幻灯片 1Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions
of Ancient China
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幻灯片 21．equal vt.等于，与……相等(＝be equal to)；比得上 adj.(大小、数量、程度)相等的；胜任的
n．同等的人和物
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幻灯片 3①She's the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.论智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。
②I'm sure Barbara's quite equal to the task.
我确信芭芭拉完全有能力承担这项任务。
③(2012年高考辽宁卷)So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an_equal power with the United States.因此，他们将生活在一个中国与美国同等权利的世界。
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幻灯片 42．order n．秩序；顺序；整齐；命令；订购；订单；点饭(菜)vt.命令；订购；安排
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幻灯片 5①He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.
他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
②The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a month.
＝The doctor ordered that I (should)take a rest for a month.医生指示我要休息一个月。
③(2012年高考浙江卷)Successful people all have their own places where they can withdraw in_order_to work.成功人士的烦恼是他们为了工作而从他们自己的地方离开。
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幻灯片 63．stress n．压力，重压；强调 vt.重音；着重；强调；重读
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幻灯片 7①I can't stress enough the carefulness while crossing roads.
过马路时一定要细心，我如何强调都不过分。
②The teacher laid particular stress on the need for discipline.
老师特别强调纪律的重要性。
③(2012年高考北京卷)“Stress affects how people learn，”says Professor Mara Mather.马拉马瑟教授说：“压力影响人们如何学习”。
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幻灯片 84．condition n．状况；条件；环境；社会地位
①The car has been well maintained and is in excellent condition.汽车一直保养得很好，处于极佳状态。
②I'll let you borrow it on condition that you lend me your bicycle in return.只要你把你的自行车借给我，我就会借给你。
③(2012年高考天津卷)Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists，and always use your lights in_dark_conditions.小心步行者和其他骑自行车的人，他们在黑暗的环境中总是借你的光。
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幻灯片 9(1)condition表示“环境”时，常用复数形式；表示“状况”时，是不可数名词；表示“条件”时，是可数名词。
(2)on no condition位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词等放在主语之前。
On no condition must you tell him what happened.
你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。
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幻灯片 105．contribution n．[C]贡献，投稿；[U]捐献，捐助；[C]捐献的物品(或钱)
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幻灯片 11①Day centres for the elderly make a valuable contribution to the overall service.
照顾老人的日托中心为整个服务事业作出了可贵的贡献。
②All the money to the flooded areas has been raised by voluntary contributions.
所有去灾区的钱都是靠自愿捐献筹措的。
③(2012年高考山东卷)One of the greatest contributions_to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual.第一本牛津英语词典的最大的贡献也是最不寻常的。
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幻灯片 126．bring up抚养；教育；提出；呕吐；使(车辆等)突然停住；(船等)停下/到终点
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幻灯片 13①All children should be brought up to respect their parents and teachers.
应该教育所有的儿童尊敬父母和老师。
②He was drunk and brought up what he had at midnight.
他喝醉了，半夜里把吃的东西都吐了。
③The great damage which the earthquake brought about made many people homeless or lose their lives.
地震所带来的巨大损失使许多人失去家园或者丧生。
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幻灯片 147．be at war with与……交战
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幻灯片 15①During the Second World War，Germany was at war with almost all the countries in the world.
第二次世界大战期间，德国几乎同世界上所有的国家处于交战状态。
②All the countries should solve their disputes in a peaceful way instead of going to war against each other.
所有国家都应该以和平的方式来解决争端而不是相互开战。
③The country had no other choice but to declare_war_on their enemy.
这个国家没有其他选择，不得不向敌人宣战。
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幻灯片 168．for the first time第一次(在句中作时间状语)
①With the Industrial Revolution，factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time.
随着工业革命的发展，工厂出现了，产品的批量生产第一次成为可能。
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幻灯片 17②For the first time，the people were able to dream of a better future.第一次，人们能够构想美好的未来。
③This is the first time that I've been away from my family for such a long time.
这是我第一次离家这么长时间。
④The_first_time I flew in a plane I was really nervous.
我第一次乘飞机时确实很紧张。
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幻灯片 189．in conclusion总之；总而言之
①In conclusion，I think that cars are very useful because travel is so easy with a car.总之，我认为汽车是很有用的，因为有了汽车，出行是很方便的。
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幻灯片 19②In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后，我想说我今天过得很开心。
③Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous.匆忙下结论是很危险的。
④We came_to_the_conclusion that the room must have been empty.我们得出结论：那个房间当时一定是空的。
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幻灯片 201．The children were all at ________ table，while the father sat at ________ table，reading a newspaper.
A．不填；不填 B．the；the
C．不填；the D．the；不填
解析：句意：孩子们都在吃饭，而这位父亲正坐在桌旁看报纸。at table意为“在吃饭”，而at the table意为“在桌旁”。
答案：C
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幻灯片 212．(2013年泰安模拟)Once the poison is ________，there is no further danger.
A．brought up B．brought in
C．brought back D．brought about
解析：句意：一旦把毒药吐出，就不会有更多危险。bring up“吐出，养育”；bring in“引进”；bring back“归还”；bring about“引起，导致”。
答案：A
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幻灯片 223．Running a company is not ________ a matter of hiring people－they also need to be trained.
A．simply B．partly
C．seriously D．equally
解析：句意：管理一家公司不是与雇佣人相同的一件事情，他们需要受到训练。simply“简单地”；partly“部分地”；seriously“严肃地”；equally“相同地，平等地”。
答案：D
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幻灯片 234．(2013年大连高三检测)Due to bad weather，the police had to ________ the search for the missing boy.
A．resign B．abandon
C．conduct D．release
解析：考查动词辨析。句意：由于恶劣的天气的缘故，警察们不得不放弃对丢失男孩的寻找。表示“放弃”用abandon，而resign“辞去，放弃”，conduct“处理，经营”，release“释放”，都不符合句意。
答案：B
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幻灯片 245．(2013年宜昌模拟)Teachers often ________ the importance of diligence in the approach to success.
A．noticed B．stressed
C．spoke D．talked
解析：stress“强调，极力主张”；notice“观察”；speak“说”；talk“讲”。由句意知B项符合。stress the importance of...“强调……的重要性”。
答案：B
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幻灯片 256．We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great ________.
A．emotion B．excitement
C．crisis D．stress
解析：考查动词短语的构成。put sb.under(great)stress“使某人处境(非常)紧张，使某人受(很大)压力”。
答案：D
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幻灯片 267．Though he started late，Mr.Guo played the piano as well as，if ________，Miss Liu.
A．not better than B．not better
C．no better than D．no better
解析：句意：虽然郭先生钢琴学得晚，可是他弹得即使不比刘小姐好，也至少和她一样好。因为有Miss Liu作宾语，than不可以省略，所以排除B和D。no better than“两者都不好”，而本题是说郭先生弹得不错，故排除C项；not better than不比……好。
答案：A
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幻灯片 278．His order was that he ________ next day.
A．returned B．return
C．was to return D．would return
解析：句意：他的命令是他应该第二天回来。thatclause是表语从句，受order的制约，应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为(should＋)动词原形。
答案：B
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幻灯片 289．(2013年大连模拟)________，the pay isn't attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting.
A．Generally speaking B．On the contrary
C．In particular D．To be honest
解析：考查词组辨析。句意：说实话，虽然工作本身很有趣，但报酬不是很吸引人。generally speaking“一般说来”；on the contrary“恰恰相反”；in particular“特别，尤其”；to be honest“说实话”。故选D项。
答案：D
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幻灯片 2910．(2013年银川高三质检)Eating too much fat can ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A．result from B．contribute to
C．attend to D．devote to
解析：result from“由于”；attend to“关心，照料”；devote to“致力于”；contribute to在此意为“引起，导致”，故B项符合句意。
答案：B
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幻灯片 3011．________，because of all the disadvantages I have mentioned，I think，as a student，we don't need a mobile phone.
A．As a result B．In conclusion
C．In fact D．To tell the truth
解析：考查固定搭配辨析。as a result“结果”；in conclusion“总之”；in fact“事实上”；to tell the truth“说实话”。句中有disadvantages I have mentioned...可推断这里应是总结时说的一句话，故选B。
答案：B
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幻灯片 3112．The flooded area is in ________ of total neglect.The people have to live in makeshift tents under the most appalling ________.
A．a condition；condition B．a condition；conditions
C．conditions；condition D．conditions；conditions
解析：句意：被洪水淹没的地区完全处于没人照管的境况。人们被迫住在移动帐篷里，处在最令人沮丧的条件下。be in a condition of...意为“处于……情形之下”；而第二空则表示“环境”。
答案：B
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幻灯片 321．Treat others in the way you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。
[知识提炼] way作为“方式；方法”的意思时，在句中作先行词，如果关系代词在定语从句中作状语，那么可以用that或in which来引导，that或in which也可以省略。
[句式仿写] 这就是他做此事的方法。
This_is_the_way_(that)_he_did_it.
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幻灯片 332．Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.古代中国是一个国与国之间经常发生战争的地方。
[知识提炼] 句中where引导定语从句，be at war with“与……处于交战状态”。
[句式仿写] 北京是我的出生地。
Beijing_is_the_place_where_(in_which)_I_was_born.
3．Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.孟子是一位思想家，他的学说与孔子的学说非常相似。
[知识提炼] 该句中代词those代替the teachings。
[句式仿写] 书桌上面的书比桌子下面的那些好。
The_books_on_the_desk_are_better_than_those_under_the_desk.
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幻灯片 344．However，we do know that in 1092 AD he invented...
然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年，他发明了……
[知识提炼] 本句中的do是对谓语动词进行强调。在肯定句中(通常是现在时和过去时的肯定句中)，可将助动词do(does/did)放在谓语动词之前来强调该动词，这时谓语动词要用动词原形。
[句式仿写] 使我高兴的是，这棵植物确实看起来像是我们正在寻找的那棵。
To_my_great_joy，the_plant_did_look_exactly_like_what_we_were_looking_for.
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幻灯片 351．Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人是善良的。
the reason why...is that...是一个固定句式，意为“……的原因是……”。其中why引导的是定语从句，that引导的是表语从句。
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幻灯片 36①The reason why some people died young is that they didn't pay attention to their health.
一些人早逝的原因是他们不注意自己的身体健康。
②I won't accept the reason that/which he explained for his being late.
我不会接受他对于迟到所作的解释。
③The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.
他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上早班车。
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幻灯片 37(1)that is because...中because引导的表语从句表述原因；that is why...中why引导的表语从句表结果。
①Sorry，we are late.That's because we were held up in the traffic jam.
很抱歉我们迟到了，那是因为我们遇上交通堵塞被耽搁了。
②We were late；that's why we missed the first bus.
我们迟到了，那就是为什么我们错过了第一班车。
(2)reason用作定语从句先行词时，首先判断reason在定语从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，则要使用关系副词why；如作主语或宾语，则使用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。当reason在定语从句中作宾语时，that或which可省略。
③We'd like to know the reason why she didn't accept the job.
我们希望知道她为什么不接受这份工作。
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幻灯片 382．Treat others in the_way you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
句中的way表示“方式、方法”，其后接定语从句时，要用that/in which来引导，也可将引导定语从句的关系词省略。
①Being disabled has completely changed the way he understands the world around him.
残疾已经完全改变了他理解周围世界的方式。
②We have been struck by the way he teaches us the language.
我们被他教我们语言的方式给吸引住了。
③We not only attach importance to the result，we also stress the way you solve the problem.
我们不仅认为结果是重要的，我们也强调你解决问题的方法。
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幻灯片 391．(2013年泰安模拟)Nuclear radiation is said ________ the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquake over the past few months.
A．being B．to be
C．to have been D．that it is
解析：考查It is said that的变形句。该句型可以改写成“原that从句的主语＋be said＋动词不定式”的结构，其中的不定式根据需要可以用不同的时态形式。句意：据说在过去的几个月里核辐射已经成为日本地震中最大的健康挑战。由句中的over the past few months可知，不定式要用完成式。
答案：C
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幻灯片 402．(2013年合肥质检)What a wonder！They've finished ________ half of the project in such a short time.
A．no more than B．no less than
C．not more than D．much less than
解析：句意：真是一个奇迹！他们在这么短的时间内就完成了多达一半的工程。no more than＝only仅仅；no less than＝as much as不少于，多达。如：We won no less than 500 pounds in a competition.我们在一场比赛中赢的钱多达500英镑。not more than至多，不超过；much less than比……少得多。
答案：B
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幻灯片 413．(2013年成都高三检测)What surprised us was not what she said but ________ she said it.
A．the way B．in the way that
C．the way which D．the way what
解析：not...but...连接的前后两部分应该是并列成分，故but后应是名词，又因the way作先行词时，后面的连接词可以是that/in which或省略。故A项正确。
答案：A
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幻灯片 424．(2012年高考北京卷)When deeply absorbed in work，________ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A．that B．which
C．where D．when
解析：句意：他常常聚精会神地工作，这时他会废寝忘食。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为逗号前面的deeply absorbed in work，关系词在定语从句中充当表语成分，故选择B项。
答案：B
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幻灯片 435．(2012年高考福建卷)The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A．that B．it
C．as D．what
解析：句意：正如报告中所表明的，城市空气质量在过去两个月里已经得到改善。本题考查由as引导的非限制性定语从句。分析题干可知，________ is shown in the report是非限制性定语从句，因为代词that，it和what不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以排除A、B和D项，正确答案为C项。
答案：C
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