幻灯片 1Unit 3 Tomorrw’s world
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
语法讲座
写作讲座
知识必备
专题练习
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
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幻灯片 2----
幻灯片 3----
幻灯片 4被动语态
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幻灯片 5----
幻灯片 6一、被动语态的概念及构成
1．被动语态的概念
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。动作
的执行者通常由介词by引出。
He was scolded by his mother for breaking the
cup.
他因打破杯子而被妈妈训斥了。
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幻灯片 72．被动语态各种时态的构成
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幻灯片 8Books in the library are not allowed to be taken out without permission.
图书馆的书未经允许不许带出。
The 41st World Expo was successfully held in Shanghai in 2010.
第41届世博会于2010年在上海成功举办。
I shall be given a chance to play in this game again.
我将获得再一次进行比赛的机会。
He found his umbrella had been taken away when he returned.
当他回来时，他发现自己的雨伞已经被人拿走了。
He hoped the thief would be punished as soon as possible.
他希望尽早地惩罚这个小偷。
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幻灯片 9[考题印证1]
1－1(2012·北京高考)—Have you heard about that fire in
the market?
—Yes, fortunately no one________.
A．hurt B．was hurt
C．has hurt D．had been hurt
解析：选 。考查时态和语态。句意：“你听说商场里
发生的火灾了吗？”“听说了，幸运的是，没有人受
伤。”no one与hurt之间是被动关系，而且所说的事发生
在过去，因此应用一般过去时的被动形式。
B
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幻灯片 101－2(2012·安徽高考)After school we went to the
readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it
________.
A．was decorated B．had decorated
C．had been decorating D．was being decorated
解析：选 。考查时态和语态。句意：放学后，我们去
阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显
然是被装修，应用被动语态，B和C两项可排除，又根
据句意可知，阅览室是正在装修，动作正在进行，故用
过去进行时态，选D。
D
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幻灯片 111－3(2012·湖南高考)Don't worry. The hard work that you
do now ________ later in life.
A．will be repaid B．was being repaid
C．has been repaid D．was repaid
解析：选 。考查被动语态的时态。句意：不要担心。
你现在正在从事的工作一定会让你在今后的人生中得
到回报。由句意可知，回报是发生在将来，所以选将
来时态。
A
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幻灯片 12二、被动语态的使用场合
1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁
是动作的执行者时。
His bike has been stolen.
他的自行车被偷了。(不知道动作的执行者)
2．需要强调动作的承受者，动作的承受者是谈话的
中心。
Football is played in most middle schools.
许多中学都踢足球。(强调的是足球这一运动)
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幻灯片 13三、其他形式的被动语态
1．含情态动词的被动语态
构成：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
All the letters should be answered immediately.
所有的信都应立刻回复。
Your homework must be handed in tomorrow.
你的作业必须明天交。
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幻灯片 142．短语动词的被动语态
作谓语的短语动词变被动语态时，不可
将短语动词拆开。
His request was turned down.
他的要求被拒绝了。
Her mother was taken good care of in the
hospital.
她妈妈在医院里被照顾得好好的。
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幻灯片 153．接双宾语的动词的被动语态
接双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可根据需要将
其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语，另一个保留不
动。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中
的主语，间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。
Her father bought her a new bike.
→She was bought a new bike (by her father)．/A
new bike was bought for her (by her father)．
她父亲给她买了一辆新自行车。
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幻灯片 164．接复合宾语的动词的被动语态
接复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动句的
主语，而宾语补足语保留不动(宾语补足语变为主语补足
语)。主动结构中的宾语补足语若是不带to的不定式，在变
成被动结构时，需加上to。
We elected him our monitor.
→He was elected our monitor (by us)．
我们选他当我们的班长。
They made him do so.
→He was made to do so (by them)．
他们让他这样做的。
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幻灯片 175．某些固定句型中的被动语态
(1)It＋be＋过去分词
(said/reported/supposed/suggested/hoped ...)＋that ...
It is suggested that you should spend more time on
English.
建议你应该在英语上多花点时间。
(2)sb./sth.＋be＋过去分词
(said/reported/thought/considered ...)＋不定式。
Cary is said to have explored on the Amazon River.
据说凯里在亚马逊河上探过险。
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幻灯片 18五、应注意的几个问题
1．主动语态表被动意义
(1)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如write，
read，clean，sell，wash，cook等，它们常与well，
badly，easily等副词连用，表示主语的内在品质或性能，
这时是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常用主动形式表示
被动意义。
The cloth washes easily.
这布很好洗。
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幻灯片 19(2)need/want/require(需要), deserve (值得), be worth
等后接动名词的主动语态表被动意义。
My house needs repairing (＝to be repaired)．
我的房子需要修理了。
This film is really worth seeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
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幻灯片 20[考题印证2]
(2012·湖南高考)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ________ to achieve the final success.
A．being done B．do
C．to be done D．to do
解析：选 。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们已经有了一个好的开端，但是为了实现最后的胜利，接下来还有很多的工作要做。need在此意为“需要”， sth. need doing，相当于sth. need to be done，意为“……需要被做”。
C
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幻灯片 21(3)某些形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, fit,
comfortable, pleasant等作表语，后用动词
不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
The box seems heavy to carry.
那个箱子似乎搬起来很重。
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幻灯片 22[考题印证3]
3－1(2012·辽宁高考)This machine is very easy
________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few
minutes.
A．operating B．to be operating
C．operated D．to operate
解析：选 。考查非谓语动词。在句型“主语＋be
＋adj.＋to do”中，如果主语是动词do逻辑上的宾语，
用不定式的主动形式表被动，故选D。
D
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幻灯片 233－2(2010·四川高考)In many people's opinion，that
company, though relatively small, is pleasant
________.
A．to deal with B．dealing with
C．to be dealt with D．dealt with
解析：选 。考查动词不定式的用法。某些形容词
(pleasant，nice，comfortable，difficult，hard，
easy等)后接动词不定式时，常用主动形式表示被
动意义。
A
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幻灯片 24(4)feel, look, seem, taste, sound, remain等系动词后接
表语时用主动形式表被动意义。
The material feels very soft.
这种布料摸起来很柔软。
The food tastes delicious.
这种食品尝起来很美味。
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幻灯片 252．某些动词短语的被动形式不表被动
有些动词短语常常用其被动语态形式，但并不表
示被动，其实这些动词的过去分词已经形容词化
了，我们常说这是一种“系表结构”。此类短语常
见的有：
be ashamed of 因……而害羞
be connected with 与……有关
be crowded with 挤满了……
be devoted to 致力于，献身于
be lined with 排有，排满
be pleased with 对……满意
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幻灯片 26be satisfied with 对……满意
be tired of 讨厌……
be tired with 因……而累
be filled with 充满……
be used to doing 习惯于……
be bored with 对……厌烦
The students were bored with listening to the same song every day.
学生们厌倦了每天听同一首歌。
We are interested in swimming.
我们对游泳感兴趣。
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幻灯片 27[点津] 被动语态和系表结构的区别：“be＋过去分词”可能是被动语态，也可能是系表结构，其区别是：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是动作的对象；系表结构说明主语所处的状态，过去分词相当于形容词。
The cup was broken by my brother.(被动语态)
这个茶杯是我弟弟打碎的。
The cup is broken.(系表结构)
这个茶杯破了。
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幻灯片 283．不能用被动语态的几种情况
(1)不及物动词(或动词短语)如happen, take place, break
out等无被动式。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the
past twenty years.
在过去的二十年里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
(2)某些状态动词(或动词短语)不用于被动语态，如have,
own, possess, lack, fit, suit, belong to等。
My shoes don't fit me.
我的鞋不合适。
(3)当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不用被动语态。
I found myself in the park.
我不知不觉地来到公园里。
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幻灯片 29[考题印证4]
(2009·重庆高考)Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future________to the welleducated.
A．belongs B．is belonged
C．is belonging D．will be belonged
解析：选 。考查动词的用法。belong to表示“属于”，不能用于被动语态，而且也没有进行时形式，因此只有A项正确。
A
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幻灯片 30----
幻灯片 31Ⅰ.将下列句子由主动语态变为被动语态
1．People often connect green house effect to global warming.
→Green house effect often to global warming by
people.
2．Alice saw the thief break into the house last night.
→The thief break into the house last night by
Alice.
3．Can I answer this question in simple English?
→ this question in simple English?
4．You should pay more attention to your table manners.
→Your table manners .
→More attention your table manners.
is
connected
was seen to
Can
be answered
should be paid more attention to
should be paid to
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幻灯片 325．Mike is repairing his radio at home now.
→Mike's radio by him at home now.
6．He gave her some money.
→She some money by him.
→Some money by him.
7．He has written two novels so far.
→Two novels by him so far.
8．Do many people speak Chinese outside China?
→ by many people outside China?
is being repaired
was given
was given to her
have been written
Is Chinese spoken
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幻灯片 33Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2011·天津高考)In the last few years thousands of
films______ all over the world.
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．are producing D．are being produced
解析：选 。考查动词的时态和语态。根据前面的时间
状语“In the last few years”可知应用现在完成时，且
films和produce是动宾关系，故应用现在完成时的被
动语态，选B项。
B
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幻灯片 342．The old man was quite weak after the operation, so he
________.
A．must be taken care B．must take care of
C．must be looked after D．must look after
解析：选 。句意：这位老人手术后很虚弱，所以必
须被照顾。由句意可知此处表示被照顾，故C项正确。
A项若改为“must be taken care of”也正确。
C
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幻灯片 353．Great changes ________ in Beijing, and a lot of new
facilities ________.
A．have been taken place; have been set up
B．have taken place; have been set up
C．have taken place; have set up
D．were taken place; were set up
解析：选 。句意：北京发生了很大的变化，已经建
立了很多新的设施。take place是不及物动词词组，
无被动语态；set up“建立”是主语的承受者，需用被
动语态，故B项符合题意。
B
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幻灯片 364．(2010·重庆高考)The palace caught fire three times
in the last century, and little of the original
building ________ now.
A．remains B．is remained
C．is remaining D．has been remained
解析：选 。remain是不及物动词，故没有被动
语态，排除B、D两项，表示“存在”意义的状态性
动词一般不用于进行时，所以此处用一般现在时。
A
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幻灯片 375．As a result of the serious flood twothirds of the
buildings in the area ________.
A．need repairing B．needs to repair
C．needs repairing D．need to repair
解析：选 。“分数＋可数名词复数”作主语时谓语
用复数，排除B、C两项；need doing相当于need to
be done, 故选A项。
A
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幻灯片 386．I'm sorry to inform you that the flight has been
delayed, because the plane ________.
A．is repaired B．was repaired
C．is being repaired D．has been repaired
解析：选 。考查时态和语态。根据语意可知，
飞机正在修理中，故用现在进行时的被动语态形式。
C
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幻灯片 397．When he got to the post office, the clerk told him
the parcel ________ by a tall man.
A．took away B．was taken away
C．has been taken away D．had been taken away
解析：选 。考查时态和语态。高个子的人拿走包裹
发生在工作人员告诉他之前，故此处应用过去完成时。
take away和parcel之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态。
D
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幻灯片 408．The boy ________ hot on the forehead.He must
be sent to hospital at once.
A．is felt B．felt
C．feels D．was felt
解析：选 。考查时态。本句中feel是连系动词，
故不能用于被动形式。根据语意可以看出，此处
表示目前的状态，故用一般现在时态。
C
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幻灯片 419．The earth is believed ________ by an object the
size of Mars at some point in the distant past
before its surface cooled.
A．to be hit B．to have been hit
C．to have hit D．to hit
解析：选 。句意：人们相信，在遥远的过去，
地球在表面冷却之前，曾经被一个火星大小的物
体撞击过。题干中含有“be believed＋动词不定
式 ”结构。由于地球表面被撞击发生在遥远的过
去，因此动词不定式应用完成被动式。
B
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幻灯片 4210．When the robber ________ to the court, he
looked very peaceful.
A．brought B．was brought
C．is brought D．brings
解析：选 。考查动词的时态和语态。bring和
the robber之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态；
根据主句的时态可以判断，时间状语从句应用一
般过去时态。
B
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幻灯片 43----
幻灯片 44----
幻灯片 45 为了迎接即将到来的期末考试，你校要取消所有的体育课。请你以学生王丽的身份给校长写一封信，建议不要取消体育课。
Dear Headmaster，
①I'm writing to express my views concerning our school's decision that all physical education should be cancelled.
②I know the final exams are coming and we should do all we can to prepare for them.③Our school, in order to make students do well in the exams, has decided to cancel all physical education.④Maybe it's a good idea, but I think
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幻灯片 46it would be better to have PE classes.⑤There are many reasons for this.⑥Firstly, physical education is a necessary part of education.⑦Secondly, PE can make students healthy and give them more energy to review lessons.⑧Thirdly, PE can enrich school life and increase students' interest in study. ⑨Lastly, students need a way to relax themselves in order to increase their efficiency of study.
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幻灯片 47 ⑩In a word, PE greatly benefits students in many ways.⑪So I would appreciate it if you would consider my suggestion and think about letting us have PE classes.
⑫Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Wang Li
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幻灯片 48第一段：表明写信意图。
第二段：阐明自己的观点，提出建议并说明理由。
第三段：再次重申自己的建议，并诚恳希望对方接受。
第四段：希望尽快给予答复。
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幻灯片 49文章观点鲜明，语气柔和，逻辑清晰，论证合理。
1．firstly, secondly, thirdly, lastly, in a word, so等连接词的使用，使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。
2．语法结构和词汇选用恰当、丰富。如：①句中that引导同位语从句；②句中we can是省略关系词的定语从句；⑪句中运用了高级句型“I would appreciate it if you ...”表达了作者的诚恳态度。
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幻灯片 50----
幻灯片 51 建议信是向交流的对方针对某事提出你自己的合理化建议或忠告，使对方接受自己的想法、主张，从而达到解决相关问题的目的。建议信可以是写给个人的，通常是就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可以是写给某个组织或机构的，通常是就改进其服务等方面提出建议或忠告。
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幻灯片 52 写好一封建议信应注意以下几点：
1．信文要素要齐全。建议信的信文通常有六个部分：信头(发信人的地址和发信日期), 信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)，称呼，正文，结束语，签名。有时信头和信内地址可省略。
2．建议要简明扼要，具有合理性和说服力。建议信要写出写信的原因，建议的内容，提出建议的理由。在阐述自己的建议时要目的明确，切中要害。对某一个或某些建议可适当发表自己的看法，但要适可而止，不可漫无边际，喧宾夺主。另外要注意给出的建议要有一定的价值，能够引起读者的兴趣和注意力，这样才能达到进一步交流并解决问题的目的。
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幻灯片 53 3．语气要中肯、礼貌。应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。要考虑到收信人的感受，千万注意不要用说教的口气，也不能把你的想法强加于对方，应该用坦诚的态度提出建议，以理服人，要让对方时刻感受到这是一种交流。
4．论述要逻辑分明、合情合理。要让对方考虑并接受自己的建议，就要在说理的过程中尽量站在对方的角度客观地谈问题，努力做到逻辑分明、理由充分、合情合理，只有这样才能让对方接受你的建议。
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幻灯片 54[黄金表达]
1．首段(表明写作意图，陈述事由)常用句型：
It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on ...
I am writing to express my views concerning ...
You have asked for my advice on ...and I will try to make
some suggestions.
2．主体(提出建议并阐述理由)常用句型：
I would like to suggest/recommend that ...
If I were you, I would ...
It seems to me that you could ...
In my opinion, it would be wise to take the following action.
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幻灯片 55I think it would be more beneficial if you could ...
When it comes to such a situation, I would like to suggest that you can ...
I wonder if you have considered the following.
As to ...I suggest that you should ...
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幻灯片 563．结尾(鼓励收信人接受建议)常用句型：
In the end, I will be very glad if you find my suggestions
useful.
Thanks for reading my letter.I hope you will consider my
suggestions.
I believe you will take my advice into
account/consideration.
I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions
practical/useful/helpful.
Please let me know without hesitation if you need any
help.
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幻灯片 57----
幻灯片 58 假定你是李华，学校领导和教师因为担心同学们浏览不健康的网站，关闭了教室内电脑的网络浏览功能，你们感到很难过。请你给校长写一封信，建议校长同意开通教室内的网络。
信中要包括以下内容：
1．有利于查找资料；
2．浏览新闻，了解信息；
3．作为高中生，我们正在形成自己的判断力。
词数：120左右。
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幻灯片 59[参考范文]
Dear Headmaster，
I'm writing to persuade you to let us surf the Internet in the classroom. We know you're afraid that we may be exposed to unhealthy websites. Actually every coin has two sides. We still believe that surfing the Internet can bring us many more advantages.
First of all, I think it would be better if we can surf the Internet, because there is a wide range of learning resources on the Internet. We should make good use of it. Furthermore, our
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幻灯片 60horizons can be broadened by reading various news online. Last but not least, as high school students, we are building up our sense of judgment.Given chances, we are sure that we will learn how to stay away from unhealthy websites. I do hope you can take my suggestion into consideration and make a final decision.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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