幻灯片 1选修7 Units 1～2
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幻灯片 2话题之十三——失物求助
三年1考
[2010重庆]假设你是李华，于2010年6月3日搭乘国外某航
空公司航班（flight number BA793）回国后，发现遗失了一个
行李箱（suitcase）。现请用英文给该航空公司写一封信，请他
们帮你寻找。信件要点包括：1. 陈述写信原因2. 简要描述该行
李3. 说明其重要性4. 期待回复并表示感谢。注意：词数100左
右。
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幻灯片 3Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua. I took the flight BA793 on June 3, 2010. But when I came to my home, I found I lost a suitcase. I am writing to request you to help me find it back.
My suitcase is a small blue one with a zip. There is a label on the handle with my name and address on it. It is really important for me, because I had put all my important documents in it, including my ID card, passport and so on. Besides, it is what my father sent to me on my birthday.
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幻灯片 4 Thanks for your kind consideration and I am looking forward to receiving your earliest reply.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
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幻灯片 51. 本文为失物求助类的应用文写作。
①第一段陈述写信原因——请求帮助找回丢失的行李箱。
②第二段详细描述行李箱的具体情况以及它的重要性。
③第三段期待回复并表示感谢。
2. 全文行文流畅，句式变化多样，用词地道。
①高级词汇：request, document, consideration
②高级句型：it is what. . . (what引导的表语从句)
③语篇过渡语：but, besides
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幻灯片 6【佳作习得】完成句子
Oh, you are right. That’s __________________________ (我所期待的).
what I have been expecting
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幻灯片 7 写作提升(八)——提纲作文
提纲作文一直是高考书面表达的主要形式，其特点是把材料分成信息块，列成独立的文字信息。写好提纲作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、内容以及文体。
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幻灯片 8[2011上海]
Write an English composition in 120～150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学(Ming Qi Middle School)的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信(信中不能提到真实姓名和学校)。
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幻灯片 9启事
国际儿童基金会将资助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费2, 000元。
有意者请来信告知：
1)你个人的基本情况；
2)你对申请项目的基本设想；
3)项目经费的使用计划。
联系方式: 2011hope@icf. org
2011
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幻灯片 10【审题谋篇】
1. 本篇为提纲作文，为常考形式，目的是申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。
2. 人称：第一人称
3. 时态：个人情况——一般现在时
设想与计划——一般将来时
4. 写作要点：
①个人基本情况。
②对申请项目的基本设想。
③对项目经费的使用计划。
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幻灯片 11【常用模板】
Ⅰ. 格式模板
开头：I’m writing to you with reference to the project that. . .
正文：First, I’ll introduce myself to you. . . If I succeed in applying for it. . .
结尾：Such is my plan. . . I’m looking forward to. . .
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幻灯片 12 Ⅱ. 句式模板
1. 乐于帮助别人
①be ready to help others
②be glad to (be offered an opportunity to) help others
2. 考虑到……
①Considering. . . .
②Taking. . . into account
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幻灯片 13 3. 渴望得到您的答复
①be looking forward to your reply
②be eager to get your reply
③sb. would appreciate it if sb. could get your reply
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幻灯片 14【尝试运用】
1. 我认为这个项目会给我一个能帮助更多孩子的机会。
_______________________________________________ _____________
2. 我要帮助他们获取正确的人生观，帮助他们运用知识改变人生。
I’ll help them acquire a correct outlook on life, and help them exploit knowledge to change their fortune. (用分词形式合并句子)
I think this project will offer me an opportunity to help
more children.
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幻灯片 15 I’ll help them acquire a correct outlook on life, helping them exploit knowledge to change their fortune.
_______________________________________________ _________________________________________
3. 考虑到项目专款，我会将其分成三部分。
一般表达：
As for the project fund, I’ll divide it into three parts.
高级表达：
________________________________________________ ___________
Taking the project fund into account, I’ll divide it into three parts.
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幻灯片 16【佳文点睛】
Dear Chairman,
I’m writing to you with reference to the project that helps the children in poor areas, ____ I want to apply for it.
_____ , I’ll introduce myself to you. I’m Li Ming, a Senior 2 student at Ming Qi Middle School. I’m a student of good character and fine scholarship. I’m ready to help others in daily life. I think this project will offer me an opportunity to help more children.
and
First
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幻灯片 17 If I succeed in applying for it, ________________ , I’ll keep in touch with the poor children frequently by writing letters, emails or meeting face to face;________________, I’ll communicate with them _________ in life ________ in studies, ____ get to know more about them and help them in every aspect; _______________, I’ll help them acquire a correct outlook on life, helping them exploit knowledge to change their fortune.
first and foremost
in the meanwhile
not only
but also
and
last but not least
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幻灯片 18 Taking the project fund into account, I’ll divide it into three parts. One part is used for their tuition and books; another part is for their daily life ____ the last part is for enriching their hobbies, aiming to help them develop in an all-round way.
Such is my plan about the project. I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
and
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幻灯片 19[2012杭州模拟]
假设你是李华，你班来自美国的交流学生Arthur患病住院已有三周，请你用英文给他写封信，主要内容包括：
1.询问病情，表示关切
2.介绍班级近期活动、学习等情况
3.表达祝愿
注意：1.词数100～120；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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幻灯片 20Dear Arthur,
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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幻灯片 21【参考范文】
Dear Arthur,
It’s three weeks since you fell ill. I guess you have suffered a lot in hospital, but are you feeling any better now? We’re concerned about your health. And we all miss you very much.
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幻灯片 22 In the past three weeks, we’ve buried ourselves in study because the exam is around the corner. But don’t worry about your lessons, with which all of us will help you when you are back. Besides the routine work, we held a football match in our grade and our class won the championship. If only you had been with us!
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幻灯片 23 We hope you will soon recover and join us in our colorful school life.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
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幻灯片 24代词和介词
代词和介词常见于高考试题之中，主要考查it的用法，替代词的辨析，不定代词的辨析，介词(短语)的辨析，以及介词的搭配。复习时注意以下几个方面：1. 掌握代词it的用法；2. 理解并掌握不定代词以及替代词的区别；3. 了解反身代词的用法；4. 牢记常见的介词短语；5. 弄清近义介词的区别。
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幻灯片 251.［2011四川, 3］There is ________ in his words. We should have a try.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything
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幻灯片 26【解析】选A。考查不定代词。句意：他说的有点道理，咱们应该试一试。something意为“有意义的事物”常用于肯定句中。anything意为“任何重要的事”，常用于疑问句和否定句中。nothing 表示否定含义，和句意不符。everything意思又太绝对了，故选A。
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幻灯片 272.［2011山东, 24］The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
【解析】选A。考查代词用法。句意：两个女孩长得如此相像以至于陌生人都发现很难将其中一个与另外一个区分开来。it在句中充当形式宾语，代替后面的真正的宾语to tell one from the other。
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幻灯片 283.［2011浙江, 7］Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as ________ else.
A. anything B. something
C. anywhere D. somewhere
【解析】选C。考查不定代词。句意：由于人们都喜欢幽默，所以幽默在交谈中和在其他任何场合一样受欢迎。此题的关键是“in conversation”，提醒考生空格处应该是不定代词表示地点。A、B两项不表示地点，所以首先排除，D项不符合句意，应该是任何场合和地点。
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幻灯片 294.［2011辽宁, 27］—Would you like tea or coffee?
—________ , thank you. I’ve just had some water.
A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither
【解析】 选D。考查代词辨析。句意：——您想喝茶还是咖啡？——都不喝，谢谢。我刚刚喝了些水。根据后面一句“刚刚喝了水”可知回答者是什么也不喝，要用neither来否定两者。either两者选一；both都，肯定两者；any三者或三者以上的任何一个。故选D。
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幻灯片 305.［2011陕西, 16］—Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?
—________ one?
A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More
【解析】选C。考查代词用法。句意：——亲爱的，能否帮我从厨房拿块巧克力？——再来一块？如果想表达“再来一块”的含义，可以用One more来表达，故排除D项；every one意为“每一个人/物”，意思不符；other往往后面跟名词的复数形式；another又一，再一，符合句意，故选C项。
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幻灯片 316.［2011湖南, 24］I knew that ________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
A. something B. anything
C. everything D. nothing
【解析】选D。考查不定代词。句意：我知道没有什么会使他灰心，他永远不会放弃成为导演的梦想。由句意可知此处应填表示否定意义的代词。
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幻灯片 327.［2011上海，26］To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ________.
A. the other B. other C. the others D. another
【解析】选D。考查代词用法。句意：为了保持清醒状态，他喝完一杯咖啡后又要了一杯。another指在原来的基础上的“再一(个)，又一(个)”，表示增加，由句意可知他是在喝完一杯咖啡后又要了一杯，故用another；the other指的是两者之中的“另外一个”；other意为“另一，另一些”，但没有增加的意思；the others表示其余的全部，由句子语境可知A、B、C三个选项都不符合句意。
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幻灯片 338.［2011全国卷Ⅱ, 11］I got this bicycle for ________; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
A. everything B. something
C. anything D. nothing
【解析】选D。考查不定代词。句意：我免费得到这辆自行车：我朋友买了辆新的就把它给了我。for nothing不花钱，免费。
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幻灯片 349.［2011重庆, 27］—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
—What do you think of ________ over there?
A. the one B. this C. it D. that
【解析】 选 D。考查代词。句意：——我真愚蠢！我忘了我的行李是什么样子的了。——你觉得那边那件是你的吗？根据over there可知此处指这种的物体，故用that; the one指同类中的一个用来指代可数名词，而luggage是不可数名词；this指近处；it指代同一物，均不符合句意。
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幻灯片 3510.［2011安徽, 22］Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made ________ almost an overcoat for her.
A. them B. her C. itself D. herself
【解析】选C。考查反身代词。句意：令人惊奇地是，苏珊的秀发直抵膝盖以下，就像给她披上了一袭外衣。根据句意及句子结构，选项表示的是主语hair，故应选择与主语hair同义的反身代词itself。
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幻灯片 3611.［2011福建，21］We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ________ based on your own interests.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
【解析】选C。考查代词用法。句意：我们有各种各样的夏令营，你可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。either两者中的任何一个；each每一个; one一个，为泛指，泛指同类事物或人中的某一个；it为特指，特指上文提到的某人或某物。根据语境可知，此处应是表示泛指的某一个。
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幻灯片 3712.［2011北京, 34］The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ________.
A. them B. those C. it D. that
【解析】 选C。考查代词用法。 句意：由于当地政府努力提高就业率，大城市的就业率已继续升高。it表示同类同物，替代前面的特指的单数名词或不可数名词。that表示同类不同物，替代特指的单数名词或特指的不可数名词。本题表示同类同物，需用it替代前面提到的the employment rate。故答案为C。
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幻灯片 3813.［2011四川, 8］Nick, it’s good for you to read some books ________ China before you start your trip there.
A. in B. for C. of D. on
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意: 尼克，去中国旅游之前，读点关于中国的书是有好处的。介词on 表示“关于；论及”之意。介词in, for, of 皆无此意，故选D。
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幻灯片 3914.［2011全国卷Ⅰ, 30］The form cannot be signed by anyone ________ yourself.
A. rather than B. other than
C. more than D. better than
【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意：这个表格除了你自己外其他人都不能签名。rather than“不是”；other than“除了”；more than“多于，不仅仅”；better than“胜过”。
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幻灯片 4015.［2011山东, 30］I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy ________ the past couple of weeks.
A. beyond B. with C. among D. over
【解析】选D。考查介词用法。句意：很抱歉没有给你打电话，在过去的几周时间里我一直很忙。over在句中为介词，意为“在……期间”，与句意相符；beyond 超过，超越；with带有，具有；among 在中间，在……之中。
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幻灯片 4116.［2011浙江, 5］I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ________.
A. on B. for C. by D. of
【解析】选B。考查介词。句意：我一直想做我曾经受过培训的工作。“be trained for. . . ”，表示“为了……接受培训”，所以只有B项正确。
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幻灯片 4217.［2011天津，11］He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects.
A. below B. of C. on D. above
【解析】 选D。考查介词。句意：他是一个好学生，在大部分科目上得分都高出平均分。below average“低于平均分”；on average“平均”；above average“高于平均分”。根据句意选D。
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幻灯片 4318.［2011上海，25］Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ________ the tough years.
A. through B. up C. with D. from
【解析】选A。考查介词用法。句意：毕业是感谢那些曾经帮助你度过艰难岁月的人的好时刻。help sb. through sth. 帮助某人度过某段时期(尤指艰难的时期)；help sb. up把某人扶起来；help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事；from来自，自……以来。由句意和这几个介词的意义可知选A。
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幻灯片 4419.［2011江苏, 32］We’d better discuss everything ________ before we work out the plan.
A. in detail B. in general
C. on purpose D. on time
【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们最好在制订计划之前详细地讨论一切事情。in detail详细地；in general一般来说，大体上；on purpose故意地；on time按时。
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幻灯片 4520.［2011全国卷Ⅱ, 14］This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.
A. with B. until C. for D. at
【解析】选B。考查介词。句意：这家商店因修理将关闭, 营业时间另行通知。在此until是介词，表示“到……为止”。
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幻灯片 4621.［2011重庆, 24］Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library.
A. in B. for C. by D. from
【解析】 选D。考查介词。句意：雪莉，一个十足的读书爱好者，经常从图书馆借很多书回家看。表示“从某处”用介词from。
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幻灯片 4722.［2011安徽, 25］Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems.
A. in B. to C. on D. after
【解析】选B。考查介词。句意：有时不难找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。本题的中心词是answers，后面的food safety problems是answers的定语；而与answers搭配使用的介词只有to，即answers to food safety problems, 因此选B。
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幻灯片 4823.［2011北京, 35］With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color.
A. by B. for C. with D. in
【解析】选D。考查介词用法。句意：用新的科技，水下山谷能被拍下彩色照片。by多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前，如by hand等；with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰，如：with a spade, with our eyes等；in表示使用语言、原料、材料等，如in English。故D项为正确答案。
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幻灯片 4924.［2010江苏，29］So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A. next to B. far from
C. out of D. due to
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幻灯片 50【解析】选B。考查固定短语意义的辨析。句意：到目前为止，我们已经做了很多工作来打造低碳经济，但是还远不理想。我们还必须更加努力工作。next to意为“几乎，差不多；紧邻着”，与句意相反；far from意为“远非；远离”，后面常常接名词或者形容词；out of意为“(从……里)出来”；due to意为“由于”，后面常常接名词，可以作表语或者原因状语，相当于because of。根据句意选择B项。
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幻灯片 51表1 常用代词用法辨析
it
指代前面提到的同一事物；
Your story is interesting, but I don’t like it.
指代动物、婴儿或未知的人；
Look at the baby. Isn’t it lovely?
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幻灯片 52it
指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等;
It is half past two now.
作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式，动名词、名词性从句；
①It is the teachers’ duty to teach the students.
②He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.
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幻灯片 53it
表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it, 构成固定结构，这类动词常用enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。
I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.
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幻灯片 54it
常用在以下固定句型中：
It takes sb. some time to do. . .
It’s (about/high)time that sb. should do
It’s the first(second. . . )time that sb. have done sth.
It’s. . . since. . .
It will be/was. . . before. . .
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分(强调句型)
①It took me two weeks to finish the work.
②It’s high time that you should get down to the work.
③It’s the first time I have been to Beijing.
④It’s two weeks since we last met.
⑤It won’t be long before we meet again.
⑥It’s from the sun that we get light and heat.
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幻灯片 55one
代替单数可数名词，表示泛指; ones为其复数形式，其前后均可被定语修饰。
①I don’t have a computer. I want to buy one next year.
②I want large ones, not small ones.
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幻灯片 56one
the one替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，其后往往带定语，the ones是the one的复数形式。
①This dress is larger but cheaper than the one on the top hanger.
②I love reading poems by Emerson better than the ones by Whitman.
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幻灯片 57that
既可以替代特指的单数名词，相当于the one, 也可以替代特指的不可数名词，常带后置定语。其复数形式为those, 相当于the ones。
①The book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk.
②My questions are similar to those you raised.
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幻灯片 58all
指三个或三个以上的人或物，可以和of短语连用。作主语，指“所有的人”时，谓语用复数，指“所有的事”时，谓语用单数。
①They all agreed to the plan.
②So all is going well.
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幻灯片 59both
指两个人或物，可以和of短语连用
You are both too young. /Both of you are too young.
each
表示两者或两者以上的每一个，表示个体，既可作定语，又可充当主语、宾语、同位语，可以与of短语连用。
①Each of my children goes to a different school.
②The tickets cost 10 dollars each.
③The tickets each costs 10 dollars.
④You may find that each child in the kindergarten gives a different answer to the question.
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幻灯片 60every
表示三者或三者以上的每一个，都强调整体，仅作定语，后接单数可数名词。every还可表示“每(隔)……的”。
①Every one has strong and weak points.
②Take this medicine with warm water every other day.
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幻灯片 61There’s coffee and tea—you can have either.
either
表示“两者中的任何一个”
neither
neither ( pron. )和“neither of+n. ”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
①Neither was satisfactory.
②Neither of the two boys has passed the geography examination.
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幻灯片 62①—How much money do you have?
—None.
②None of the books are/is interesting.
③None of the rubbish has been removed.
none
1. 既可指人，也可指物，后可接
of短语，常用来回答how many/
much的问题。
2. 代指可数名词时，指三者或三者以上，作主语时谓语动词用单复数均可。
3. 代指不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
4. none可在句中作主语或宾语。
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幻灯片 63—Who will go there?
—No one/Nobody.
no one
表示泛指，无范围，仅指人，不指物；who表泛指用nobody/no one回答。
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幻灯片 64①He will stay here for another three days.
②Please come another day.
another
1. 指至少有三个以上的另外任何一个，不与冠词连用，所跟的名词是可数的。
2. 当another表示“又一，再一”的意思时，可以跟数词或few引导的复数名词词组连用。 another的搭配：one after another相继地；one way or another无论怎样；another day改天。
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幻灯片 65①Would you please make it some other day?
②He has no other close friends like John.
other
另外的，相当于形容词，只作定语，修饰后面的名词。
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幻灯片 66Some students are cleaning the classroom, others are playing on the playground.
others
泛指别的人或物，是other的复数形式，构成some. . . , others. . .
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幻灯片 67I have two sisters, one works as a worker, the other serves in the army.
the
other
1. 两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one. . . the other. . .
2. 作定语修饰复数名词
时，表示“全部其余的”。
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幻灯片 68I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, the others are blue.
the
others
特指其余的人或物，相当于the other+复数名词。
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幻灯片 69特
别
提
醒
1. 常用it 作形式主语的句型：
It is a pity that. . . 真可惜……It is no wonder that . . . 难怪……
It is obvious/clear that. . . 很明显……It seems/ appears that. . . 看来/似乎……
It occurred to sb. that. . . 某人突然想到……It was said/reported that. . . 据说/据报道……
It is no use/good doing sth. 做某事没用处/没好处
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幻灯片 70特
别
提
醒
2. 部分否定
not出现在含有all, both, everyone, everybody,everything等不定代词的句子中，表部分否定；此外, not与总括性副词如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。
Everyone isn’t going to the Summer Palace tomorrow.
并非每个人明天都去颐和园。
Such a thing can’t be found everywhere.
这种事并非到处可见。
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幻灯片 71特
别
提
醒
3. 含有反身代词的惯用语
for oneself亲自；of oneself自动的；to oneself独自享用；by oneself单独地；enjoy oneself过得愉快；devote oneself to专心于；apply oneself to
专心致志于；adapt oneself to适应；make oneself at home不要客气；
find oneself +地点 发现自己不知不
觉来到……。
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幻灯片 72介词与动
词的搭配
insist on坚持
benefit by/from从……得到好处
differ from区别于
agree with同意某人的意见
agree on就……达成一致
agree to同意某建议
impress on给……留下印象
表2 几组常见的介词搭配
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幻灯片 73介词与动
词的搭配
stand for代表
hope for希望得到
account for解释; 是……的原因
prepare for准备
hear from收到……的来信
hear of听说
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幻灯片 74介词与形容词的搭配
be interested in对……感兴趣
be keen on对……很热衷
be strict with/in对某人/事严格
be concerned about/with/over对……很关心
be different from与……不同
be convinced of确信
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幻灯片 75to one’s delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/
regret令人快乐/吃惊/恐怖/悲哀/喜悦/遗憾的
是; to the point切题
介词
与名
词搭
配
to+n.
at+n.
at most至多 at least至少
at present目前 at noon在中午
at table在用餐 at hand在手边，临近
at risk在危险中 at war处于战争中
at will随意地
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幻灯片 76in advance提前
in the long run从长远来说
in short简而言之
in other words换句话说
in conclusion总之
in detail详细地
in future今后
in a hurry匆忙地
介词
与名
词搭
配
in+n.
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幻灯片 77in public公开地
in secret秘密地
in return作为回报
in reality实际上
in turn轮流地
in case以防万一
in vain白白地
in particular特别地
介词
与名
词搭
配
in+n.
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幻灯片 78in color从颜色上(来说)
in general一般地
in preparation在准备之中
in store(意外、问题等)将要发生，就要出现
in doubt拿不准
介词
与名
词搭
配
in+n.
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幻灯片 79for the time being暂时
for the present现在
for good永远，永久
for sale待售
介词
与名
词搭
配
for+n.
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幻灯片 80介词短语
in favor of赞成 by means of借助于
in place of代替 in case of万一
by way of经由
in time of在……的时候
in spite of尽管 for fear of惟恐
on behalf of作为……的代理
in addition to此外
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幻灯片 81介词短语
as a result/consequence of作为……的结果；由于
for the sake of为了……起见
in terms of就……而言
in praise of赞扬
in preference to偏爱
in exchange for交换
in agreement with协调，一致
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幻灯片 82介词短语
in search of寻找
in the form of以……的形式
in need of需要
in the direction of朝……的方向
on top of在……之上
with regard to关于
in face of面临
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幻灯片 83复合介词
as for/to至于
along with和……一起
instead of代替
apart from除……之外
together with与……一道
except for除……之外
according to根据，按照
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幻灯片 84through/across/over
through强调穿越，突破，度过。
He climbed in through the window.
across跨过，强调挨或贴着表面而过。
We swam across the river.
over翻越，强调空间感。
She climbed over the wall.
表3 几组常见介词的词义辨析
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幻灯片 85above/over/
on
above侧重于相对水平高度，不一定在正上方，也不表示互相接触，反义词是below。
The sun is above the mountain in the east.
over侧重于垂直高度，即位于正上方，一般没有接触的含义，其反义词是under。
Be careful, there is a heavy box over your head.
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幻灯片 86above/over/
on
on侧重于与物体表面接触，其反义词是beneath。
He stood on the cliff top looking at the sea.
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幻灯片 87besides意为“包括……在内”，“除……之外还……”(=in addition to)。
Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables.
besides/
except/
except for/
apart from
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幻灯片 88besides/
except/
except for/
apart from
except与but同义，有“除……之外”的意思，表示从整体除去一部分，排除或不包括在内，but习惯上只用于no， nothing, nobody, nowhere, not anything, who等词之后， except除与上述词连用外，还多与不定代词everything, everybody, everyone, all或副词everywhere, always, usually连用。
①They didn’t open their mouths except to complain.
②Nobody knew her name except me(=but).
③He had considered everything except the weather.
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幻灯片 89besides/
except/
except for/
apart from
except for表示部分地修正主句的内容，带有一种惋惜的语气。而except后面接从句，意思与except for相同。
①Except for an old lady, the bus was empty.
②I would buy the suit, except that it costs too much.
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幻灯片 90besides/
except/
except for/
apart from
apart from意为“除……外”，它既可以表示besides的意思，也可以表示except或except for的意思。
①There were three others present at the meeting apart from Mr. Jackson. (=besides)
②He has done good work, apart from a few slight faults.
(=except for)
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幻灯片 911.［2012潍坊模拟］_______ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Shandong Cuisine．
A．Far from B．Regardless of
C．Instead of D．Apart from
【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意：除了优质的服务外，这家饭店还提供种类繁多的传统鲁菜。apart from除……之外，还有；far from远非；regardless of尽管；instead of 代替; 而不是。
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幻灯片 922.［2012石家庄模拟］_______ will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English．
A．What B．Which C．That D．It
【解析】选D。考查代词。句意：精通英语将变得越来越重要。it在句中作形式主语，不定式短语to have a good knowledge of English作真正的主语。
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幻灯片 933.［2012黄石模拟］Women’s earnings are well below men’s _______ educational differences that are decreasing between the two sexes.
A. in spite of B. in favor of
C. in case of D. in terms of
【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意：尽管两性间的教育差异在减小，但是女性的收入远低于男性。in spite of 尽管； in favor of 支持，赞成；in case of 倘使； in terms of 就……而言，在……方面。
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幻灯片 944.［2012重庆模拟］I’ll spend half of my holiday practising English and _______ half learning drawing.
A. another B. the other
C. other’s D. other
【解析】选B。考查代词。句意：我要花一半的假期时间练习英语，另一半的时间学习画画。the other指两者中的另一个。
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幻灯片 955.［2012厦门模拟］—Which of these resorts do you like best?
—_______. They are both hot and crowded.
A. Either B. None
C. Neither D. Nothing
【解析】选B。考查代词。句意：——这些度假胜地你最喜欢哪一个？——哪个也不喜欢。它们都很热且拥挤。从best可知范围在三者或三者以上。none指三者以上的任何一个都不；either指两者中的一个；neither指两者中任何一个都不；nothing没有什么东西。
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幻灯片 966.［2012贵阳模拟］The red flag looks extremely beautiful _______ the blue sky and white clouds.
A. through B. across
C. beyond D. against
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意：在蓝天白云的映衬下，红旗看起来格外漂亮。 against 以……为背景，衬托；through通过； across通过；beyond超越。
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幻灯片 977.［2012大连模拟］Try hard to make what the teacher teaches _______, and you’ll make rapid progress in your studies.
A. you B. yours
C. yourself D. yourselves
【解析】选B。考查代词。句意：尽力使老师教的东西变成你自己的，这样你会在学习上取得很大进步的。yours在句中作宾语补足语，指你自己的东西。
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幻灯片 988.［2012长春模拟］My parents always remind me to work hard at my lessons and I am allowed to do _______ except studying.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything
【解析】选C。考查不定代词。句意：我的父母总是提醒我努力学习功课，除学习外，什么也不允许我做。根据句意可知用nothing。
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幻灯片 999.［2012南充模拟］Owing to heavy traffic jams, many people would like to choose the train _______ driving.
A. in preference to B. in addition to
C. as with D. as well as
【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意：由于严重的交通堵塞，许多人喜欢选择火车而不愿开车。in preference to优先于；in addition to而且；as with与……一样；as well as不仅……还……。
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幻灯片 10010.［2012郑州模拟］Though the winter in Britain is cold and there is often snow, there are _______ place for skiing.
A. some B. many C. few D. a few
【解析】选C。考查代词。句意：虽然英国的冬天很冷，而且经常下雪，但是这里适合滑雪的地方很少。根据句意选few，表示“(与复数名词连用)不多，很少”。
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幻灯片 10111.［2012杭州模拟］The invention of artificial hearts marked a turning point in the battle _______ heart disease.
A. among B. for
C. against D. between
【解析】选C。考查介词。句意：人造心脏的发明标志着在预防心脏病的斗争中出现了转折点。此处against表示“防，预防”。
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幻灯片 10212.［2012银川模拟］Rose was tired out. She had little time to think of _______ but sleep.
A. everything B. something
C. anything D. nothing
【解析】选C。考查代词。句意：罗斯累坏了。她除了睡觉以外，没时间去想其他事。句中little表否定，故空处应用 anything。
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幻灯片 10313.［2012三亚模拟］She has almost failed the exam, but her sister, _______, has done very well.
A. by contrast B. in general
C. for example D. in addition
【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：她几乎考试不及格，相比之下，她妹妹在考试中考得很好。by contrast相比之下；in general一般地；for example例如；in addition而且。
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幻灯片 10414.［2012西安模拟］People working 10 or 11 hours a day are more likely to suffer from health problems than _______ who go off duty after eight hours.
A. those B. that C. these D. them
【解析】选A。考查代词。句意：每天工作10或11个小时的人比那些8小时后下班的人更可能出现健康问题。此处用those是为了避免重复，代替后面提到的每天工作8个小时的人。
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幻灯片 10515.［2012大庆模拟］She was told to wear flat shoes _______ her back problem.
A. on account of B. regardless of
C. in terms of D. in case of
【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为她的背部问题，她被告知穿平底鞋。on account of表示“因为”。后三项分别表示“不顾”“就……而言”“以防”，都与语意不符。
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幻灯片 10616.［2012成都模拟］The media believe the price of petrol will rise by more than _______ two percent.
A. other B. another
C. any other D. the other
【解析】选B。考查代词的用法。句意：媒体相信石油的价格将会再上涨两个百分点以上，another表示“另一，又一”。
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幻灯片 10717.［2012北京模拟］The Christmas gifts need to be ready _______ next Friday.
A. by B. of C. in D. at
【解析】选A。考查介词的用法。句意：圣诞礼物需要在下周五之前准备好。by表示“在……之前；不迟于……”。
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幻灯片 10818.［2012银川模拟］—The river has been terribly polluted and smells sick.
—Indeed, _______ should be done to stop it getting worse.
A. everything B. something
C. nothing D. anything
【解析】选B。考查代词的用法。句意：——那条河流已被污染，气味难闻。——的确如此，应当采取某些措施以防情况恶化。用something代指“某些措施”。
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幻灯片 10919.［2012济宁模拟］—Lily made the same mistake again.
—Oh, it’s _______ me.
A. above B. with C. beyond D. over
【解析】选C。考查介词用法。“it’s beyond me ”在句中表示“我无法理解”。be beyond sb. 表示“使人无法想像(理解等)”。
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幻灯片 11020.［2012长沙模拟］When _______ comes to baseball, Dorothy knows little about it.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
【解析】选C。考查it的用法。句意：说到棒球，Dorothy对此了解甚少。“when it comes to. . . ”是固定句式，表示“当说到某事(谈到某事)时”。
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幻灯片 11121.［2012北京模拟］—How can I reserve the tickets?
—_______ phone.
A. On B. With C. By D. In
【解析】选C。考查介词与名词的习惯搭配。句意：——我怎样才能预订到票？——通过电话。by phone 意思是“通过电话”，即通过电话订票。by后接交通工具或通讯工具时，名词前不用冠词。
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幻灯片 11222.［2012温州模拟］—We have two seats free here. Which one would you like?
— _______ ! My mother is coming to see the film with me.
A. None B. Neither C. All D. Both
【解析】选D。考查代词。根据题干中的two seats可排除A、C(这两项都用于指三者或三者以上)；neither指“两者都不”；both指“两者都”。根据答语中的第二句话可知D项符合语意，即两个座位都要。
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幻灯片 11323.［2012杭州模拟］Soon after dinner Wayne drove off _______ the direction of Paris.
A. to B. at C. for D. in
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意：饭后Wayne立即开车朝巴黎方向驶去。in the direction of “朝……方向”, 根据语意选D。
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幻灯片 11424.［2012合肥模拟］Our company is seeking for a manager, especially _______ with creativity and imagination.
A. the one B. each
C. one D. that
【解析】选C。考查代词。the one表示特指；that表示代指，可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词；one相当于a/an加单数可数名词，表示泛指。根据语意可知此处泛指有创造力和想像力的人，所以用one。
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幻灯片 11525.［2012潍坊模拟］I just choose a simpler lifestyle, _______ where I can ride my bike and do not have to make a great living to survive.
A. that B. it
C. one D. another
【解析】选C。考查代词。句意：我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式，一种可以骑自行车，不必为生活而奔波的生活方式。one是a simpler lifestyle的同位语。
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