answers:
1)She is good at gardening.
2)He is very clumsy.
3)That is like criticizing someone else for a fault you have yourself.
4)It is raining heavily.
5)Don’t exaggerate something.
→Step 6 Exercises
In order to encourage students to be involved in this activity, teachers are advised to give students enough time to discuss with their group members fully. During practicing it, teachers are also advised to organize a competition to arouse students’ interest.
Fill in the blanks by using the following colloquialisms.
lend me an ear eat my hat a no-brainer a wet blanket pull my leg green fingers
rain cats and dogs green hand
make a mountain out of a molehill as quiet as a mouse
1. Kate, don’t be__________________ at the party. Let’s dance together.
2. Alice: Can you tell me what this sentence means?
Tim: This one? Oh, it is____________________ . I can tell you.
3. Jim, when I explain the language points, you should_________________ .
4. Rob is always late for school. If he can arrive at school on time today, I will______________.
5. Mum: Oh, you got wet all over. How is it, Daniel?
Daniel: Mum, don’t you know it_________________ on my way home?
6. Bob: Hey! Ellen, you got an A for your history exam.
Ellen: Don’t_________________. Are you serious?
7. Look at Mr. Smith’s garden. He has_____________.
8. Boss: Who is that dull boy? He even doesn’t know where his office is.
Manager: This is his first day here. He is a________________ .
9. Eric: Shall I stay in hospital for several days?
Doctor: Don’t_____________. You just got a fever.
10. Teacher: Boys and girls, when you are reading in the reading room, you should remain________________. Are you clear?
Students: Yes.
Sample answers: 1. a wet blanket 2. a no-brainer
3. lend me an ear 4. eat my hat
5. rained cats and dogs 6. pull my leg
7. green fingers 8. green hand
9. make a mountain out of a molehill
10. as quiet as a mouse
→Step 7 Language points
1. American English and British English differ in many small ways.
differ vi. 与……不同, 相异
British English differs from American English in spelling and pronunciation.
英式英语在拼写和发音上和美式英语不同。
Our opinions differ greatly from each other’s on that point.
我们的意见在那方面有很大的出入。
He differs from his brothers in looks.
他的长相和几个兄弟不同。
That is where we differ.
那就是我们意见不合的地方。
She always differs from me about how to spend the vacation.
有关如何度假一事, 她和我的意见总是不合。
2. That skirt fits badly. 那条裙子不合适。
1)fit用作动词, 主要指尺寸、形状方面的“适合”。如:
The coat doesn’t fit me. It’s too large.
这件外套不适合我, 它太大了。
These shoes fit perfectly. 这鞋子穿着很合适。
The jacket fitted me pretty well but the trousers were too small.
这件夹克很合我的身, 只是裤子太小了。
I can never get clothes to fit me.
我总也买不到合身的衣服。
The key doesn’t fit the lock. 这把钥匙打不开这把锁。
2)fit用作动词, 还可表示“相符，相协调”。如:
All the facts certainly fit what you said.
所有事实都与你所说的相符。
Something doesn’t quite fit here. 这里有些不太协调。
Mary doesn’t seem to fit in with other children.
玛丽好像与别的孩子处不好。
The lift was so small that only three people could fit in.
电梯很小, 只能容纳三个人。
Tom fits in perfectly at the football club. 汤姆在足球俱乐部混得很好。
His knowledge fitted him for the job／to do the job.
他有知识, 能胜任这个工作。
3)fit作形容词, 表示“适合的，适宜的”, 常作表语, 用于be fit for sth. ／be fit (for sb. ) to do. . . 结构中。如:
I don’t think Tom is fit for the job. 我认为汤姆不适合这个工作。
Are you really fit for the role of manager? 你真的能胜任经理的角色吗?
The food went bad, so it was not fit for us to eat. 食物变质了, 因此不适合吃了。
She is not fit to look after children. 她不适合照顾孩子。
4)fit用作名词, 表示“(衣服)合身”, 通常有形容词修饰; 也可表示“事物之间相互协调”。如:
Your coat was a good fit. 你的大衣很合身。
Your jacket is a beautiful fit. 你的夹克衫真合身。
【注】 fit, suit, match, go with的区别:
(1)suit表示“合身”时, 一般指款式、颜色合身; 另外还可以表示“发型适合某人”。如:
Red suits you. 红色适合你。
That color doesn’t suit your complexion. 那颜色不适合你的肤色。
It doesn’t suit you to have your hair cut short. 你不适合剪短发。
(2)match作动词, 可以表示“与……相配”。一般指事物之间样式、颜色相配, 此外match还可以表示“与某人相匹敌、相当”。如:
The tie matches your suit well. 这个领带很配你的西装。
Try to match the word with the correct meaning.
设法给单词配上正确的词义。
Her clothes don’t match her age. 她的服装和她的年龄不配。
We must find carpets that’ll match the curtains.
我们必须找到可以和这些窗帘搭配的地毯。
No one can match her in knowledge of classical music.
在古典音乐的知识方面没有人能和她相匹敌。
No one can match her at chess. 下国际象棋谁也比不上她。
In 2003, the number of overweight people in the world rose to match the number of the starving people.
2003年世界上超重人口与挨饿人口在数量上相当。
(3)go with是动词短语, 意为“与……相配/相配套”“同时存在”, 可与match互换。如:
The tape doesn’t go with this English book.
这盒磁带和这本英语书不配套。
Her blouse doesn’t go with her skirt. 她的衬衫和裙子不协调。
Disease often goes with poverty. 疾病与贫穷常相伴而生。
3. complain v. 抱怨, 发牢骚, 诉说(病痛等); (正式地)控诉, 投诉
complain to sb. about/of sth. 向某人抱怨或投诉某事
complain that. . .
complaint n. 抱怨, 投诉
He complained to me about her bad manners.
他向我抱怨她没礼貌。
You have nothing to complain of, do you?
你没什么可抱怨的, 是吗?
We complained to the police about the noise from the bar.
酒吧间的噪音太大, 我们向警方投了诉。
He complained to the waiter that his meal was cold.
他向服务员抱怨说饭菜是凉的。
4. They gave me a number to phone the manager on, so I called when I got home.
她们给了我经理的电话号码, 因此我到家后就打了电话。
1)call作动词, 意为“给(某人)打电话”。如:
I’ll call you again later. 我稍后再给你打电话。
2)call up意为“给某人打电话”“想起”“回忆某事”。如:
I will call you up tonight. 今天晚上我将打电话给你。
The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.
这欢笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。
3)call for意为“需要”“要求”“去找某人”“来取某物”。如:
The present situation calls for an immediate action.
当前的形式要求立即采取措施。
This invitation does not call for an answer.
这张请帖不要求答复。
Success calls for much hard work. 成功需要大量艰苦的工作。
The woman called for roadside help when her car broke down.
当那位妇女的车抛锚的时候, 她请求过路人帮助。
The area calls for a supply of water. 这个地区需要水的供给。
I’ll call for you at six o’clock and we’ll go to the cinema together.
我6点来邀你一起去看电影。
Shall we send the goods, or will you call for them?
是我们把货送过去, 还是你们来取?
4)call in意为“召集(尤其是指召集处理紧急或困难形势)”“下令收回”。如:
A lot of firefighters were called in to help control and prevent the spread of fire.
很多消防人员被召集去控制和防止大火的蔓延。
The police have been called in to help find the missing girl.
警察被召集来帮助寻找失踪的孩子。
5)call on sb. 表示“拜访某人”。如:
I thought I would call on Mr. Zhang on the way home.
我想在回家的路上去拜访张先生。
Mr. Smith said that he would call on me tomorrow.
史密斯先生说他将在明天来看我。
【注】 “拜访／访问(某地)”要用call at a place, 如:
I’d like you to call at my uncle’s on Sunday.
我想要你星期天去我叔叔家。
We called at John’s house yesterday. 昨天我们去了约翰家。
I called at the bank to transfer some money.
我去银行兑了点钱。
6)call on／upon sb. to do. . . 意为 “恳求某人做……”“号召某人做……”。如:
We are calling on you to help us. 我恳请你帮助我们。
I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting.
现在请主席致辞。
7)call out 意为“大声说”“给……下令罢工”“(尤指一伙人)出动”。如:
Call out the numbers so that we can hear them at the back.
大声地说一下数字, 以便我们在后面能听到。
Miners were called out by union leaders.
矿工遵照工会领袖的指示举行罢工。
5. I still wish we could go and see a film tomorrow though!
不过我仍然希望我们明天能去看电影。
1)“wish+that 从句”表示无法实现的愿望, 从句须用虚拟语气。
表示现在无法实现的愿望, 从句谓语用一般过去时。
I wish that it were morning.
我真希望现在是早晨。(若系动词是be, 皆可使用were)
I wish that I were a bird. 我真希望我是一只鸟。
I wish I were as rich as he. 但愿我和他那样有钱。
How I wish I bought a house like that.
假如我能买一栋那样的房子该多好!
表示将来无法实现的愿望, 从句谓语用 would/could/should+v.
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 要是明天下雨就好了。
I wish I would fly to the moon some day in the future.
但愿将来某一天我能飞往月球。
表示与过去事实相反的愿望, 从句谓语用 had done。
I wish she had not left. 我真希望他没离开。
I wished I had tried many things at college.
我在读大学时, 若能多尝试一些事就好了。
2)(辨析) hope, wish
hope “希望”，后接从句时, 表达的是可以实现的愿望, 从句中不用虚拟语气。
hope 与wish 后皆可接不定式, 即: hope/wish to do sth.
wish 可用于 wish sb. to do sth. 结构, 而hope 则不可。
wish 表示良好的“祝愿”, 用于“wish sb. +名词或形容词”结构, 而hope 则不可。
I hope you can help me. 我希望你能帮我。
I hope/wish to see you again. 我希望再次见到你。
I wish him to pass the exam. 我希望他通过考试。
I wish you a happy New Year. 祝你新年愉快。
We wish you good luck. =We wish good luck to you. 祝你好运!
→Step 8 Summary
In this class, we have talked about the differences between American English and British English. From this class we know the differences between American English and British English as well as some specific examples related to grammar, vocabulary and spelling. You have known what a colloquialism is and how it is used, so after class, please list as many colloquialisms as possible and keep the examples of American English and British English in your mind.
→Step 9 Homework
1. Keep the examples of American English and British English in their mind.
2. Find more colloquialisms if they like.
3. Revise the play and find the sentences with attributive clauses.
板书设计
American English
British English
vacation
holiday
soccer
football
trash can
dustbin
garbage
rubbish
living room
sitting room
behavior
behaviour
Differences
Examples
pronunciation
grammar
spelling
vocabulary
Vocabulary
American English
British English
gas
petrol
baggage
luggage
mail
post
stairway
staircase
Spelling
American English
British English
color
colour
favor
favour
center
centre
traveling
travelling
Pronunciation
Grammar
American English
British English
She has an interesting book.
She has got an interesting book.
精彩片断
A. Ask Ss to answer the following question “Does American English differ from British English in other aspects, like pronunciation and grammar? Encourage them to demonstrate some examples. In order to encourage students to consider the question deeply, teachers are advised to give students enough time to discuss with their group members fully. During practicing it, teachers are also advised to organize a competition to arouse students’ interest.
Differences
Examples
pronunciation
grammar
spelling
vocabulary
B. Fill in the blanks by using the following colloquialisms.
lend me an ear eat my hat a no-brainer a wet blanket
pull my leg green fingers rain cats and dogs green hand make a mountain out of a molehill as quiet as a mouse
1. Kate, don’t be_______________ at the party. Let’s dance together.
2. Alice: Can you tell me what this sentence means?
Tim: This one? Oh, it is_________________ . I can tell you.
3. Jim, when I explain the language points, you should______________.
4. Rob is always late for school. If he can arrive at school on time today, I will______________.
5. Mum: Oh, you got wet all over. How is it, Daniel?
Daniel: Mum, don’t you know it______________ on my way home?
6. Bob: Hey! Ellen, you got an A for your history exam.
Ellen: Don’t________________. Are you serious?
7. Look at Mr. Smith’s garden. He has______________.
8. Boss: Who is that dull boy? He even doesn’t know where his office is.
Manager: This is his first day here. He is a_____________ .
9. Eric: Shall I stay in hospital for several days?
Doctor: Don’t______________ . You just got a fever.
10. Teacher: Boys and girls, when you are reading in the reading room, you should remain____________ . Are you clear?
Students: Yes.
Sample answers:
1. a wet blanket 2. a no-brainer 3. lend me an ear 4. eat my hat 5. is raining cats and dogs 6. pull my legs 7. green fingers 8. green hand 9. make a mountain out of a molehill 10. as quiet as a mouse
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