幻灯片 1Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 天文学:恒星科学 ---- 幻灯片 2Ⅰ. 单词盘点 根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇 1. __________(n. ) 天文学 2. _______(n. ) 系统;体系;制度 3. ______(n. ) 学说;理论 4. ___________(n. ) 大气层;气氛 astronomy system theory atmosphere ---- 幻灯片 35. ____________(adj. ) 基本的;基础的 6. ____(adv. ) 因此;于是 7. ______(vt. & vi. ) (使)迷惑;(使)为难 (n. ) 谜;难题 8. ______(adj. ) 温和的;文雅的 9. ______(vi. &vt. ) 碰撞;坠落 10. ____(n. &vt. ) 拉(力);拖;牵引力 fundamental thus puzzle gentle crash pull ---- 幻灯片 411. _____(vi. &vt. ) (使)浮动;(使)漂浮 (n. ) 漂浮物 12. _______(adj. )猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→ ________(n. )暴力 → ________(adv. )暴力地;猛烈地 13.______(prep. )不同;不像→ _____(vt. )喜欢(prep. )相像→ _____(adj. )可能的 14. ________(adj. )有害的→ ______(n. &v. )伤害→ ________ (adj. )无害的 15. _____(vi. )存在;生存→ _________(n. )存在;生存 float violent violence violently unlike like likely harmful harm harmless exist existence ---- 幻灯片 5【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空 ①The robbers hit them _______. They couldn’t bear it any more so they decided to answer _______ with _______ and began their _______ fightback. (violent) ②This object gives off ________ gases. They may do _____ to our health. You must make the object _________ before you use it. (harmful) ③Do you believe in the ________ of ghosts? Perhaps they only ____ in the minds of some people. (exist) violently violence violence violent harmful harm harmless existence exist ---- 幻灯片 6Ⅱ. 短语回放 1. 及时;终于 _______ 2. 产生;分娩 ___________ 3. 轮到某人;接着 ____________ 4. 阻止;制止 ______________ 5. 挡住(光线) ________ in time give birth to in one’s turn prevent. . . from block out ---- 幻灯片 76. 感到高兴;感到振奋 ________ 7. 既然 ________ 8. 突发;爆发 _________ 9. 密切注视;当心;提防 _________ 10. 和;以及 _________ cheer up now that break out watch out as well as ---- 幻灯片 8Ⅲ. 句式扫描 1. ____________________(它会变成什么样)was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 2. The earth became _____________(如此猛烈以至于) it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. What it was to become so violent that ---- 幻灯片 93. This produced a chain reaction, which _________________ _____________(使得生命得以发展). 4. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried _____________(两倍远)on the earth and fell over. made it possible for life to develop twice as far as ---- 幻灯片 10【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子 ①make it +adj. /n. + to do sth. 仿写:他早上六点起床成了惯例。 _________________________________________ ②倍数+as. . . as. . . 句型 仿写:我的收入是他的两倍。 ______________________________ He made it a rule to get up at 6 in the morning. My income is twice as much as his. ---- 幻灯片 11---- 幻灯片 121. violent adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的 (1)violent crime 暴力犯罪 violent storm 暴风骤雨 violent behaviour 暴力行为 (2)violently adv. 猛烈地;激烈地 (3)violence n. 暴力;暴行 take. . . by violence 强夺…… do violence to. . . 对……行凶;强暴对待…… ---- 幻灯片 13①The violent wind dashed the ship against a huge rock. 狂风将船猛地推向一块巨大的礁石。 ②Meanwhile the violence continued in Libya. 在此期间,利比亚暴力冲突仍然在持续。 ③The storm grew _____ ______. 这场暴风雨变得更加猛烈了。 more violent ---- 幻灯片 142. exist vi. 存在;生存 (1)exist on 靠……为生 there exists/existed. . . 某地有……;存在…… (2)come into existence 产生;成立;开始存在 in existence 存在 ---- 幻灯片 15①They can’t exist on the money he’s earning. 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。 ②There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography. 有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。 ③No one knows how this world _____ ___ ________. 没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。 came into existence ---- 幻灯片 163. puzzle n.谜;难题 vt. &vi. (使)迷惑;(使)为难 (1)puzzle over/about 绞尽脑汁;苦思冥想 (2)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj. 困惑的;迷惑不解的 puzzlement n. 迷惘;困惑 ---- 幻灯片 17①What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone. 令我不解的是,他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。 ②The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened. 警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。 ---- 幻灯片 18③Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years. 多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。 ④He looked _______ so I repeated the question. 他好像没听懂,于是我又把问题重复了一遍。 puzzled ---- 幻灯片 194. pull n. &vt. 拉(力);拖;牵引力 pull away (车辆等)驶离;开走 pull in (车辆等)进站;靠停 pull down 拆除; (把身体)拖垮 pull off (匆忙地)脱下(衣物); (成功地)完成 ---- 幻灯片 20pull on (匆忙地)穿上 pull out 拔出; 驶出; 摆脱(困难) pull through 恢复健康;渡过难关 pull up 停车 ---- 幻灯片 21①He pulled the door open and rushed out. 他拉开门,冲了出去。 ②The police car signalled to us to pull in. 警车发出信号,要我们驶向路边停靠。 ③We waved as the train ______ ____ of the station. 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。 ④The doctor told me that I would ____ ________. 医生告诉我,我会康复的。 pulled out pull through ---- 幻灯片 22【助记】 推 push 拉 pull ---- 幻灯片 235. in time 及时;终于 ①Will you be back in time for dinner? 你会及时赶回来吃饭吗? ②I should be back in time to watch the show. 我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。 ---- 幻灯片 24【拓展】翻译以下短语 at a time ___________ at one time ___________ at no time _____ at times _____ all the time ___________ ahead of time _____ 每次;一次 曾经;一度 决不 有时 一直;始终 提前 ---- 幻灯片 25on time ___________ in no time ___________ take one’s time _______________ 【点津】 at no time等含否定意义的词组位于句首,句子要部分倒装;in no time意为“立刻, 马上”,无否定意义,置于句首,不引起倒装。 准时;按时 立刻;马上 别着急;慢慢来 ---- 幻灯片 266. prevent. . . from 阻止;制止 (1)prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from)doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. (2)protect sb. from/against 保护某人使免受…… 阻止,制止…… ---- 幻灯片 27①Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving. 守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。 ②His advice kept me from making a serious mistake. 他的忠告使我免于犯一个严重的错误。 ③Once he has made up his mind,no one can _______ ___ _____ _______ ___ the plan. 一旦他下定决心,谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。 prevent him from carrying out ---- 幻灯片 28【点津】 (1)prevent/ stop. . . (from) doing sth. 中的from可以省略,而keep. . . from doing sth. 中的from不可以省略。 (2)以上三个短语用于被动语态时,from均不能省略。 ---- 幻灯片 297. cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋 (1)cheer vt. &vi. 欢呼;喝彩;鼓励 n. 欢呼;喝彩 Cheers! 干杯! (2)cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振奋 cheer sb. on 向某人欢呼;为某人加油 (3)cheerful adj. 精神振奋的 ---- 幻灯片 30①Cheer up! Our troubles will soon be over. 振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。 ②The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang. 看到刘翔后,人群热烈欢呼起来。 ③The news _______ ____ ___. 这消息使他高兴起来。 cheered him up ---- 幻灯片 318. now that 既然 ①Now that you have finished your work,you’d better have a rest. 既然你的工作已经做完了,最好休息一下吧。 ②Now (that) the weather is fine,let’s go for a ride. 既然天气那么好,我们开车去兜风吧。 ③_________ ___ ____ ______ ___,you can make up your mind by yourself. 既然你已长大了,可以自己做决定了。 Now(that) you have grown up ---- 幻灯片 32【点津】 now that相当于since,是连词词组,用来引导原因状语从句,口语中经常省略that,只用now,这时now已经失去了“现在”的含义。 【想一想】表示原因的连词有哪些? ---- 幻灯片 33【拓展延伸】表示原因的连词小结 1)可引导原因状语从句的从属连词(词组):because, as, since, when, now that, in that;并列连词:for 2)(1)because语气最强,一般指事情发生的直接原因,回答提问时,一般放在主句之后。 (2)as语气比because弱,所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由,从句一般放在主句前。 (3)since语气较弱,指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因,侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已知的理由。 ---- 幻灯片 34(4)when意为“既然, 考虑到”, now that意为“既然”(相当于since),in that意为“因为,由于”。 (5)for是并列连词,表示推断的原因,或对前一分句补充说明理由。for表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。 He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday. 昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。 As there was no answer,we wrote him again. 鉴于他没有回复,我们又给他写了封信。 ---- 幻灯片 35Since you can’t answer the question,I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题,我就问别人了。 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为地面是湿的。 ---- 幻灯片 369. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命得以发展了。 (1)句中使用了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。即: 名词或形容词 不带to 的不定式 过去分词 介词短语 make+宾语+宾语补足语 ---- 幻灯片 37(2)当该结构中的宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语,而把不定式短语或从句后置。即: make + it + 宾语补足语 + 不定式短语或从句。 ①I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。 ②Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 我们的老师使我们感到更自信。 ---- 幻灯片 38③The heavy rain _____ __ _________ for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。 ④The boy was made work twelve hours a day. (改错) 答案:____________ 【点津】 在被动语态中,此类结构中省略的动词不定式符号to 要还原。 made it impossible made后加to ---- 幻灯片 39(1)harmful及harm的用法 (2)gentle“温柔的,温和的”与其他形容词的辨析 (3)watch out“小心”与其他动词短语的辨析 (4)break out及其他break短语的辨析 ---- 幻灯片 401. You strolling at the lake, the ________ wind is brushing your face. How romantic! A. wild B. soft C. gentle D. light 【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:信步于湖畔,和风拂面。多么富有诗情画意啊!gentle用于人时,指温柔文雅的举止,出于自我约束或对他人的体贴。指物时,强调物体运动的轻缓,符合语境。wild疯狂的;强烈的;soft 指人心肠柔软,言语婉转。 ---- 幻灯片 412. Doctors always tell us that drinking too much _________ our health,but some people don’t care. A.is harm to B.does harmful to C.is harmful to D.do harm to 【解析】选C。句意:医生总是告诉我们饮酒太多有害健康,但有些人却不在意。be harmful to sb. =do harm to sb. 对某人有害。D项应用第三人称单数。 ---- 幻灯片 423. Stay away from Lynch. He’s a liar. You’ll be cheated if you don’t ________. A.break out B.watch out C.take off D.set off 【解析】选B。句意:离林奇远点。他是个骗子。你要是不小心会被骗的。watch out注意,当心,符合句意。break out突发,爆发;take off起飞;set off出发,动身。 ---- 幻灯片 434. A quarrel broke out, which made him ________ his family. A. break away B. break away from C. break down D. break out 【解析】选B。句意:争吵的爆发使他离开了他的家人。break away from脱离;break down垮掉;崩溃; break out 爆发。 ---- 幻灯片 44---- 幻灯片 45----

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