幻灯片 1Section Ⅳ Unit 2 语法讲座 写作讲座 知识必备 专题练习 佳作观摩 技法指导 专题练习 ---- 幻灯片 2---- 幻灯片 3---- 幻灯片 4被动语态(Ⅰ):动词不定式的被动式 ---- 幻灯片 5 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式一般使用被动式。 ---- 幻灯片 6一、动词不定式被动式的构成和意义 ---- 幻灯片 7The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth. 下一步要做的事是把土运走。 No harm seems to have been done to them. 对他们似乎并没有造成损害。 ---- 幻灯片 8[考题印证1] 1-1(2012·山东高考)George returned after the war, only ________ that his wife had left him. A.to be told       B.telling C.being told D.told 解析:选 考查非谓语动词。句意:乔治战争后回到家,结果被告知妻子已经离开了。此处是动词不定式作结果状语,表示意料之外的结果,而且George和tell之间是被动关系,因此用to be told。如果用动词­ing形式,则表示意料之中的结果。 A ---- 幻灯片 91-2(2012·湖南高考)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ________ to achieve the final success. A.being done B.do C.to be done D.to do 解析:选 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们已经有了一个好的开端,但是为实现最后的胜利,接下来还有很多的工作要做。need在此意为“需要”, sth. need doing,相当于sth. need to be done,意为“……需要被做”。 C ---- 幻灯片 10二、动词不定式被动式的用法 (1)作主语 It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer. 能被选上做志愿者,真是一件荣幸的事情。 (2)作表语 The task is to be finished by next month. 这项工作要在下个月才能完成。 (3)作宾语 The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again. 那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。 ---- 幻灯片 11(4)作宾语补足语 He ordered the baggage to be brought to his room. 他吩咐把行李搬进他的房间。 (5)作定语 He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting. 他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。 (6)作状语 His mother left the small village, never to be seen again. 他母亲离开了那个小村庄,再也没人见过她。 ---- 幻灯片 12[考题印证2] (2012·重庆高考)We're having a meeting in half an hour.The decision ________ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A.to be made B.being made C.made D.having been made 解析:选 考查非谓语动词。根据前面的“We're having a meeting in half an hour.”可知会议还没开始,The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式,表示将要发生的动作,排除B、C、D项。故选A项。 A ---- 幻灯片 13三、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的常见结构 (1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾 关系,同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. 今天下午我有许多事情要做。(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。) I'll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to post? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗?(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系,只和前面letter构成动宾关系。) ---- 幻灯片 14(2)在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中, 句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 This problem is difficult to solve. 这个问题很难解决。 (3)在too ... to ...; enough ... to结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑 主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 这本书太贵,我买不起。 ---- 幻灯片 15(4)在there be ...句型中,当动词不定式作定语修饰名词时, 用主动形式,重点在人;用被动形式,重点在物。 There is no time to lose (to be lost).(用to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost,重点在时间。) (5)be to blame用主动形式表示被动意义。 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 谁应为引发火灾负责? ---- 幻灯片 16[考题印证3] (2011·安徽高考)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ______ into small pieces. A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 解析:选 考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆问糖果制造商是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。be+easy/difficult ... 后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,故答案为D项。 D ---- 幻灯片 17点此进入 ---- 幻灯片 18想象类作文 ---- 幻灯片 19 电影《哈利波特》受到人们的普遍欢迎,创造了很高的票房纪录,成为电影业的奇迹,全世界的孩子都为哈利波特的魔力着迷。现在假设你是哈利波特,你将怎样用你的魔法对付以下问题? 1.残酷的战争;2.濒危动物;3.环境污染。 注意:1.词数120左右;2.充分发挥自己的想象力,注意行文连贯。 ---- 幻灯片 20 I am Harry Potter, a boy with magical powers. ①I regard myself as a guard of the earth. ②To create a peaceful and friendly world for human beings is my duty. ③First of all, I will make use of my magic to bring all the cruel wars to an end. ④Let all the people no longer suffer from the wounds and death caused by wars. ⑤Let peace ring at every corner of the world. ---- 幻灯片 21 ⑥In addition, I will raise people's awareness of saving endangered animals. ⑦As long as we learn to protect animals, we will understand how to give our love to others. ⑧Finally, I will rely on my magic to solve the environmental pollution. ⑨The earth is the only home of us human beings. ⑩Only by making great efforts can we make the earth a better place to live in. ⑪Please join me in this action. ⑫Let's work together to build a bright future! ---- 幻灯片 22本文分五段。第一段作简单自我介绍;二、三、四段为文章主体部分,根据写作要求,叙述细节;第五段为结尾部分,号召人们加入自己的行动,共创美好的未来。 ---- 幻灯片 23(1)句③⑥⑧使用了First of all, In addition, Finally等过渡词,使行文脉络清晰,过渡自然。 (2)句①②③④⑤⑥⑧使用了regard ... as ..., create, bring ... to an end, suffer from, ring, raise people's awareness, rely on等高级词汇,彰显了作者扎实的语言功底。 (3)句⑦⑩状语从句和倒装句的应用体现了作者具有较强的驾驭语言能力。 ---- 幻灯片 24如何写想象类作文 想象类作文在高考中的命题方式多是给出简单要点或图表等,并要求学生在此基础上进行合理想象。因此此类文章的写作属于半开放式、创造性的写作。半开放式作文也是近几年高考书面表达的一个热点。 1.写作步骤 首先,要从实际生活出发,借助已有的知识,展开合理的、丰富的想象。其次,内容要具体,根据题目的要求和提 示,围绕主题想象相关的材料,材料越丰富充实,文章才会越生动,切忌说空话。 ---- 幻灯片 25 2.注意事项 写作时应注意时态及人称的合理运用,还应注意表达方式的多样性和内容安排的层次性。写作时要注意角色的换位,即改变一个人的身份,使其变成另外一种身份,突破现实与环境的局限,自由通畅地来表达自己的想法。使用一些较高级词汇和较复杂的句式或表达。 ---- 幻灯片 26[黄金表达] 1.With the development of ..., people have to/our life will be ... 2.In the future, ... are sure to become ... 3.At that time people will have ... 4.To solve this problem, scientists have/will ... 5.Moreover, scientists will ... 6.Considering that ..., people will ... 7.According to ... needs, it can ... 8.In addition/Besides, it can also ... ---- 幻灯片 27点此进入 ----

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