幻灯片 1Unit 1 Advertising
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
语 法 讲 座
写 作 讲 座
知识必备
专题练习
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
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幻灯片 6一、概述
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己
的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语
在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般
前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
二、直接引语变间接引语时应注意的问题
直接引语变为间接引语时，句型、时态、人
称、语序、指示代词等要做相应的变化。
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幻灯片 7句型的变化
(1)陈述句变为间接引语时，用that引导(口语中可省略)，变为宾语从句。
My father said, “I will see a friend off tomorrow.”
→My father said (that) he would see a friend off the next day.
“It's a secret，” he said to me.
→He told me that it was a secret.
He says, “I like singing and I want to be a singer.”
→He says (that) he likes singing and that he wants to be a singer.
1．
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幻灯片 8[点津]
(1)直接引语为陈述句时，若引述动词是say to sb.，则通常改为tell sb.。
(2)及物动词后跟两个(或两个以上)宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。
[助记] 陈述句式直接引语变为间接引语的口诀：
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活；主从时态要一致，状语变化要明确；客观规律永不变，动词变化有一个。
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幻灯片 9(2)一般疑问句、反意疑问句变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导；选择疑问句变为间接引语时，常用whether ...or ...
Tom said，“Did you go to the British Museum yesterday？”
→Tom asked me if I had gone to the British Museum the day before.
“You have finished the homework, haven't you？”his mother asked.
→His mother asked him whether he had finished the homework.
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幻灯片 10He said，“Do you want to go by train or by plane？”
→He asked me whether I wanted to go by train or by plane.
[点津] 直接引语为疑问句时，若引述动词为say, 改成间接引语时应将其改为ask。
[助记] 一般疑问句式直接引语变为间接引语的口诀：
whether/ if接引语，陈述语序莫忘记；人称、时态和状语，变化需用陈述句。
(3)特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，用原疑问词引导，变为宾语从句。语序改为陈述句语序。
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幻灯片 11The teacher asked Nancy, “What are you doing？”
→The teacher asked Nancy what she was doing.
[助记] 特殊疑问句式直接引语变为间接引语的口诀：
疑问词接引语，陈述语序莫忘记；人称、时态和状语，变化需用陈述句。
(4)祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词＋宾语＋动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask, tell, beg, warn, remind, advise, order等。
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幻灯片 12The soldier said to us, “Please stand closer to me.”
→The soldier asked us to stand closer to him.
“Don't play in the street！” the father said to his son.
→The father warned his son not to play in the street.
[点津]
(1)直接引语为祈使句，若句中没有称呼语，变为间接引语时，应根据句意给动词ask, tell, order等补上适当的宾语。
(2)直接引语祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省去。
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幻灯片 13动词时态的变化
(1)如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。
He says, “I have been writing a novel.”
→He says that he has been writing a novel.
(2)如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时态变化如下表：
2．
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幻灯片 14The teacher said, “You are doing OK.”
→The teacher said that we were doing OK. (现在进行时变为过去进行时)
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幻灯片 15I asked her, “Where have you spent your holiday？”
→I asked her where she had spent her holiday. (现在完成时变为过去完成时)
[点津] 下列情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变：
(1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，当其变为间接引语时，不管主句用的是什么时态，间接引语的时态都不变。
(2)直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，变间接引语时仍保持过去时。
“The earth moves around the sun”， my father said to me.
→My father told me the earth moves around the sun.
John said, “I was born on June 8,1982.”
→John said he was born on June 8,1982.
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幻灯片 16人称的变化
(1)“一随主”。若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称保持一致。
She said, “I am busy now.”
→She said that she was busy then.
(2)“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称保持一致。
3．
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幻灯片 17He said to me, “Do you often go to see your teacher？”
→He asked me whether I often went to see my teacher.
(3)“第三人称不更新”。若直接引语中有第三人称，变间接引语时不需要变化。
He said, “She is coming this week.”
→He said that she was coming that week.
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幻灯片 184．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
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幻灯片 20“We'll leave here tomorrow，” he said.
→He said that they would leave there the next day.
“I'll come and see you again this evening, Tom，” he said.
→He told Tom (that) he would go and see him again that evening.
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幻灯片 22Ⅰ.将下列句子由直接引语变为间接引语(每空一词)
1．“Why did you come so late？” Mr Smith asked me.
→Mr Smith asked me so late.
2．Xiao Li said to me, “I joined the Party in 1980.”
→Xiao Li me that the Party in 1980.
3．“Don't spend too much time on football！” Mother
said to me.
→Mother me too much time on
football.
why I had gone
told
he joined
not to spend
told
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幻灯片 234．He asked me，“What's your name？”
→He asked me .
5．Matt asked Ann, “Are you the happiest person in the
world？”
→Matt asked Ann the happiest person in the
world.
6．“Is this book yours or his？” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked me was or
his.
what my name was
if she was
whether that book
mine
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幻灯片 24Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The boy asked his mother ________ go out to play
table tennis.
A．that he could B．if he could
C．if could he D．whether could he
解析：选 。一般疑问句由直接引语变间接引语时，
用if或whether引导，从句用陈述句语序。
B
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幻灯片 25A new teacher of our school asked me if I happened to know ________.
A．where was our headmaster's address
B．in which place was our headmaster's address
C．what our headmaster's address was
D．the place our headmaster's address was
解析：选 。当直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词引导，注意从句必须用陈述语序。
2．
C
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幻灯片 26—What did Susan say just now?
—She said that she ________ come this weekend because of illness.
A．can't B．couldn't
C．won't D．may not
解析：选 。因为主句是一般过去时态，那么宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态。
3．
B
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幻灯片 27The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.
A．not to do B．not to
C．not do it D．do not to
解析：选 。tell sb.(not) to do sth.是祈使句直接引语变间接引语时的常用句式。常见的用于此句式的谓语动词有tell, warn, ask等。故此题答案为B，to后面省去了相同的不定式部分。
4．
B
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幻灯片 28Mother asked the youngest kid ________ with his toy car.
A．what the matter was B．what matter was
C．what was the matter D．what was matter
解析：选 。宾语从句中应用陈述句语序。the matter意为“问题，麻烦，故障”，what was the matter即为陈述句语序。
5．
C
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幻灯片 29The old granny once told us she ________ a lot during World War Ⅱ， ________ her husband and children.
A．suffered; losing B．had suffered; lost
C．suffered; lost D．had suffered; had lost
解析：选 。在间接引语中，过去时间状语during World War Ⅱ要求suffer要用一般过去时；第二个空不是谓语，是结果状语，由于主语与lose是主动关系，所以要用现在分词形式。
6．
A
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幻灯片 30The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound.
A．travelled B．has travelled
C．travels D．was travelling
解析：选 。直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时态，间接引语的时态不变。
7．
C
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幻灯片 31Mrs.Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.
A．never to drive B．to never drive
C．never driving D．never drive
解析：选 。warn后的复合宾语要用不定式作宾补，故可排除C和D。 never是否定词，应放在不定式符号to前面。
8．
A
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幻灯片 32He said that his car ________ stolen and he ______ have to telephone the police.
A．was; would B．has been; will
C．had been; would D．had been; will
解析：选 。“车子被盗”发生在“said”之前，因此应用过去完成时；“报警”发生在“said”后，应用过去将来时。
9．
C
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幻灯片 33He asked me ________ the store was open or closed.
A．whether B．which
C．that D．what
解析：选 。句意：他问我商店是否关门了。whether ... or ...意为“是否”，符合语境。
10．
A
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幻灯片 36 白山旅馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，旅馆希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要内容应包括：
1．地点：距白山入口处500米；2.房间及价格：单人间
(共20间)，100元/天；双人间(共15间)，150元/天；热水淋浴；3.餐厅(中、西餐)，咖啡厅(茶、咖啡)；4.游泳池：全天免费开放；5.欢迎预订。
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幻灯片 37Welcome to Baishan Mountain Hotel
①Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business.
②Baishan Mountain Hotel, only 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain, enjoys a scenic location with convenient transportation and comfortable accommodations (住宿)．③We have two kinds of rooms.④One single bedroom is 100 yuan per day and one double bedroom is 150 yuan a day.⑤All rooms will offer hot water for a bath, so customers can have a good rest after they get back from Baishan Mountain.⑥As for eating, our restaurant
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幻灯片 38serves both local and western food.⑦If you'd like to have a cup of coffee or tea, you can go to the coffee bar.⑧To make people enjoy their trip, we also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge.
⑨We warmly invite you to come and stay at Baishan Mountain Hotel.⑩Welcome to book our hotel's rooms.
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幻灯片 39 本文为广告类介绍文，属说明文范畴，写作过程兼顾了说明文和广告的语言特点。在说明事物时对其特征进行了归类整理。
第一段：简单介绍白山旅馆开始营业。
第二段：根据提示介绍旅馆的主要情况。
第三段：欢迎大家来体验。
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幻灯片 40 整篇文章布局合理，层次清晰，句式灵活多变。如：
②句中only 500 metres ...作定语，修饰Baishan Mountain Hotel；
⑥句中as for短语的运用，使上下文过渡自然；
⑧句中运用了不定式短语作目的状语，which引导非限制性定语从句。
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幻灯片 41----
幻灯片 42 广告是为了某种特定的需要，公开而广泛地告知公众某种事物的一种宣传活动和手段，包括商业性广告和不以赢利为目的的非商业广告。
广告写作就是通过对产品的描写和介绍(包括产品的产地、原料、性能、特征、功能性、实用性、质量、价格等)，达到吸引读者、促进销售的目的。
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幻灯片 43 一、广告的组成部分及写作技巧
文字广告由标题、正文、广告语及附文(可省略)组成。
1．标题：标题为广告的开头，因此一般开门见山而且要具有吸引力和诱惑力，能一下子抓住消费者的注意力。
2．正文：正文一般分为四步。(1)紧紧围绕所推出的产品，介绍它的特性、质量、原材料，以及和同类产品相比最出彩的地方；(2)强调该产品带来的好处，承诺售后服务等等；(3)促使客户采取行动、购买产品；(4)告诉读者购买产品的联系方式。
3．广告语：商业性广告常常带有文字精练的广告语，以便更加引起大众注意。
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幻灯片 44 二、广告的语言特点
1．文字简洁、句式精炼而多变。常用到省略句或实词。句式要变化多端，如陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等。同时注意提高文字的渲染力，尽量使用真实、精炼、幽默、形象化的语言，以吸引读者，给人以某种联想和想象。广告的内容要符合实际情况，不能夸大其辞，更不能无中生有来误导消费者。
2．巧用形容词，善用修饰语。为了更好地介绍产品，说服消费者，常常要用到一些褒义的形容词，如：beautiful, pretty, attractive, honest, wellknown, successful, excellent等；用修饰词来起到强调的作用，如：very, just, too, well, at once, throughout the world等。
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幻灯片 451．常用词汇：
new, delicious, yummy, bargain, practical, perfect,
comfortable, available, order, high quality, so that,
keep ...out等。
2．常用句式：
You can never imagine how ...
Almost everyone who has tried it and loves it!
Why not come and have a taste?
Have you ever regretted not ...?
You'll be amazed at ...
When you buy one, you'll get another one for free.
[黄金表达]
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幻灯片 47某厂家即将推出一款可将扫描文件输入电脑的电子扫描笔，请你根据下表内容为该厂家写一则英语广告。
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幻灯片 48 注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数120左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Are you tired of typing a lot of information into the computer word by word every day?
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幻灯片 49[参考范文]
Are you tired of typing a lot of information into the computer word by word every day？If you are upset about this problem, our latest product, the Risingstar, is surely meant for you and can free you of the trouble forever.Firstly, weighing only 50 grams, it is very convenient to carry around.Secondly, it can scan about 600 Chinese characters into it per minute.It can also be used as a storage tool. Thirdly, it can go with any kind of computers and can perform translation work from English
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幻灯片 50 to Chinese and the other way round.Last but not least, it is environmentally friendly, as it will switch off by itself when you don't use it for some time.
When it comes to the price, you can get one for just 800 yuan, which is a real bargain.
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