幻灯片 1Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
天文学:恒星科学
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幻灯片 2Ⅰ. 单词盘点
根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇
1. __________(n. ) 天文学
2. _______(n. ) 系统;体系;制度
3. ______(n. ) 学说;理论
4. ___________(n. ) 大气层;气氛
astronomy
system
theory
atmosphere
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幻灯片 35. ____________(adj. ) 基本的;基础的
6. ____(adv. ) 因此;于是
7. ______(vt. & vi. ) (使)迷惑;(使)为难
(n. ) 谜;难题
8. ______(adj. ) 温和的;文雅的
9. ______(vi. &vt. ) 碰撞;坠落
10. ____(n. &vt. ) 拉(力);拖;牵引力
fundamental
thus
puzzle
gentle
crash
pull
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幻灯片 411. _____(vi. &vt. ) (使)浮动;(使)漂浮
(n. ) 漂浮物
12. _______(adj. )猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→ ________(n. )暴力
→ ________(adv. )暴力地;猛烈地
13.______(prep. )不同;不像→ _____(vt. )喜欢(prep. )相像→
_____(adj. )可能的
14. ________(adj. )有害的→ ______(n. &v. )伤害→ ________
(adj. )无害的
15. _____(vi. )存在;生存→ _________(n. )存在;生存
float
violent
violence
violently
unlike
like
likely
harmful
harm
harmless
exist
existence
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幻灯片 5【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空
①The robbers hit them _______. They couldn’t bear it any more so they decided to answer _______ with _______ and began their _______ fightback. (violent)
②This object gives off ________ gases. They may do _____ to our health. You must make the object _________ before you use it. (harmful)
③Do you believe in the ________ of ghosts? Perhaps they only ____ in the minds of some people. (exist)
violently
violence
violence
violent
harmful
harm
harmless
existence
exist
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幻灯片 6Ⅱ. 短语回放
1. 及时;终于 _______
2. 产生;分娩 ___________
3. 轮到某人;接着 ____________
4. 阻止;制止 ______________
5. 挡住(光线) ________
in time
give birth to
in one’s turn
prevent. . . from
block out
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幻灯片 76. 感到高兴;感到振奋 ________
7. 既然 ________
8. 突发;爆发 _________
9. 密切注视;当心;提防 _________
10. 和;以及 _________
cheer up
now that
break out
watch out
as well as
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幻灯片 8Ⅲ. 句式扫描
1. ____________________(它会变成什么样)was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
2. The earth became _____________(如此猛烈以至于) it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
What it was to become
so violent that
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幻灯片 93. This produced a chain reaction, which _________________
_____________(使得生命得以发展).
4. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried _____________(两倍远)on the earth and fell over.
made it possible for
life to develop
twice as far as
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幻灯片 10【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子
①make it +adj. /n. + to do sth.
仿写:他早上六点起床成了惯例。
_________________________________________
②倍数+as. . . as. . . 句型
仿写:我的收入是他的两倍。
______________________________
He made it a rule to get up at 6 in the morning.
My income is twice as much as his.
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幻灯片 121. violent adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
(1)violent crime 暴力犯罪
violent storm 暴风骤雨
violent behaviour 暴力行为
(2)violently adv. 猛烈地;激烈地
(3)violence n. 暴力;暴行
take. . . by violence 强夺……
do violence to. . . 对……行凶;强暴对待……
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幻灯片 13①The violent wind dashed the ship against a huge rock.
狂风将船猛地推向一块巨大的礁石。
②Meanwhile the violence continued in Libya.
在此期间,利比亚暴力冲突仍然在持续。
③The storm grew _____ ______.
这场暴风雨变得更加猛烈了。
more violent
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幻灯片 142. exist vi. 存在;生存
(1)exist on 靠……为生
there exists/existed. . . 某地有……;存在……
(2)come into existence 产生;成立;开始存在
in existence 存在
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幻灯片 15①They can’t exist on the money he’s earning.
他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
②There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography. 有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。
③No one knows how this world _____ ___ ________.
没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。
came into existence
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幻灯片 163. puzzle n.谜;难题 vt. &vi. (使)迷惑;(使)为难
(1)puzzle over/about 绞尽脑汁;苦思冥想
(2)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 困惑的;迷惑不解的
puzzlement n. 迷惘;困惑
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幻灯片 17①What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.
令我不解的是,他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。
②The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.
警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。
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幻灯片 18③Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.
多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。
④He looked _______ so I repeated the question.
他好像没听懂,于是我又把问题重复了一遍。
puzzled
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幻灯片 194. pull n. &vt. 拉(力);拖;牵引力
pull away (车辆等)驶离;开走
pull in (车辆等)进站;靠停
pull down 拆除; (把身体)拖垮
pull off (匆忙地)脱下(衣物); (成功地)完成
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幻灯片 20pull on (匆忙地)穿上
pull out 拔出; 驶出; 摆脱(困难)
pull through 恢复健康;渡过难关
pull up 停车
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幻灯片 21①He pulled the door open and rushed out.
他拉开门,冲了出去。
②The police car signalled to us to pull in.
警车发出信号,要我们驶向路边停靠。
③We waved as the train ______ ____ of the station.
火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。
④The doctor told me that I would ____ ________.
医生告诉我,我会康复的。
pulled out
pull through
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幻灯片 22【助记】
推 push 拉 pull
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幻灯片 235. in time 及时;终于
①Will you be back in time for dinner?
你会及时赶回来吃饭吗?
②I should be back in time to watch the show.
我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。
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幻灯片 24【拓展】翻译以下短语
at a time ___________
at one time ___________
at no time _____
at times _____
all the time ___________
ahead of time _____
每次;一次
曾经;一度
决不
有时
一直;始终
提前
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幻灯片 25on time ___________
in no time ___________
take one’s time _______________
【点津】
at no time等含否定意义的词组位于句首,句子要部分倒装;in no time意为“立刻, 马上”,无否定意义,置于句首,不引起倒装。
准时;按时
立刻;马上
别着急;慢慢来
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幻灯片 266. prevent. . . from 阻止;制止
(1)prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
stop sb. (from)doing sth.
keep sb. from doing sth.
(2)protect sb. from/against 保护某人使免受……
阻止,制止……
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幻灯片 27①Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving. 守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。
②His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.
他的忠告使我免于犯一个严重的错误。
③Once he has made up his mind,no one can _______ ___
_____ _______ ___ the plan.
一旦他下定决心,谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。
prevent him
from carrying out
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幻灯片 28【点津】
(1)prevent/ stop. . . (from) doing sth. 中的from可以省略,而keep. . . from doing sth. 中的from不可以省略。
(2)以上三个短语用于被动语态时,from均不能省略。
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幻灯片 297. cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋
(1)cheer vt. &vi. 欢呼;喝彩;鼓励
n. 欢呼;喝彩
Cheers! 干杯!
(2)cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振奋
cheer sb. on 向某人欢呼;为某人加油
(3)cheerful adj. 精神振奋的
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幻灯片 30①Cheer up! Our troubles will soon be over.
振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。
②The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang.
看到刘翔后,人群热烈欢呼起来。
③The news _______ ____ ___.
这消息使他高兴起来。
cheered him up
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幻灯片 318. now that 既然
①Now that you have finished your work,you’d better have a rest.
既然你的工作已经做完了,最好休息一下吧。
②Now (that) the weather is fine,let’s go for a ride.
既然天气那么好,我们开车去兜风吧。
③_________ ___ ____ ______ ___,you can make up your mind by yourself. 既然你已长大了,可以自己做决定了。
Now(that) you have grown up
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幻灯片 32【点津】
now that相当于since,是连词词组,用来引导原因状语从句,口语中经常省略that,只用now,这时now已经失去了“现在”的含义。
【想一想】表示原因的连词有哪些?
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幻灯片 33【拓展延伸】表示原因的连词小结
1)可引导原因状语从句的从属连词(词组):because, as, since, when, now that, in that;并列连词:for
2)(1)because语气最强,一般指事情发生的直接原因,回答提问时,一般放在主句之后。
(2)as语气比because弱,所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由,从句一般放在主句前。
(3)since语气较弱,指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因,侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已知的理由。
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幻灯片 34(4)when意为“既然, 考虑到”, now that意为“既然”(相当于since),in that意为“因为,由于”。
(5)for是并列连词,表示推断的原因,或对前一分句补充说明理由。for表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。
He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.
昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。
As there was no answer,we wrote him again.
鉴于他没有回复,我们又给他写了封信。
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幻灯片 35Since you can’t answer the question,I’ll ask someone else.
既然你回答不出这个问题,我就问别人了。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了,因为地面是湿的。
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幻灯片 369. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命得以发展了。
(1)句中使用了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。即:
名词或形容词
不带to 的不定式
过去分词
介词短语
make+宾语+宾语补足语
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幻灯片 37(2)当该结构中的宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语,而把不定式短语或从句后置。即:
make + it + 宾语补足语 + 不定式短语或从句。
①I made it a condition that everybody must be on time.
我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。
②Our teacher makes us feel more confident.
我们的老师使我们感到更自信。
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幻灯片 38③The heavy rain _____ __ _________ for us to go out.
大雨使得我们无法出去。
④The boy was made work twelve hours a day. (改错)
答案:____________
【点津】
在被动语态中,此类结构中省略的动词不定式符号to 要还原。
made it impossible
made后加to
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幻灯片 39(1)harmful及harm的用法
(2)gentle“温柔的,温和的”与其他形容词的辨析
(3)watch out“小心”与其他动词短语的辨析
(4)break out及其他break短语的辨析
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幻灯片 401. You strolling at the lake, the ________ wind is brushing your face. How romantic!
A. wild B. soft C. gentle D. light
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:信步于湖畔,和风拂面。多么富有诗情画意啊!gentle用于人时,指温柔文雅的举止,出于自我约束或对他人的体贴。指物时,强调物体运动的轻缓,符合语境。wild疯狂的;强烈的;soft 指人心肠柔软,言语婉转。
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幻灯片 412. Doctors always tell us that drinking too much _________ our health,but some people don’t care.
A.is harm to B.does harmful to
C.is harmful to D.do harm to
【解析】选C。句意:医生总是告诉我们饮酒太多有害健康,但有些人却不在意。be harmful to sb. =do harm to sb. 对某人有害。D项应用第三人称单数。
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幻灯片 423. Stay away from Lynch. He’s a liar. You’ll be cheated if you don’t ________.
A.break out B.watch out
C.take off D.set off
【解析】选B。句意:离林奇远点。他是个骗子。你要是不小心会被骗的。watch out注意,当心,符合句意。break out突发,爆发;take off起飞;set off出发,动身。
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幻灯片 434. A quarrel broke out, which made him ________ his family.
A. break away B. break away from
C. break down D. break out
【解析】选B。句意:争吵的爆发使他离开了他的家人。break away from脱离;break down垮掉;崩溃; break out 爆发。
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