幻灯片 1必修4 Units 3～5
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幻灯片 2话题之八——低碳节能
三年2考
［2011江西］假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：1．目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；2. 骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。参考词汇：低碳生活（low-carbon life）；节能（energy saving） 注意：词数：120左右。
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幻灯片 3Good morning, everyone,
I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”. As is known to us, air pollution and heavy urban traffic are becoming increasingly severe mainly due to the overuse of cars. Therefore, it’s high time we chose another better means of transport, that is, cycling.
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幻灯片 4 There are many good reasons to ride bicycles. First of all, compared to cars, bicycles are much cheaper to buy and maintain, and you don’t have all the added costs of fuel and parking. What’s more, bicycles are more environmentally friendly than cars, because they hardly make noises and exhaust. Cycling has become a new trend around the world, a good way of energy saving and low-carbon life. Last but not least, cycling is an excellent way to keep fit and live longer. By riding bicycles, you can cut down your risk of heart attacks, high blood pressure and other illnesses.
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幻灯片 5 So I think, riding bicycles actually has great effects on us. Let’s ride bicycles from today on!
Thank you!
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幻灯片 61. 本文为低碳节能类的演讲稿，话题内容切合中学生生活实际，且在学生教材中出现多次，很容易完成。
①第一段说明目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题，引出演讲话题“Let’s Ride Bicycles”。
②第二段说明骑自行车的各种益处。
③第三段发出呼吁，号召大家从今天开始骑自行车。
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幻灯片 72. 全文行文流畅，句式变化多样，用词高级而地道。
①高级词汇和短语：increasingly, due to, compared to, maintain, added, environmentally, exhaust, trend, keep fit, cut down。
②高级句型（虚拟语气）：It’s high time we chose another better means of transport, that is, cycling。
③语篇过渡语：therefore, first of all, what’s more, last but not least。
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幻灯片 8【佳作习得】一句多译
我们该动身了。
1. ________________________
2. _____________________________
It’s high time we set off.
It’s high time we should set off.
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幻灯片 9写作提升（三）—— 说明文
说明文在高考书面表达中经常考查，它是介绍、说明客观事物的一种文体。说明文的最大特点就是用事实说话，通过介绍使读者获取相关知识。写说明文时应注意：目的明确、事物描写准确详实、语言简练，介绍时可按一定的时间、空间、结构或逻辑顺序来写。
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幻灯片 10 一种名为“丽影”的数码（digital）照相机，现准备打入国际市场，请你用英语为该产品写一份广告推荐书。
相关资料：
产地：中国上海。
生产厂家：乐达照相机厂（生产相机50余年）。
性能特点：款式新颖、多样；体积小，重量轻，操作方便，用途多。
价格：是同类产品价格的70%。
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幻灯片 11【审题谋篇】
1.本篇为说明文，为生活中常见文体，目的是向顾客推销一款数码照相机，并吸引顾客们来购买。
2.人称：第三人称为主
3.时态：一般现在时为主
4.写作要点
①该数码照相机的产地
②它的与众不同的特点
③该数码照相机的价格优势
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幻灯片 12【常用模板】
Ⅰ.格式模板
开头：Come to buy...The Liying Digital Camera is..., which...
正文：It is produced by...It can be used for...small in size and light in weight...As for the price...
结尾：To get more information, you can...or...
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幻灯片 13 Ⅱ.句式模板
1.表示“……的目的”
①With/For the purpose of ...
②The purpose is that ...
2.连接两个并列成分
①not only...but also...
②not...but...
③neither...nor..., either...or...
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幻灯片 14 3.除……之外
①apart from
②in addition to
③besides
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幻灯片 15【尝试运用】
1. 它由中国上海乐达照相机厂生产，该工厂有50余年的生产历史，经验丰富，誉满全国。
It is produced in Shanghai, China, by Leda Camera Factory, which has been making cameras for more than 50 years and enjoys rich experience and good fame.
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幻灯片 16 2. 除了品质优越，丽影还以它现代化的各种各样的款式吸引广大顾客。
一般表达：
Liying Camera attracts people by its high quality, modern and various models.
高级表达：
Apart from its high quality, Liying Camera attracts people by its modern and various models.
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幻灯片 17 3. 它不仅体积小，重量轻，而且操作方便简单。
It is not only small in size and light in weight, but also you’ll feel it is very convenient and easy to use. （用倒装句改写句子）
Not only is it small in size and light in weight, but also you’ll feel it is very convenient and easy to use.
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幻灯片 18【佳文点睛】
Come to buy this wonderful camera.
The Liying Digital Camera is a newcomer in the camera family.It is produced in Shanghai, China, by Leda Camera Factory, which has been making cameras for more than 50 years and enjoys rich experience and good fame. __________ its high quality, Liying Camera attracts people by its modern _____various models. ________ is it small in size and light
Apart from
and
Not only
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幻灯片 19in weight, ________ you’ll feel it is very convenient and easy to use. ___________, it can be used for different purposes, ____________, you can use it for art or for ordinary life purpose. _________ the price, it only costs 70% of that of the same kind of other cameras.
Why wait?
but also
for example
As for
What’s more
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幻灯片 20 请你为21st Century写一篇报道，介绍学校为高三学生创立的“心灵城堡（Soul Castle）”专栏（column），并谈谈自己的感想。
内容要点包括：
●开设目的：缓解压力，确保健康
●专栏优势：专业指导
●专栏内容：建议，心声
●你的感想
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幻灯片 21注意：1. 词数100～120；
2. 开头语已为你写好（不计入总词数）。
Our school has set up a column called “Soul Castle” for Senior 3 students. _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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幻灯片 22【参考范文】
Our school has set up a column called “Soul Castle” for Senior 3 Students.It is aimed at relieving pressure and ensuring the health of students.The column has the unique advantage that the experts in psychology can give us the expertise and guidance.It covers the thoughts and feelings of students and the professional suggestions.
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幻灯片 23 From my point of view, not only does our school attach importance to our study but also it puts our mental health at the top of the list.It also provides a platform to communicate with teachers and parents.Moreover, we can get help and guidance from professionals to solve our mental problems.With the help of it, we can take the College Entrance Examination with confidence.
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幻灯片 24非谓语动词——动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式的用法考查常见于高考试题中，主要考查作宾语以及作定语和状语。在复习时应该注意以下几个方面：1. 掌握动词-ing形式的句法功能；2. 掌握动词-ing形式的时态和语态；3. 学会分析句子结构，分清动词-ing形式的主动和被动。
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幻灯片 251. ［2011四川, 2］Lydia doesn’t feel like ______ abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study B. studying
C. studied D. to study
【解析】选B。 考查非谓语动词。句意：莉迪亚不想去国外学习，她的父母年纪都很大了。feel like doing sth. 想做某事，是固定搭配，故选B。
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幻灯片 262. ［2011全国卷Ⅰ, 27］The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.
A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：紧接着，他看到从房子后面升起了烟。此处rising from behind the house作定语修饰前面的smoke。rise是不及物动词，与smoke之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且强调rise这一动作正在发生，故用v. -ing形式。to rise表示动作发生在将来；risen强调动作的完成。
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幻灯片 273. ［2011山东, 27］Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path ______ up to the house.
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：看那里——有一条长长的蜿蜒的小路通向那所房子。lead to表示“通向”，该短语与前面的path之间为主谓关系，用现在分词作定语，相当于定语从句. . . which/that leads up to the house. 。
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幻灯片 284. ［2011江西, 32］On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.
A. says B. said C. saying D. to say
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒的时候，戈登先生立刻从办公室冲回家。非谓语动词修饰phone call，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式。故选C。
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幻灯片 295. ［2011浙江, 3］Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years.
A. having B. had
C. have D. to have
【解析】选A。考查独立主格结构。句意：令人吃惊的是，蝙蝠是寿命较长的生物，有些能生存约20年。由于题干中逗号后的分句前没有连词，应该是短语结构，所以首先排除B、C项，然后分析该短语结构的逻辑关系，some与非谓语动词之间存在主谓关系，所以选A项。
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幻灯片 306. ［2011辽宁, 30］______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A. Gather B. To gather
C. Gathering D. To be gathering
【解析】 选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：围着篝火，游客们和当地人跳起了舞。分析句子结构可知gather around the fire作状语，而且与逻辑主语tourists之间是主谓关系，要用现在分词形式。A项动词原形不能作状语；B、D两项为不定式作状语，表目的或意外的结果。
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幻灯片 317. ［2011陕西，20］More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A. making B. made
C. to make D. having made
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：中国建成了越来越多的公路，这使得人们异地旅游变得更容易。句中making it much easier. . . 为非谓语动词短语作结果状语，现在分词短语作状语, 表示自然的结果。
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幻灯片 328. ［2011湖南，29］Do you wake up every morning ______ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A. feel B. to feel
C. feeling D. felt
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：你每天早上醒来时都精力充沛，准备着开始新的一天吗？现在分词在此作伴随状语，与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
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幻灯片 339. ［2011上海，27］It’s no use ______ without taking action.
A. complain B. complaining
C. being complained D. to be complained
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：光抱怨而不采取行动是没用的。根据固定句型It’s no use doing sth. “做某事没有意义”可知选B。
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幻灯片 3410. ［2011江苏, 31］Recently a survey ______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A. compared B. comparing
C. compares D. being compared
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幻灯片 35【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：最近一项调查比较了两个不同超市中相同商品的价格，这在市民中间引起了激烈的辩论。分析句子结构可知主语a survey之后谓语动词has caused之前的部分作定语修饰主语，且从句意上存在主谓关系，故选B项。A项表示被动，C项为谓语形式，D项表示正在进行的被动，都可排除。
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幻灯片 3611. ［2011全国卷Ⅱ, 18］Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______ nothing about the argument.
A. says B. said C. to say D. saying
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：萨拉假装很高兴，关于争论什么也没说。say和逻辑主语Sarah之间是主谓关系，故使用现在分词saying，答案为D。
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幻灯片 3712. ［2011上海，33］At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ that he could do nothing to help.
A. to realize B. realized
C. realizing D. being realized
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我一度下定决心和山姆叔叔交谈。然后，当意识到他不能帮忙时，我改变了主意。I 与realize之间是主动关系，因此要用realizing形式表示主动关系，故选C。
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幻灯片 38表1 动词的-ing形式的时态和语态
一般式
完成式
doing
having done
表示动作和谓语动词动作同时发生
表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前
I approved of his taking part in the project.
Having finished the lessons, all the students went back home.
being done
having been done
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幻灯片 391. 动词need, require, want作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示某事需要被做。
The window needs/wants/ requires cleaning/to be cleaned. 窗户需要擦一下。
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幻灯片 402. be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。
The place is worth visiting.
这个地方值得参观。
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幻灯片 413. 有些动词如admit, forget, remember, deny, apologize, regret, thank等以及after等介词后的动名词可用一般式表达完成式的意义。
I forgot meeting her in 1990.
我忘记了曾在1990年见过她。
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幻灯片 42表2 动词的-ing形式的功能
主语
常用于以下句型：
It is/was+no use/good+doing sth.=It is/was not any use /good doing sth.
It is/was of little use/good doing sth.=It is/was useless doing sth.
①It is no use crying over spilt milk.
②It is of little good staying up too late every day.
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幻灯片 43宾语
只能跟-ing形式作宾语的动词或动词短语：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(考虑), dislike,
enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, forgive, finish, imagine, mind, miss(错过)，practise, risk, suggest, be used to(习惯于)，can’t help(禁不住)，can’t stand
(无法忍受)，give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, lead to, look forward to等
①I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
②I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
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幻灯片 44表语
同位语
说明主语的具体内容
Her job is giving piano lessons to children.
补充说明前面名词或代
词的内容
His chief hobby, sailing a boat, cost him most of his salary.
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幻灯片 45定语
宾语补足语
1. 动名词：表示被修饰的名词的用
途和性能。
2. 现在分词：相当于一个定语从
句,强调经常性状态或动作的进行。
单个分词要前置，短语要后置。
①He is swimming in a swimming pool.
②The houses being built are for the teachers.
1. 宾语与v. -ing形式有主谓关系；
2. v. -ing形式所表示的动作正在
进行。
It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
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幻灯片 46状语
1. 一般式
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生。
2. 完成式
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生。
①Hearing the news, they got excited.
②Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.
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幻灯片 471. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not。
2. 动词-ing形式的复合结构充当主语时只能用sb. ’s doing sth. , 而充当宾语时，sb. ’s/sb. doing sth. 两者都能使用。
①Xiao Wang’s coming late made his teacher very angry.
②All of us understood Mike’s/Mike/him/his not being admitted to Shandong University.
3. 动词-ing形式的一些常见结构
(1)generally/frankly/personally speaking, judging from/by, considering, speaking of等没有形式的变化，即不需要考虑与其逻辑主语的关系。
(2)There is no point in doing sth. 做某事无意义。
(3)There is no possibility of doing sth. 不可能做某事。
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幻灯片 481. ［2012成都模拟］As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______ , and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：当交通灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，问自己我要干什么。I 与move之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。
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幻灯片 492.［2012嘉兴模拟］Scientists have created the world’s smallest“snowman” ________about a fifth of the width of a human hair.
A.measures B.measuring C.measured D.to measure
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们制造了世界上最小的“雪人”，宽度是人的一根头发的五分之一。measure 在句中表示“量度为”，snowman和measure之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语的状况。
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幻灯片 503. ［2012济南模拟］Microblogs experienced rapid growth in 2010 in China, with the number of microblog operators, users and visitors ______ several times.
A. to increase B. increasing
C. increased D. increase
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。后半句是with复合结构，意在表明微博的经营者、使用者和访问者的数量增加了好几倍。宾语与increase之间是主谓关系，表示状态的持续，故用动词的现在分词形式。
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幻灯片 514. ［2012宝鸡模拟］A terrible air crash happened over the Atlantic Ocean, ______ 150 passengers.
A. killing B. having killed
C. killed D. to kill
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：一场可怕的飞机坠毁事故在大西洋上空发生了，150名乘客遇难。根据语意，此处要用现在分词短语作结果状语。
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幻灯片 525. ［2012北京模拟］______ many failures, I have the courage to meet all challenges.
A. Having experienced B. To experience
C. Experienced D. Experience
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：经历了很多次失败后，我有勇气面对所有的挑战。I和experience是主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作状语。又因experience这一动作发生在have the courage之前，故用现在分词的完成式，故选A。
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幻灯片 536. Little Tom admitted ______ in the shop, ______ that he wouldn’t do that in future.
A. to have stolen; promising
B. stealing; promised
C. to stealing; promised
D. having stolen; promising
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。第一空admitted后面应该用动名词，排除A、C两项，第二空promising是现在分词作状语，与其逻辑主语Little Tom之间是主谓关系，据此选D。
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幻灯片 547. ______ himself in carrying out an experiment, he can’t spare time to look after his children.
A. Occupied B. Occupying
C. Having occupied D. Having been occupied
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：由于忙于进行实验，他抽不出时间照顾孩子。he与occupy为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作原因状语。
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幻灯片 558.［2012长春模拟］I don’t regret ______ her what I thought even if it might upset her.
A. to tell B. to have told
C. having told D. tell
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管可能让她伤心，我不后悔告诉了她我所想的。regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事；regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事。
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幻灯片 569.［2012温州模拟］Despite a strong wind, children are still looking forward_______the outdoor activity at the weekend.
A.to canceling B.not to canceling
C.not to cancel D.to not canceling
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管风大，孩子们还是期盼着不要取消周末的户外活动。look forward to期盼，to为介词，因此后面用动名词，动名词的否定形式是在动名词前面加not。
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幻灯片 5710.Yue Yue, a two-year-old girl, was left ________on a street after ______by a van in Foshan, Guangdong Province on Oct 13, 2011．
A.bleeding; hit B.to bleed; hit
C.to bleed; being hit D.bleeding; being hit
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：2011年10月13日，在广东佛山，一个叫悦悦的两岁的女孩被面包车撞过之后在大街上流着血。leave sb.doing sth.使某人一直做某事；hit与句子的主语为被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。
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