Unit 2 Working the land
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. expand / extend / spread / stretch
2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession
词形
变化
1. hunger n.[u] 饥饿；欲望
hungry adj. 饥饿的
2. expand v.使变大；伸展
expansion n.[u,c]扩大；扩展
3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意
达到要求；满足需要
satisfied adj. 对……
表示满意
satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfaction n. 满意
4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)
免费的(地) vt. 解放
freedom n.自由
5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备
equipment n.[u] 装备；设备
6. discover vt.发现，找到
discovery n.被发现的事物，发现
discoverer n. 发现者
重点
单词
1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力
2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备
3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜
4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩
5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n.[c,u] 焦点；中心点
6. comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n.[c,u] 评论；议论
重点
词组
1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)
2. rid sb./sth. of 使某人某物摆脱
3. be satisfied with 对……表示满足或满意
4. would rather 宁愿……
5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发
6. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往
7. keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物)
重点句子
1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.
重点语法
V-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. expand / extend / spread / stretch
【解释】
expand指向四面八方的扩大扩张
extend 强调向某一方向的延长
spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开
stretch 指手掌，手臂，腰，腿，颈由曲变直，由短变长的伸展或伸出，多与out连用
【练习】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的适当形式填空。
1). The man _______ the information around.
2). The empire _______ its country in the 16th century.
3). The road builders worked hard to _______ the high way.
4). She _______ out her hands to meet me.
5). The project will _______ the city’ s telephone network to cover 1000000 users.
Keys: 1). spread 2). expanded 3). extend 4). stretch 5). expand
2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession
【解释】
occupation指一个人经常担任的工作，不论是否领取工资。
job非正式用语，指一份固定的赚钱工作，不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。
work多用来指工作本身，平常我们每做一件事无论大小，都可以称为work。
employment 指受雇于他人，领取工资谋生计，并且比较固定的工作。
career 指职业、事业；指某种经过特殊训练而又为之献身的终身事业，带有崇高色彩。
profession 指那些必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任，带有专业性质的工作，多为创造性的脑力劳动。
【练习】用occupation，job，work，employment，career，profession的适当形式填空。
1). She has a good ________ in the bank.
2). She is an architect by ________.
3). She abandoned her stage ________.
4). Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find ________.
5). Please write down your name, ________ and address here in the form.
Keys: 1). job 2). profession/occupation 3). career 4). employment 5). occupation
III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. hunger n.[u] 饥饿；欲望
hungry adj. 饥饿的
2. expand v.使变大；伸展
expansion n.[u,c]扩大；扩展
3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意
达到要求；满足需要
satisfied adj. 对……表示满意
satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfaction n. 满意
4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)
免费的(地) vt. 解放
freedom n.自由
5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备
equipment n.[u] 装备；设备
6. discover vt.发现，找到
discovery n.被发现的事物，发现
discoverer n. 发现者
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). In some poor African areas, many children died of ________ (hungry) every year.
2). The basic needs of the world population should ________ (satisfy) first.
3). The survey found that men got greater ________ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work.
4). The rapid ________ (expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems.
5). We were told to keep all our sports ________ (equip) in the lockers downstairs.
6). The people there enjoy complete ________ (free) of speech.
7). The ________ (discover) of electricity was Franklin.
8). Like many ________ (discover), atomic power can be used for good or evil.
Keys: 1). hunger 2). be sarisfied 3). satisfaction 4). expansion 5). equipment 6). freedom 7). discoverer 8). discoveries
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力
[典例]
1). They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。
2). The book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。
[词语归纳]
struggle for 为……而斗争 struggle with / against与……作斗争
struggle to do sth.努力做某事 straggle to one’ s feet挣扎着站起来
a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). They are ________ (为……而斗争) the position
2). They struggled all through the years ______ us _______ the Japanese.(介词)
3). The fox struggled ________ (escape).
4). He _______ _______ _______ _______ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead.
Keys: 1). struggling for 2). with; against 3). to escape 4). struggled to his feet
2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.[u] 装备；设备
[典例]
1). They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。
2). A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。
[重点用法]
equip sb./sth. with 用……武装某人；用……装备某物
equip sb./sth. for 为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物
a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). The soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons.
2). We must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children.
3). This library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research.
4). Our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.
Keys: 1). equipped with 2). to deal with 3). for 4). is equipped with
3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜
[典例]
1). If you go now, you’ ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。
2). I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。
[重点用法]
regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知
regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事 regret that 遗憾/后悔…
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). I now regret _______ (leave) school so young.
2). _______ _______ _______ _______(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.
3). I regret _______ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed.
Keys: 1). leaving / having done 2). Much to my regret/To my great regret 3). to inform
4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低
[典例]
1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤。
2). The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。
[重点用法]
reduce sth (from...) to... 把某物从……减少到…… reduce sth. by... 减少多少
[练习] 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。
1). We must reduce our expenses ______ 300 yuan a month.
2). Their output has been reduced ______ 10 percent.
3). He reduced his weight ______ 6 kilos.
Keys: 1). to 2). by 3). by
5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. [c,u] 焦点；中心点
[典例]
1). Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。
2). Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。
[重点用法]
focus on集中于 focus (one’ s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). The focus of recent research has been _______ (介词) environmental issues.
2). All eyes _______ _______ (集中于) her.
3). They focused their mind on ______ (do) the experiment.
Keys: 1). on 2). focussed on 3). doing
6.comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. [c, u] 评论；议论
[典例]
1). The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。
2). “Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，你是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。”
[重点用法]
comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论
make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). Have you any comment(s) _______ (make) on the recent developments?
2). Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _______ _______ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made.
3). She was asked about the pay increase but _______ _______ _______ (不进行评论) on it.
Keys: 1). to make 2). commented that 3). made no comment
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)
[典例]
1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。
2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。
[重点用法]
thanks to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：
1). He was injured due to /owing to a car accident.
2). His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.
3). The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow.
4). Thanks to him, I’ m getting better and better .
5). It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game .
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。
___________________________________________________________________________
2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句)
___________________________________________________________________________
3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。
___________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). Thanks to the new policy, we are now having a happy life.
2). It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.
3). I was late thanks to the traffic jam.
2. rid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱……
[典例]
1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他
免除痛苦。
[重点用法] rid 短语：
be rid of 摆脱 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉
rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠 rid oneself of debt 还清债务
[类似用法动词]
inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… 通知/警告/治愈某人……
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). He struggled to _______ _______ _______ (使自己摆脱) his guilt.
2). The proposals are an attempt to _______ _______ _______ (使国家清除) political corruption.
3). He was a boring nuisance! I’ m glad to _______ _______ _______ (摆脱他的纠缠) him.
4). I still can’ t _______ _______ _______ (摆脱) my cold.
5). The sales manager asked his men to _______ _______ _______ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.
6). The passengers ______ _______ _______ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing.
Keys: 1). rid himself of 2). rid the country of 3). be rid of 4). get rid of
5). inform him of 6). are warned of
3. be satisfied with = be content with 对……表示满足或满意
[典例]
1). I was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。
2). You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。
[重点用法]
sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意 sb. is satisfied sth. 对……表示满足或满意
be satisfied to do 对做……感到满意 be satisfied that clause 对做……感到满意
a satisfied smile 满意的微笑 a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客
feel a sense of satisfaction感到满足感 to sb’ s / sth’ s satisfaction 使某人满意的是
far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足 it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的
a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出
get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one’ s work 从自己的工作中得到满足
[练习] 根据句子意思用satisfy 的适当形式填空。
1). I am not ________ (satisfy) with your work. You must improve it.
2). The result doesn’ t ________ (satisfy) me.
3). What he has done is far from ________ (satisfy).
4). He hung up the phone, ________ (satisfy) with a smile on his face.
5). It can be very ________ (satisfy) to work in the garden.
6). Finance officials expressed ________ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.
Keys: 1). satisfied 2). satisfy 3). satisfactory 4). satisfied 5). satisfying 6). satisfaction
4. would rather 宁愿……
[典例]
1). I’ d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。
2). “Some more wine?” “Thank you, I’ d rather not. I have to drive home.”“再来一点酒好吗?”“不要了，我不能再喝了。 我还得开车回家呢。”
[重点用法]
would rather do A (than do B) = would (prefer to) do A (rather than do B) 宁愿做甲事(而不做乙事)
would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事
[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). I would rather you ________ (know) now, than afterwards.
2). Rather than ________ (ride) on a crowded bus, I prefer ________ (walk).
3). 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。
____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). knew 2). ride; to walk 3). She’ d rather die than lose the children.
5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发
[典例]
1). You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。
2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). Slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface.
2). Exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles.
3). They have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company.
Keys: 1). builds up 2). build up 3). built up
6. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往
[典例]
1). This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。
2). His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。
[短语归纳] lead短语：
lead sb. to 把某人带到 lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事
[练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。
1). The events ________ ________ the start of the First World War.
2). What led him ________ (kill) his wife?
3). He had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.
4). Our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.
5). Too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness.
6). He will lead the party of scientists ________ (do) the research.
7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ ________ success.
8). The driver’ s carelessness ________ ________ the serious traffic accident.
Keys: 1). led to 2). to kill 3). to believe 4). to 5). leads to 6). in doing
7). leads to 8). led to / resulted in
7. keep...free from/of = protect sb./sth. from... 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物)
[典例]
1). We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。
2). I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). We’ ve managed to ________ the garden ________ ________weeds this year.
2). Relaxation exercises can ________ your body ________ ________ tension.
Keys: 1). keep; free of 2). keep; free of
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
[解释] 不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/right/only/very/... + n. + to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的……做某事的人/物，如：
1). He is always the first (student) to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来和最后一个离开的（学生）。
2). The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的是船长。
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). I think he is the right person ________ (tell) her about this.
2). I’ d be the first ________ (admit) I might be wrong.
Keys: 1). to tell 2). to admit
2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
[解释] make it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式, it 做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语，有时
真正的宾语是从句。常和动词consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove
等连用。如：He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。
再如：
1). The bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.
2). We make it a rule to do some English practice before class.
3). Tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt.
4). Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin?
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 我们觉得支持好的领导是我们的职责。
___________________________________________________________________________
2). 我记得我想你讲清楚我不会来的。
___________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). We consider it our duty to support good leaders.
2). I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.
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