幻灯片 1Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
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幻灯片 2【素材示例】
假如你是新华中学的学生，准备参加学校组织的以“环境保护”为主题的演讲比赛，请你写一篇120～150词的英语演讲稿，就如何处理城市垃圾发表观点。
审题构思：
篇章结构：
内容要点：
拟关键词：
构建句式：
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幻灯片 3It is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities.①Rubbish must be treated properly，otherwise it may cause problems.It may pollute the air and water.If people breathe the polluted air or drink the polluted water，they may get ill.
Our city has begun to pay attention to the problem.For example，rubbish is sorted.Some rubbish，such as newspapers and glass，is recycled.The rest，which is believed to be harmful，is sent to a certain place and buried.②Laws have been passed to protect the environment，so waste water should be treated before it is poured into rivers.
【佳作播报】
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幻灯片 4We've been trying，but there is still a long way to go.After all，if everyone did his part to help fight against pollution，we could all share in a cleaner and more beautiful world.
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幻灯片 5【赏文酌句】
第一段：处理垃圾的重要性。
第二段：我们市处理垃圾、防止污染的一些具体做法。
第三段：发出呼吁：人人行动起来，制止污染，拥有更美好的家园。
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幻灯片 6【佳句模拟】
1．It is/was＋adj.＋to do sth做某事如何……
[模拟] It is very useful to help each other.
相互帮助很有益。
2．...，which/who...引导非限制性定语从句。
[模拟] Mary，who is our new teacher，has a good way to make her class interesting and lively.
玛丽，我们的新老师，她有一个使她的课堂生动有趣的方法。
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幻灯片 7
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幻灯片 8
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幻灯片 9
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幻灯片 10----
幻灯片 11exist vi.存在；生存
(教材原句)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也产卵，并且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
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幻灯片 12联想拓展
exsit in 存在于……之中
exist on 靠……为生
There exists/existed... 有……；存在……
existence n. 存在；生存
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
in existence 存在
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幻灯片 13完成句子
①Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations________ ________ ________ ________(存在在世界各地)． (2012·江西·阅读理解C)
②There________(存在)a close relationship between families and their milkmen. (2011·新课标·阅读理解A)
③这种想法是诗人才有的。
The idea________ ________ ________the minds of poets.
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幻灯片 14④人质靠面包和水生存了5个多月。
The hostages________ ________bread and water for over 5 months.
答案 ①exist throughout the world ②existed ③exists only in ④existed on
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幻灯片 15(教材原句)As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.随着火箭升空，我们被重重地向后推在座位上，因为我们在尽力地逃离地球的引力。
pull n．& vi.拉(力)；拖；牵引力
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幻灯片 16联想拓展
pull ahead 领先；追过
pull away 离开；脱身；拉掉
pull back 拉回；撤回
pull down 摧毁；推翻
pull through 从(病中)康复，渡过(难关)
pull in(into)/out (车)进站/出站
pull on 穿上
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幻灯片 17【词语辨析】 pull，drag，draw
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幻灯片 18①The train________and all the passengers got off.
A．pulled in B．pulled out
C．pulled on D．pulled down
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幻灯片 19完成句子
②帮我搬动一下钢琴，你来推，我来拉。
Help me move the piano，________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
③她常去的那家电影院已经拆除了。
The cinema she used to visit________ ________ ________ ________.
答案 ①A ②you push and I'll pull ③had been pulled down
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幻灯片 20in time及时；终于
(教材原句)They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体。
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幻灯片 21联想拓展
on time 按时；准时
in no time 立刻；马上
at no time 绝不
at a time 每次，一次
at one time 一度；曾经
at times 有时
all the time 一直，始终
for the time being 暂时
take one's time 从容不迫
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幻灯片 22①—Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back，just________to avoid the racing car. (2012·江苏，29)
A．in time B．in case
C．in need D．in vain
②I don't mind picking up your things from the store.________，the walk will do me good.
A．Sooner or later B．Still
C．In time D．Besides
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幻灯片 23③When she first arrived in China，she wondered what the future might have________for her，but now all her worries are gone.
A．in need B．in time
C．in preparation D．in store
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幻灯片 24完成句子
④布莱恩通常会及时赶回家里给孩子们洗澡。
Brian usually gets home________ ________to bathe the children.
⑤我赶得上那趟火车吗？
Will I ________ ________ ________ ________ the train/to catch the train?
答案 ①A ②D ③D ④in time ⑤be in time for
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幻灯片 25(教材原句)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。
prevent...from...阻止……做……
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幻灯片 26联想拓展
①表示“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的短语有：
stop sb(from)doing sth
keep sb from doing sth
forbid sb to do sth
②prevent/keep/stop sb from doing sth的主动式中，只有keep后面的from不能省略，而在被动式中三个短语的from都不能省略。
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幻灯片 27完成句子
①However，you have to sign a 25year agreement with the supplier，which could________ ________ ________ ________(阻止你改变)the roof. (2011·四川·阅读理解B)
②谁也阻止不了我们结婚。
Nobody ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
③莱西背上受了伤，这可能使他打不了明天的比赛。
Lacey has a back injury that may________ ________ ________ playing in tomorrow's game.
答案 ①prevent you from changing ②can prevent us/our getting married ③prevent him from
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幻灯片 28(教材原句)We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth‘s gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
联想拓展
break off 折断；突然停止；暂停
break into 闯入；破门而入
break down 分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉
break away 脱离；放弃；逃跑
break in 打断；闯入
break out 爆发；突发
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幻灯片 29①You can't predict everything.Often things don't________as you expect. (2011·江西，35)
A．run out B．break out
C．work out D．put out
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幻灯片 30完成句子
②Researchers around the globe have developed polymers(聚合物)and other materials that________ ________ ________ ________(开始分解)when they absorb either ultraviolet(UV，紫外线)or visible light .(2012·江苏·阅读理解C)
③这幢楼里的电梯总出故障。
The elevators in this building ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案 ①C ②begin to break down ③are always breaking down
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幻灯片 31now that...既然/因为……，引导原因状语从句(教材原句)...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.……重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。
联想拓展
常用的引导原因状语从句的连词还有：because，since，as，in that，seeing that，considering that等。
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幻灯片 32【词语辨析】 now that，since，for，because
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幻灯片 33用now that，since，for，because填空
①一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫。
It must be morning________the birds are singing.
②既然你忙，就让我帮你做吧。
________________you are busy，let me do it for you.
③既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。
________you can't answer the question，I'll ask someone else.
④因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。
We couldn't go out________it was too cold.
答案 ①for ②Now that ③Since ④because
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幻灯片 34it作形式主语,(教材原句)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得激烈动荡，也不知道这个圆体形状是否会继续存在下去。
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幻灯片 35联想拓展
it用作形式主语，可以替代从句、不定式、动名词等，it置于句首，无意义，使句式结构更加平衡。常见it作形式主语的句型有：
It is strange/obvious/true/possible/clear/likely...that...
It is a pity/a shame/a fact/a wonder...that...
It is said/thought/reported/decided/expected...that...
It is important/easy/hard/difficult/possible/necessary...for sb to do sth
It is a pity/a shame/a pleasure/bad manners/one's duty...for sb to do sth
It is kind/nice/wise/brave/silly/polite/friendly...of sb to do sth
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幻灯片 36①It was never clear________the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. (2011·江苏，26)
A．that B．how C．when D．why
②It is still under discussion________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. (2011·重庆，22)
A．whether B．when C．which D．Where
③It is not always easy for the public to see________use a new invention can be of to human life. (2011·重庆，34)
A．whose B．what C．which D．that
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幻灯片 37完成句子
④你来不了，真遗憾。
________ ________ ________you couldn't come.
⑤我们不可能及时赶到那里。
________ ________ ________ ________to get there in time.
答案 ①D ②A ③B ④It's a pity ⑤It's possible for us
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幻灯片 38倍数表达法的句型,(教材原句)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但是当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
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幻灯片 39联想拓展
英语中常见的倍数表达方法有：
①A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B
②A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
③A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of＋B
④A＋谓语动词＋倍数＋what从句
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幻灯片 40①The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be________the present one. (2011·陕西，17)
A．as three times big as
B．three times as big as
C．as big as three times
D．as big three times as
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幻灯片 41②The little boy was glad to see the cake his parents bought for him was________what he had expected.
A．twice size of B．twice the size of
C．twice of the size D．the twice size of
完成句子
③她的戒指有我的两个大。
Her ring ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
④这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍。
This dress_______ _______ _______ _______ _______that.
答案 ①B ②B ③is twice as big as mine ④is twice as expensive as
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幻灯片 42【考点警示】
1．that与whether仅起连接作用，不作句子成份；that无意义，不可省略，whether有意义“是否”。
2．只有it作形式主语或宾语，无其他代词。
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幻灯片 43【过关强练】
Ⅰ.用主语从句改写下列句子
1．Is he coming or not？It is still uncertain.
It is still uncertain _________________________________.
2．Why did he do it？It remains a mystery.
________________________ remains a mystery?
3．Something controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.It is pretty well understood.
It is pretty well understood_______________________
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幻灯片 444．Such a thing happened in your class.It was a pity.
_________________________________________________
5．The thing that you need is more practice.
_________________________________________________
答案 1.whether he is coming or not 2.Why he did it
3.that something controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and
out the atmosphere today 4.It was a pity that such a thing
happened in your class. 5.What you need is more practice.
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幻灯片 45Ⅱ.单项填空
1．After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth，________our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A．where B．what C．that D．how
2．________in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.
A．What is required B．What requires
C．It is required D．It requires
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幻灯片 463．________leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
A．Anyone B．The person
C．Whoever D．Who
4．________he has become a rich man is known to all in our town.
A．Because B．That
C．/ D．What
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幻灯片 475．The limits of a person‘s intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. (2012·安 徽，27)
A．where B．whether
C．that D．why
6．It is by no means clear________the president can do to end the strike. (2012·新课标，24)
A．how B．which C．that D．what
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幻灯片 487．Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter________you have lived there for a short or a long time.(2012·湖南·26)
A．why B．how C．whether D．when
8．The villagers have already known________we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.(2011·江西，26)
A．this B．that C．what D．which
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幻灯片 499．Before a problem can be solved，it must be obvious________the problem itself is. (2011·湖南，31)
A．what B．that C．which D．why
10．It was never clear________the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. (2011·江苏，26)
A．that B．how C．when D．why
答案 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A
10.D
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幻灯片 50见Word版双基达标
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幻灯片 51Ⅰ.书面表达集训
应用文(1)书信与电子邮件
应用文是高考中最常考的体裁之一，其中以书信、电子邮件最常见，其形式多样，内容丰富，写作时格式应正确，语言质朴地道。
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幻灯片 52典题示例
假如你是大学一年级新生李华。开学之初，你的英语老师Ms Li希望了解每位同学的英语学习情况，并征求教学建议。请按以下要点用英语给她写一封信。
1．对英语学习的认识；
2．自己目前的英语水平；
3．自己英语学习存在的主要问题；
4．对英语教学的两点建议。
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幻灯片 53注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信的开头和结尾已给出。
Dear Ms Li，
I'm very happy to have you as our English teacher._________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Li Hua
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幻灯片 54审题谋篇
1．书信应用文是常考的体裁；
2．人称：第一人称；
3．时态：一般现在时为主。
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幻灯片 55套用模板
1．格式模板
开头：称呼语(或客套语，近年来考试只要求写正文)
正文：As the world is becoming a global village，...①My English is OK/limited...②I have difficulty learning grammar...③I hope that you give us...④
结束语：一般考试中都给出。
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幻灯片 562．句式模板
(1)陈述困难
①have difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)doing sth
②find sth difficult
(2)寻求帮助
①be anxious to get help from sb
②Faced with so much difficulty，I have to ask for your help.
(3)表达“感激……”
①appreciate it if...
②be grateful for...
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幻灯片 57【佳作欣赏】
Dear Ms Li，
I'm very happy to have you as our English teacher.
As the world is becoming a global village，English is getting more and more important，so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
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幻灯片 58My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.I really hope that you can give me good advice on how to memorize new words.Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practice speaking.I believe we can make much progress in English with your help.
Thank you!
Li Hua
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幻灯片 59(2013·天津六校三模)
假设你是李华，你的一位美国朋友Jane在中国学习中文两年，即将回国，你们准备为她举办欢送会。请根据以下内容，给她写一封不少于100词的email。
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幻灯片 60写作内容
1．祝贺她顺利通过考试，她的学习进步很大，为她骄傲；
2．感谢她帮助你们学习英语；
3．邀请她参加欢送会，并告知欢送会相关事宜：
(1)时间：星期六晚六点；
(2)地点：阳光俱乐部(Sun Club)302房间；
(3)路线：在她所住宾馆门口乘坐332路公共汽车可直达。
参考词汇：欢送会farewell party
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幻灯片 61注意：email的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jane，
Congratulati on son your passing allt he exams.__________________________________________________________________________________________________
I wish you success and fulfillment in the years to come.
Yours，
Li Hua
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幻灯片 62 【参考范文】
Dear Jane，
Congratulations on your passing all the exams.I am delighted that you have really made great progress in your two years of studying in China.We are proud of you and we all appreciate your help with our English.
It's a pity that you have to go back Zsoon，so a farewell party for you will be held in Room 302 in the Sun Club at 6：00 p．m.this Saturday.We sincerely hope you will come and I'm sure we will have a good time together.By the way，you may
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幻灯片 63take Bus No.332 in front of your hotel and it will take you directly to the club.
I wish you success and fulfillment in the years &to
come.
Yours，
Li Hua
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幻灯片 64Ⅱ.特别关注——攻克长难句
1．Though Rita admits she often gets tired，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a difference in the world.(2012·山东·完形填空)
分析：本句含有一个though引导的让步状语从句和一个because引导的原因状语从句；介词短语of having made a difference in the world作后置定语，修饰feeling；句子的主干为：...she says she will continue with her work；she will continue...是宾语从句，作says的宾语；she often gets tired是admits的宾语从句。
译文：尽管Rita承认常常感觉很累，但她说她会继续她的工作，因为她喜欢那种在世界上能起作用的感觉。
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幻灯片 652．This was a huge task，so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain，the United States，and the British colonies to search every newspaper，magazine，and book ever written in English.
(2012·山东·阅读理解B)
分析：这是一个由so，and连接的并列句，主句是This was a huge task；to search every newspaper，magazine，and book ever written in English是不定式短语作目的状语；written in English是过去分词作定语。
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幻灯片 66译文：这是一个艰巨的任务，因此为了搜索用英语写的每一份报纸、杂志及每一本书，Murray不得不找来自英国、美国及英国殖民地的志愿者。
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幻灯片 67分析下列长难句并翻译成汉语
1．Journeys by rail and sea take longer，yes，but the hours devoted to being‘processed’ at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent.
分析：这是由but连接的并列句，句子的主干为：Journeys take longer，but the hours are absent；devoted to being‘processed’at departure and arrival in airports为过去分词短语作定语，与其所修饰的名词the hours之间为逻辑上的被动关系，相当于．..the hours which is devoted to being‘processed’at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent。
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幻灯片 68译文：是的，铁路和水路旅行花费的时间更长，但是在机场起飞和抵达所花费的“检查”时间却被幸运地避免了。
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幻灯片 692．They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. (2011·安徽·阅读理解C)
分析：这是个复合句，句子主干为They are the sort of friends...。the sort of...那种……；who are so close...为限制性定语从句修饰friends，说明朋友的性质，在这个定语从句中，还有so...that句式，这里省略了that，所以原句应该为．..so close that they trust each other with their lives；trust sb with sth/sb把……托付给某人。
译文：他们是那种关系密切到可以相互托付终生的朋友。
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