幻灯片 1Module 4 Great Scientists
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幻灯片 21．support v．& n．支撑；支持；供养，赡养
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幻灯片 3----
幻灯片 4①She needs a high income to support such a large family.
她需要一份高收入来养活这么一大家子。
②The old man entered the hall，supported by his two sons.
在他两个儿子的搀扶下，老人走进了大厅。
③After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends，it's time to get down to business.
当你静下心来，从成年人和朋友得到帮助后，到了开始做事情的时候了。
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幻灯片 52．quantity n．量；数量；大量
①Worst of all，I get a larger quantity of homework，compared to them.
最糟糕的是，与他们相比我的作业量更大。
②Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.
本学期你的作业在数量和质量上都有提高。
③A_quantity_of money has been spent in bringing up his children.＝Quantities of money have been spent in bringing up his children.
他在教育孩子方面花了许多钱。
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幻灯片 7(2)a (good/great/large/small) number of＋可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，意为“大/少量的”；
(large/small) numbers of＋可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，意为“大/少量的”；
the number of＋可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数，意为“……的数量”。
(3)a (large/small) amount of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，意为“大量的”；
(large) amounts of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，意为“大量的”。
A number of boys have been absent some time during the term.
这学期很多男生有时缺课。
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幻灯片 83．escape vi.逃脱，避开，溜走
vt.逃避，避免；被忘掉；情不自禁地发出；
被……忘记；未被……注意
n．逃，逃亡，逃跑
①The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
中国人发现从管中逸出的气体能够把它推到空中。
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幻灯片 9②The driver narrowly escaped being killed in the traffic accident.司机险些在这起交通事故中丧生。
③There's no escaping the fact that she did actually lie to you.不可否认的是，她的确对你撒了谎。
escape后常接v.ing形式作宾语。
①There is no way to escape doing the task.
没有方法逃避这项工作。
②She managed to escape from the burning car.
她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
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幻灯片 104．clear vt.使清澈；使清楚；扫清
vi.变清澈；(天)变晴；(烟雾)消散
adj.清澈的；晴；清晰的；畅通的
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幻灯片 11①We started our journey shortly after the heavy fog cleared.
大雾消散之后，我们立刻开始了我们的行程。
②They cleared up the misunderstanding and made up.
他们消除误会和好了。
③As a classmate began his report，it all became clear.
当班内一个同学进行报告时，它都变的清晰了。
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幻灯片 125．publish vt.出版，刊印；公布，发表
①He works for a company that publishes reference books.
他在一家工具书出版公司工作。
②The new dictionary will appear next week.
新字典下星期出版。
③Believing my novel could not be published，I put it aside.
想到我的小说不可能出版时，我把它忽视了。
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幻灯片 136．leading adj.主要的，领先的
①The company is the leading software provider in the domestic PC markets.
这家公司是国内个人电脑市场的主要软件供应商。
②We lead_a very quiet life since Ralph retired.
自从拉尔夫退休后，我们过着非常平静的生活。
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幻灯片 147．bring in请来，带进；引进；赚钱；收割庄稼；逮捕
①Researchers were brought in from all over China.
从中国各地请来研究人员
②They have brought_in_some_advanced_equipment.
他们引进了一些先进设备。
③Farmers in the south have also brought in good crops.
南方的农民也获得好收成。
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幻灯片 158．come to power掌权；执政(＝come into power)
①The government in power is devoted to the improvement of education.这一届政府致力于提高教育。
②Albert Einstein left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在希特勒掌权时离开了德国去美国工作。
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幻灯片 16③It's beyond/not_within_my_power to help you.
我是爱莫能助。
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幻灯片 179.as a result of由于……的结果；因为……
①Tourism，while it brings in money，can also do damage to the World Heritage sites there.
虽然旅游能带来经济效益，但是它会造成对世界遗产的损害。
②Obesity can result_from a lack of exercise and a poor diet.
肥胖症起因于缺乏运动和不正常的饮食。
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幻灯片 18----
幻灯片 1910．earn one‘s living谋生
①For many years，the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers.
多年来，大部分爱尔兰人靠种田过日子。
②I earned my living mainly from teaching.
我主要以教书为生。
③The company has earned a reputation for reliability.
公司已赢得可靠的声誉。
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幻灯片 201．(2013年唐山月考)Armed police and railway workers were removing snow from the track to ________ a train stuck near Jining in Inner Mongolia.
A．recover B．free
C．protect D．clear
解析：考查动词辨析。recover“重新获得，恢复”；free“释放，使自由”；protect“保护”；clear“扫除，清除”。武警和铁路工人(当时)正在清扫铁轨上的积雪，以解救被困的火车。a train stuck near Jining in Inner Mongolia暗示这里应填free。
答案：B
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幻灯片 212．The survey shows that driving under the influence of alcohol ________ many traffic accidents.
A．results from B．brings out
C．answers for D．leads to
解析：句意：研究表明，酒后开车会导致很多的交通事故。lead to导致；result from由于；bring out生产，拿出；answer for得到……的报应。
答案：D
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幻灯片 223．Their faces ________ after the longterm misunderstandings were ________.
A．cleared up；cleared up B．cleared off；cleared off
C．cleared out；cleared out D．cleared away；cleared away
解析：句意：长期的误会消除之后他们的脸色也变好了。clear up“消除，露出喜悦的表情”；clear off“清除，摆脱”；clear out“离开，逃走”；clear away“消失”。
答案：A
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幻灯片 234．He broke his mother's favorite vase，but he was lucky to escape ________.
A．to be punished B．being punished
C．punished D．punishing
解析：句意：他打破了妈妈最喜欢的花瓶，但他很幸运逃脱了惩罚。escape doing“逃脱做……”，又因punish与主语he之间是动宾关系，故要用v.ing形式的被动式being punished。
答案：B
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幻灯片 245．As a result of destroying the forests，a large ________ of desert ________ covered the land.
A．number；has B．quantity；has
C．number；have D．quantity；have
解析：句意：因为森林遭到破坏，大量的沙漠已覆盖了土地。“a large number of＋可数名词复数”，其谓语动词用复数；“a large quantity of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故B项正确。
答案：B
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幻灯片 256．________ the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area need to be repaired.
A．As a result of B．On top of
C．In front of D．In need of
解析：考查词义辨析。句意：由于严重洪水灾害，这个地区三分之二的建筑物需要维修。as a result of“由于……的结果”，符合题意。on top of“在……之外，另外”；in front of“在……前面”；in need of“需要”。
答案：A
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幻灯片 267．If has been two years since this party ________.Many people wonder whether it will stay on.
A．has been in power B．has come to power
C．took office D．came to power
解析：考查时态。come to power“掌权，执政”，为短暂性动词短语，因第一个句子中的主句用了现在完成时，从句由since引导，故D项符合。
答案：D
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幻灯片 278．Mendel was known ________ a famous scientist ________ his contributions ________ genetics.
A．for；as；to B．as；to；in
C．for；with；in D．as；for；to
解析：句意：Mendel作为一名著名科学家因其对遗传学的贡献而闻名。be known as“作为……而闻名”，be known for“因……而闻名”；be known to“为……所知”；contributions to“对……的贡献”。根据句意可知D项正确。
答案：D
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幻灯片 289．The policeman ________ a thief caught ________ in the supermarket.
A．brought up；stealing B．brought in；stealing
C．brought out；stolen D．brought on；stolen
解析：bring in意为“带进来”；catch sb.doing sth.意为“抓住某人在做某事”。
答案：B
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幻灯片 2910．The little boy helped his little classmates ________ the Wenchuan Earthquake though he was badly hurt.
A．escape B．strike
C．survive D．save
解析：考查动词辨析。survive“经历……之后还活着，幸存”。escape“逃跑”，其后应接介词from后才能跟宾语。句意：这个小男孩尽管伤得很重，但他还是帮助他的小同学在汶川地震中幸免于难。
答案：C
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幻灯片 3011．—Hey！Here is a message on my cell phone，telling me to send money to...
—Delete it！It's a trick.Many a person ________ by such tricks.
A．has been cheated B．have been cheated
C．were cheated D．was cheated
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，当句子主语被many a修饰时，意为“许多……”，但谓语动词应用单数形式，故排除选项B和C；由语境可知，许多人被这样的花招欺骗了，根据对话中的“Delete it”可知，人们对此已经有了警惕，故A项正确。
答案：A
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幻灯片 3112．The old man sat in front of the television every evening，happy ________ anything that happened to be on.
A．to watch B．watching
C．watched D．to have watched
解析：句意：每天晚上这个老人都坐在电视机前，高兴地看着电视上演的任何东西。本题考查动词不定式作状语。表示情感的词如happy，glad等用动词不定式作状语，故排除B、C两项。而D项为完成式，不符合题意。
答案：A
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幻灯片 321．Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.它的产量比巴基斯坦所种植的其它水稻产量都要高很多。
[知识提炼] 句中much修饰比较级，意为“……得多”。
[句式仿写] 那本书很有趣，但是这本书更有趣。
That_book_is_interesting，but_this_one_is_even_more_interesting.
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幻灯片 332．2/3 of the world's population regularly eat rice.世界人口中有三分之二的人经常吃大米。
[知识提炼] 分数或百分数修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。
[句式仿写] 地球表面的三分之二被水覆盖。
Two_thirds_of_the_earth's_surface_is_covered_by_water.
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幻灯片 343．Or was he carried miles into space，becoming the world's first astronaut？或者他被带到了空中数英里的地方，成为了世界上第一个宇航员？
[知识提炼] 本句中的becoming the world's first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语常表示一种自然结果或意料之中的结果。
[句式仿写] 音乐会因为某种原因取消了，这使得孩子们很失望。
The_concert_was_cancelled_for_some_reason，making_the_children_disappointed.
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幻灯片 354．But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.并不是人人都想在战斗中使用火箭。
[知识提炼] not everybody“并不是每个人”表示部分否定。
[句式仿写] 不是所有的预言都能变成现实。
Not_all_predictions_can_come_true.
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幻灯片 361．He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他认为，养活世人的关键是拥有更多的水稻并且能更快地生产出来。
(1)the key to (doing) sth.做某事的关键，……的钥匙。其中to是介词，所以后面接名词、代词、v.ing形式或what引导的从句。
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幻灯片 37①The key to success is to be ready from the start.
成功的关键是从开始就准备好。
②A nod was her answer to my suggestion.
她点头回答我的建议。
③An attitude to something is everything.
态度决定一切。
(2)该句中的to have more rice and to produce it more quickly是动词不定式短语作表语，表示对主语的解释说明。如果主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式，则动词不定式中的不定式符号to可以省略。不定式作表语的句子往往可转换为用它作主语的句子。
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幻灯片 38①Her wish is to become a nurse.
＝To become a nurse is her wish.
她的愿望是当一名护士。
②The only thing that she wants to do now is(to) go for a holiday.
现在她想做的唯一的事情就是去度假。
[比较网站]
不定式和动名词作表语
(1)不定式作表语：①一般表示具体的动作，尤其是表示将来的动作；②若主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也应是不定式(表示结果)。
(2)动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为。注意与进行时态的区别：进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的，而动名词作表语说明主语的性质或情况。
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幻灯片 39[以练促记]
①His aim is to_get (get)the first place.
②To see is to_believe (believe)．
③My interests are reading (read)novels.
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幻灯片 402．The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这些管子被系到一根长棍上，这根长棍可以帮助火箭笔直地运行。
keep sb./sth.doing sth.让……一直做某事。keep用于复合结构，其宾语补足语可以是介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等。
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幻灯片 41----
幻灯片 42keep sb./sth.from (doing) sth.“使某人(某物)不能做某事”
keep (on) doing sth.“继续做某事”
keep from doing sth.“避免做某事”
①They wanted to keep him from mixing with other children immediately.
他们想让他暂时别和其他孩子待在一块儿。
②I was badly ill，but the medicine he gave me kept me going.
我病得很厉害，但是他给的药使我坚持下来。
③You should try to keep from sitting up late at night.
你应该避免熬夜。
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幻灯片 431．(2013年长沙模拟)—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key ________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers.
A．to solving；making B．to solving；made
C．to solve；making D．to solve；made
解析：the key to中的to为介词，后面应跟名词或v.ing形式。因此可排除C、D两项；demand和make之间为被动关系，所以第二空用made。
答案：B
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幻灯片 442．The construction of the gym caused much noise，________ it difficult for people nearby to sleep.
A．made B．to make
C．making D．having made
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：正在建造的体育馆带来了很多噪声，使附近的人很难入睡。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故C项正确。
答案：C
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幻灯片 453．(2013年唐山模拟)It's freezing cold today.You might as well put on your overcoat ________ the bad weather.
A．on B．to
C．with D．against
解析：句意：今天天气极冷。你最好穿上你的大衣以抵抗恶劣天气。against防备，预防。
答案：D
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幻灯片 464．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.
A．reminding B．to remind
C．reminded D．remind
解析：考查动词和动词短语。句意：迈克尔在床边挂了一张姚明的照片以便时刻使自己记得自己的梦想。keep＋宾语＋宾补(使……处于某种状态)，后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或过去分词，过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系也就是被动关系，现在分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系；remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事或提醒某人某事，由该结构可以看出，himself与remind之间为被动关系，故选C。
答案：C
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幻灯片 475．After suffering a heart attack，Michael Jackson was pronounced dead，________ a tragic end to the world's most popular entertainer.
A．marking B．to mark
C．marked D．having marked
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，迈克尔·杰克逊在心脏病突发后死去，这标志着世界上最受欢迎的艺人的悲惨结局。marking在此作结果状语，故选A。
答案：A
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