Module 2 Traffic Jam
Using Language---教案
教学目标：
1. 知识目标：复习拓展与话题Traffic Jam有关的词汇：
1) Some means of transportation. eg. coach, trolleybus, cab….
2) Some compound nouns eg. ring road, traffic lights, rush hour, bicycle lane, road works, city center…
3) Some adjectives related to the speakers’ feelings eg. funny, ridiculous, annoying
2. 听力技能目标：学会对听力材料进行一般性信息与重要信息的划分。
3. 口语技能目标：学会谈论自己所在的城市的交通状况。
4. 学会准确地使用 imperatives, 并用should, shouldn’t, Why not和 Why don’t you 造句。
5. 文化意识与情感态度目标：在了解自己所在城市的交通状况的基础上发现存在的问题,并提出可行的解决办法，从而构建绿色家园。
教学重点与难点：
重点：构建词汇网络；训练语境猜词技巧。
难点：灵活运用所学的词汇及表达灵活进行实际交流。
1. 听懂对话中的重要细节。
2. 运用听力对话中出现的交际用语。
3. 使用英语列举学生自己所在城市存在的交通问题并提出解决的办法。
教学方法：
情景创设法、任务型教学法、（解决问题型任务，推理型任务，分享个人经验型任务，
点阐述型任务）多媒体辅助教学法。
学习方法：在听力训练中指导学生“阅读指令，并对题目的设置进行解读”引导他们借助已有信息和自身的知识背景，对未知内容进行充分的预计。
教学过程：
Step1. Introduction:
利用情景创设法，通过图片的导入，学习一些与交通工具有关的词汇和一些复合词，为听力做准备让学生知道该听什么, 训练语境猜词技巧。
It’s a bus used for long distances. coach
It’s got two wheels and it’s fast. motorbike
You must pay to use this car. trolleybus
This is a suburban railway. It’s usually under the city. taxi/ cab
It’s slow, cheap and has two wheels. underground
lots of traffic which isn’t moving traffic jam
a road which goes around a city ring road
a red one means “stop”; a green one means “go” traffic lights
the busiest time of the day rush hour
a part of the road reserved for bicycles bicycle lane
work in progress on a road road works
the center of the city city centre
Step 2. Listening
1. Pre-listening: Ask students to predict what topics the people of Beijing speak about by means of
the five pictures.
2. While-listening:
1) Listen and match the traffic situations with the speakers.
2) Listen to the tape and choose the correct sentences on page 14.
3) Listen again and answer the questions:
○ What problem did speaker 1 have after the tea party?
The traffic still don’t move.
○ What did speaker 2 tell the taxi driver to do?
To turn back and go home.
○ What is the cause of traffic jams, in the opinion of speaker 3?
People disobeying the traffic rules.
○ What solutions to the traffic problem does speaker 4 talk about?
Limit the number of cars, build more underground lines, and build the road in the sky.
○ What is speaker 5 surprised at?
The fact that people see what causes the problem, then do the same thing again.
Step 3. Speaking
1. If you are a motorist stuck in a traffic jam, what will you do to kill the time?
2. Do you think it’s a good way to solve the traffic problems?
如，switch off the motor, turn on the car radio, speak to your passengers, keep cool, loose temper, blow the horn, react when others drive badly, get angry, get out of the car for fun
(此处学生所列举内容为板书内容)
Step 4 Consolidation and Extension
List some traffic situation in Tianjin and collect some solution to the problems, using the expressions such as:
We should/shouldn’t…
Why not…?
Why don’t you…?
Make sure you …
It’s a good idea to …
Traffic situation: Solution
1. The roads are very busy. (underground)
2. Buses are always crowded. (minibuses)
3. The rush hour is terrible ( at a different time)
4. There aren’t enough roads. ( new ones)
5. Too many people break the rules. ( more traffic policemen)
6. There isn’t any room for cars to park. ( underground car parks, new measures to take)
Step 5 Homework
1. Write a similar passage about your hometown as the one on page18, including the problems, the cause, and the solution.
2. Read the passage “Top Tips for World Travelers” on page 75 and match the heading with the paragraphs.
Module 2 Traffic Jam
Reading---教案
Step1 Leading-in: Match the words with their meanings.（part 3）
This part is provided as a warming-up for the upcoming reading. Because by doing this, students can get more familiar with some of the new words.
Step 2 Listening: Listen to the tape for the text and find what means of transportation are mentioned in the passage.
This step can save some time and test the students’ listening skills as well.
Step 3 Fast-reading: Read the text fast and try to get the main idea of the passage. Then fill in the chart. Allow them to discuss the questions if they find it difficult.
Transportation
Availability
Advantages
Disadvantages
Taxis
24 hours a day
convenient
expensive
Buses and trolleybuses
5 am to midnight
cheap
can be crowded
Minibuses
regular service
cheap and not crowded
not mentioned
Underground
5 am to 11 pm
fast convenient
crowded at rush hours
Pedicabs
not mentioned
special and interesting
expensive
Step 4 Detail-reading: Read the text carefully again and answer the questions.
Teachers may allow students to finish this part in pairs. Make sure they answer the questions in complete sentences.
Step 5 Fill in the blanks according to the text as a consolidation.
1. You break the law if you drive without a driving_________.
2. Remember to ask for a ________ after you pay for what you buy.
3. Trolleybuses follow certain ________ every day to pick up passengers.
4. In traveling, the place you want to go to is your ___________.
5. Local train and bus time tables are ________ on the notice board in the hall.
6. Man has already begun ________ the Mars, hoping to find signs of life there.
7. Tourists shouldn't miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most_______ routes, ______the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park.
8. If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs. You’ll ___________ the rapidly changing city.
9. However, there is also a night bus service, _________by buses with a number in the 200s.
10. Minibuses with seat for 12 passengers offer an______ to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas.
11. They run regular services and follow the same routes _____ large public buses.
12. There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are________.
13. Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours ______be terrible.
14. Station names are _______ in pinyin.
15. Tricycles are _________if you want to ____ the narrow alleys of old Beijing.
Step 6: Deal with another reading material in workbook on page 75.
Just finish off part 9 and 10
Step 7： Group work find the advantages and disadvantages of the five means mentioned in the text by reading the text again .
Homework:
1).Read the text and try to recite the second passage.
2) Pre-learn the grammar and culture corner.
3) Try reading the sentences in Pronunciation on page 15.
Language points:
1. display vt./ n. 展示，陈列，显露
e.g. Department stores display their goods in the windows.
百货公司将货物陈列在橱内。
The peacock displayed its fine tail feathers.
孔雀开屏。
the exhibits on display
陈列的展览品
to make a display of one’s knowledge
炫耀自己的知识
2. explore vt. 探索，探究，仔细探察
exploration n. 探索，考察
e.g. Columbus discovered America, but didn’t explore the new continent.
哥伦布发现了美洲，但未对此新大陆加以探测。
explore ways and means of solving the question 寻求解决问题的方式、方法
make further explorations 进一步探索
space exploration 宇宙空间探索
3. check v. 检测/核对
e.g. Let me check whether the potatoes are cooked.
I will call the company to check whether the beds can be delivered today.
check, examine 都可表示“检查”
check 含有“校对”或“找错”之意；examine 含有“察看或观察以了解情况”之意。
check that/whether/how/who …
check in 在旅馆登记住宿; 登记；报到
check out 结帐并离开（旅馆、住所）
check over 查看；检查
4. public transport n. [U] 公共交通;公交车辆
in public 公开地 the public 大众 （+谓语用复数）
a public telephone 公用电话
5. fare n. [U] (坐车，飞机等花费的)费用
bus/train/air/cab fare
e.g. I need some money for my bus fare.
What is the bus fare to London?
Air fares have shot up by 20%.
6. view n. [U] 视野、景色
e.g. In Yunnan Province, we had a lovely view of the stone forest.
As we drove out along the road, we had a fine view of the country.
We'd like a room with a view of the sea.
From the top you get a panoramic view of the city.
7. seat n./ v. 座位，就座, 可坐（某数量的人）
seat oneself at/on/in/near … sth
take a seat / take one’s seat
e.g. Please be seated.
The hall seats 600.
She seated herself at the desk.
8. under construction 正在修建
under attack under control
under discussion under repair
9. worth adj. 值… n. 价值
e.g. How much is this bicycle worth?
It is worth￡500.
The rarer it is, the more it is worth.
It's worth reading.
It isn't worth waiting for him.
be worth (doing) sth 值得做
e.g. New York is a city worth visiting.
This book is worth reading twice.
His suggestion is worth considering.
10. explore v. 探索, 勘探, 研究
e.g. China plans to explore the Mars in 10 years.
The children have gone exploring in the woods.
We must explore all the possibilities for the solution to the problem.
China is one of the earliest countries to explore the Antarctic regions.
11. Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time.
If you raise your hand, a taxi will appear in no time.
Do sth, and you will do…. =If you do sth, you will do …
Do sth, or you will not do …If you do sth, you will not do…
12. the same +sb. /sth. as…和…相同
e.g. The student has made the same mistake as last time
She goes to the same university as her father did.
Module 2 Traffic Jam
Grammar---教案
Step1 Revision
(1)Fill the blanks with the newly learned words or phrases in the module.
What time would it be c_________ for you to come round?
You can’t get into the research station without a p_____.
Make sure you are given a r______ for everything you buy.
Have you found a s______ to working out the difficult problem?
After a three-hour journey, we arrived at our ___________(目的地).
The exhibition _________ (展出) many old valuable coins.
7. You must be ________ (提供) with warm clothes for the winter.
8. There are some very __________ (印象深刻的) buildings in the town.
9. Why don’t you dance? It’s easy. You can learn _________ (很快).
10. The wheels of the car ________ in the mud and we could not go on.
There was nothing interesting on, so she ___________ the TV.
The reservoir is _________________ (正在建设).
(2) Translate the following sentences:
1. 骑自行车要遵守交通规则
Follow the rules of the road when riding a bicycle.
2. 向左拐，你就会发现右边有个公园。
Turn left and you’ll find a park on your right.
3. 为什么不乘出租车呢？这样可以节省时间。
Why not take a taxi to save time?
Why don’t we ……
4. 一条新高速公路把我的家乡和这个城市连接起来。
My hometown is connected to the city by a new highway.
5. 今天早上我遇上了交通堵塞，所以上学迟到了。
I got stuck in a traffic jam in the morning, so I was late for school.
6. 公共汽车、火车和飞机使人们旅行更方便了。
Buses, trains and planes make it convenient for people to get around.
7. 2008年北京奥运会的很多工程正在建设之中。
Many projects for Beijing Olympics 2008 are under construction.
8. 他在班里总是排名第一，对其他同学来说，要赶上他简直是不可能的。
He is always in the first place in his class, so there is no way for all the other students to catch up with him.
Step 2 Dealing with Function
Imagine that we will produce a guidebook for the travelers to Tianjin, what do you want to add in it, especially about the traffic? That means how we could give our advice. Maybe the following patterns should be used in it.
A. You should check the cab has a business permit.
B. Make sure that you ask for a receipt.
C. It’s a good idea for you to have your destination written in Chinese.
Allow the students to discuss with each other in pairs and have a competition. Write their answers on the blackboard.
Step 3 Grammar learning
Finish off Part 1 and 2 on page 16. According to the information in Exx 1, the students can get to know the functions of different kinds of Imperatives, such as telling people what to do, giving instructions and advice, making recommendations and suggestions, and for making offers.
Notes about imperatives.
一.祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：
Keep off the grass!
勿踩草地！
Put the boxes in the small room.
把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二.祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：
1.行为动词原形＋其它成分。例如：
Make sentences after the model.
根据例句造句。
2. Be动词＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：
Be careful when crossing the street.
过马路时要小心。
3. Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其它成分。例如：
Let him go back now.
让他现在回去吧。
三.祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成『Don’t＋行为动词原形＋其它成分』。例如：
Don’t say that again!
别再那样说了！
2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成“Don’t be＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。例如：
Don’t be careless.
不要粗心。
注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。
3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：
(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。
(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。例如：
Don’t let me go with her tomorrow.
＝Let me not go with her tomorrow.
不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.
无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如： NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！
四.祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：
1.祈使句为肯定句时，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you? 例如：
Be sure to write to us, will you?
你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?
今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2.祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you? 例如：
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?
不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其它均用will you。例如：Let the boy go first, will you?
让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?
晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
五.祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：
--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.
请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
---Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.
不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
六.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.
把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
快点，否则我们要迟到了。
七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.
如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。
八.祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如：
Do shut up! 快住口！
九.特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：
More water and the young trees couldn’t have died.
＝If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.
如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。
十.运用祈使句的误区
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，做出正确判断。例如：
_______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check
析：如果空白处选填B(Check)项，则视为祈使句，但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接；如选A或D项(分词或不定式)，句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子结构。因此，只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。
祈使句历届高考大观:
1). —Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to…
—Don’t call me “Joe”. I am Mr. Parker to you, and _____ you forget it!
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
2). —Have another cup of coffee, OK ?
—___________.
A. With my pleasure B. You are welcome
C. I can manage it D. That’s very kind of you
3). —Alice, you feed the bird today, ______?
—But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
4). —Write to me when you get home.
— _________.
A. Yes, I must B. Yes, I should C. Yes, I will D. Yes, I can
5). _______ some of this juice — perhaps you’ll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have try
6). ______ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.
A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going
7). There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is: ____ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.
A. doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go
8). Go and join in the party. ______ it to me to do the washing–up.
A. Get B. Remain C. Leave D. Send
9). Tom, ______ yourself. Did you forget the school rules?
A. behave B. believe C. perform D. conduct
10). Stand over there _______ you’ll be able to see it better.
A. or B. while C. but D. and
Step 4 Dealing with Pronunciation and Everyday English.
Language points in the period.
have something./nothing/a little /a lot in common with…
in common with…
e.g. To my surprise, I have found a lot in common with the stranger.
In common with a lot of other cities, Tianjin can also see many traffic jams at all times.
avoid doing / being done
e.g. The book tells you how to avoid getting ill while traveling.
I managed to avoid the worse of the traffic.
3. drive sb. mad
e.g . The noises outside almost drive me mad.
Step 5 Homework
(1) Review the grammar today and prepare some material for the guidebook which must be done on paper.
（2）Pre-learn the culture corner and writing.
Module 2 Traffic Jam
Writing and Cultural Corner---教案
教学目标
知识目标：
1) Help the students to learn about solutions to traffic problems in London.
2) Grasp the basic writing rules and according to the example on Page 18, write a similar passage about the students’ town.
2. 能力目标：Encourage the students to discuss and decide whether the congestion charge is a good solution.
3. 文化意识与情感态度目标：By reading the students will learn about different culture in different part of the world.
教学重点与难点
通过cultural corner 的学习使学生能够发表自己对伦敦交通状况的看法，并且通过辩论的形式来增加对话的回合。学习写作的基本技巧。比如，如何使用求雅替换；文章的段落划分等。
学习方法：
使用资源策略获取更多国内外新型交通工具的信息。
教学过程：
Step 1 Introduction: Brainstorm
1. Say which means you can use to get around your hometown.
2. Which means is more convenient, environmental or comfortable to use? Give us reasons.
Can you list some kinds of new means of transport in the world? If not, please surf the Internet for help.
Step 2 Cultural Corner
1. Read the passage “ The London Congestion Charge” and answer the following questions in groups.
1). What was the traffic problem in London?
2). What is the solution of the problem?
3). What is a congestion charge?
4). What do the Londoners think of the idea?
5). Would a congestion charge be a good idea in your town?
2. Debate whether the congestion charge is a good idea.
1) I think it is a good idea. People don’t have to use cars, because they have enough facilities of travel like tubes or buses at the central of London. Cars lost the meanings if they can move only in slower speed than when they drove around in vehicles drawn by horses. Moreover, waste gas can be pollution in big cities, so they have to reduce it for themselves. The most important thing is that everyone has realized the harm by using cars.
2). In my opinion, the fact seemed no optimistic at all. We should do something basically to release the pressure of the city traffic. The best way to control traffic jam is to encourage people to use public transportations. The congestion charge must be effective, but not all things.
Step 3 Consolidation and Extension
1.Read the passage on Page 18 and answer the questions.
1). How many problems does the writer talk about?
2). What are the causes of the problems?
3). How many solutions does the writer find?
4). Who are they in They should close the city center?
5). Why does the writer divide the passage into two parts?
2. Write a similar passage about your town.
Step 4 Homework:
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