Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language
(The Attributive Clause )
Introduction
In this period students will be learning about music terms in English first. Then they shall go on to discover useful words and expressions. After that they may be given materials to learn about the attributive clause (in/ for/ with/ by＋which/ whom).
Objectives
To help students learn about the attributive clause (in/ for/ with/ by＋which/ whom)
To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions
To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures
Procedures
Warming up by getting to know about the functions of music
Hi, everyone. Most of us like music. But why do we like music? What are the functions of music?
What are the functions of music?
＊Make things more lively and interesting
Make things better for people to understand and enjoy
Express people’s feeling
Make people feel good
Help people forget their pain
Attract people’s attention
help people to remember things well
2. Doing words and expressions exercises
Turn to page 35 and do exercises No. 1, 2 and 3 first. Check your answers against your classmates’.
3. Reading to find and think
Turn to page 34 and read with me the text of THE BAND THAT WASN’t. As you read on, pay attention to The Attributive Clause (in/ for/ with/ by＋which/ whom), that is, the attributive clauses with a preposition ahead of the relative pronoun shown in the sentences.
For reference The musicians of whom the band was formed played jokes on each other as well as played music. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, “The Monkees” started to play their own instruments and write their own songs like a real band.
4. Doing structures exercises
Turn to page 34. Read the text once again to find all examples containing attributive clauses introduced by “prep.＋which/ whom”
Pay attention to the structure preposition + relative pronoun. Usually only two relative pronouns —which and whom—can be used in the Attributive Clause, with a preposition put before the clause. That can’t be used. Look at the screen. Here are more examples on this kind of structure.
1.This is the reason for which he left his hometown. (=why)
2.I’ll never forget the day on which we stayed together. (=when)
3.This is the girl from whom I learned the news.
4.The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
5.I’ll show you a store in which you may buy all that you need.(=where)
6.I don’t like the way in which you laughed at her.(=that)
Now go on to do Exercise No. 2 on page 36, that is, to sort out the sentences.
5. Closing down by reading more on the attributive clause (in/ for/ with/ by＋which/ whom
In formal styles we often put a preposition before the relative pronouns which and whom
(The rate at which a material heats up depends on its chemical composition.
(In the novel by Peters, on which the film is based, the main character is a teenager.
(An actor with whom Gelson had previously worked contacted him about the role.
(Her many friends, among whom I like to be considered, gave her encouragement.
Notice that after a preposition you can't use who in place of whom, and you can't use that or zero relative pronoun either
(Is it right that politicians should make important decisions without consulting the public to whom they are accountable? (not—the public to who they are accountable.)
(The valley in which the town lies is heavily polluted. (not—The valley in that the town...)
(Arnold tried to gauge the speed at which they were traveling. (not—the speed at they were traveling.)
In informal English we usually put the preposition at the end in attributive clauses rather than at the beginning
(The office which Graham led the way to was filled with books.
(Jim's footballing ability, which he was noted for, had been encouraged by his parents.
(The playground wasn't used by those children who it was built for.
In this case we prefer who rather than whom (although whom is used in formal contexts). In restrictive attributive clauses we can also use that or zero relative pronoun instead of who or which (e.g. ...the children (that) it was built for).
If the verb in attributive clauses is a two-or-three-word verb (e.g. come across, fill in, go through, look after, look up to, put up with, take on) we don't usually put the preposition at the beginning
( Your essay is one of those (which/that) I'll go through tomorrow. (rather than...through which I'll go tomorrow.)
( She is one of the few people (who/that) I look up to. (not ... to whom I look up.)
In formal written English, we often prefer to use of which rather than whose to talk about things
(A huge amount of oil was spilled, the effects of which are still being felt. (or...whose effects are still being felt.)
(The end of the war, the anniversary of which is on the 16th of November, will be commemorated in cities throughout the country. (or...whose anniversary is on...)
Note that we can't use of which in place of whose in the patterns described in Unit 71B
(Dorothy was able to switch between German, Polish and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. (not..,all whose she spoke...)
We can sometimes use that...of in place of of which. This is less formal than of which and whose, and is mainly used in spoken English
(The school that she is head of is closing down. (or The school of which she is head...)
Whose can come after a preposition in attributive clauses. However, it is more natural to put the preposition at the end in less formal contexts and in spoken English
(We were grateful to Mr Marks, in whose car we had traveled home. (or...whose car we had traveled home in.)
(I now turn to Freud, from whose work the following quotation is taken. (or...whose work the following quotation is taken from.)
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