幻灯片 1
语法讲座
写作讲座
考点精析
专题练习
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
Module 3 Literature
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
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幻灯片 5一、倒装
英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式，包括全部倒装和部分倒装两种形式。
1．全部倒装
全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
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幻灯片 6(1)here, there等方位副词及now, then等时间副词位于句首，
句子主语为名词，句子谓语为be, come, go等动词时，句子
完全倒装。如：
Here are some new magazines.
这是些新杂志。
Now comes your turn.
现在该你了。
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幻灯片 7[考题印证1]
(2010·江苏高考)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look，there ________ the rest of our guests!
A．come B．comes
C．is coming D．are coming
解析：选 。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，“the rest of our guests”作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。
A
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幻灯片 8(2)为使情境更生动，常把away, down, in, off, out, over, up,
above, below, here, there等方位、方向副词置于句首，句
子主谓完全倒装。
Out rushed the boys when the bell rang.
铃一响，男孩儿们就冲出去了。
Up went the arrow into the air.
箭射上了天。
[点津] 当主语是人称代词时，句子不倒装。
Here he comes.
他来了。
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幻灯片 9(3)为使上下文衔接紧密或保持句子平衡，常把介词短语、
形容词、副词、分词等提到句首，且句子完全倒装。
At the back of the classroom sat some parents, who came
here for some reasons.
教室后面坐着一些家长，他们是因为某些原因来这儿的。
Gone are the days when we lived a poor life.
穷苦的日子一去不复返了。
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幻灯片 10[考题印证2]
(2010·重庆高考)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________， one of the ten largest cities in China.
A．lies Chongqing B．Chongqing lies
C．does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie
解析：选 。考查倒装。表示方位的介词短语“At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River”位于句首，故此处应该用全部倒装。
A
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幻灯片 112．部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
(1)带有否定意义的词或短语放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。
常见的词语有 not, never, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at
no time, not only, not once, under no condition, hardly ...
when, no sooner ... than ..., not until ..., neither ... nor ...等。
Neither will theory do without practice, nor will practice do
without theory.
理论离不开实践，实践也离不开理论。
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幻灯片 12Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
他不仅拒收了礼品，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
[点津] ①当not until引出主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
②只有当not only... but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only...but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
我和你都喜欢音乐。
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幻灯片 13(2012·江西高考)Never before ________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A．had she B．she had
C．has she D．she has
解析：选 。考查倒装结构。never放在句首，句子要用部分倒装结构。从后面的can可以看出是描写现在情况的，故用现在完成时。句意：她从来都没有看到过任何打网球和Robert一样好的人。
C
[考题印证3]
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幻灯片 14(2)表示“也；也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首时，句子要
部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
汤姆会说法语，杰克也会。
If you won't go, neither will I.
如果你不去，我也不去。
[点津] 当so引出的句子用于对上文内容加以证实或肯定
时，不可用倒装结构，意为“的确如此”。
— It's raining hard.
雨下得很大。
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幻灯片 15 — So it is.
的确很大。
(3)only放在句首强调状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，
句子语序要部分倒装。
Only in this way can you work out the problem.
只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。
[点津] 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。
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幻灯片 16[考题印证4]
(2012·天津高考)Only after Mary read her composition the second time ________ the spelling mistake.
A．did she notice B．she noticed
C．does she notice D．she has noticed
解析：选 。考查倒装和时态。句意：只有玛丽把作文读了第二遍之后，她才注意到拼写错误。当“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。因此可先排除B和D。由从句中的Mary read可知，动作发生在过去，因此选A。
A
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幻灯片 17(4)as, though引导的倒装句
as, though引导的让步从句须将形容词、副词、分词、实义
动词及名词提前。
[点津] ①though引导的让步状语从句也可用正常语序。
②句首名词不能带任何冠词。
③句首是实义动词时，其他助动词/情态动词/系动词放在主
语后，而其宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
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幻灯片 18Hero as he is, he still has shortcomings.
尽管他是一个英雄，但是他也有缺点。
Much as I like it, I'll not buy it.
尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。
Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.
无论我使多大的劲，我也无法搬起那块石头。
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幻灯片 19[考题印证5]
(2011·全国卷Ⅰ)Try ________ she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.
A．if B．when
C．since D．as
解析： 选 。考查as的用法。 连词as引导让步状语从句， 从句通常采用倒装语序， 即把表语、 状语或动词放在句首。因此可判断空白处填as。 句意： 虽然Sue尽可能尝试了， 但是她无法打开门。
D
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幻灯片 20(5)so/such ...that 句型中的so/such 位于句首时须倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
他害怕得动都不敢动。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
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幻灯片 21[考题印证6]
(2009·山东高考)So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A．did the attack B．the attack did
C．was the attack D．the attack was
解析：选 。考查倒装结构。在so ... that结构中，so加形容词/副词部分位于句首时，主句的主谓一般采用部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则使用完全倒装形式。本句的正常语序为“The attack was so sudden that the enemy had no time to escape”，故选C项。
C
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幻灯片 22(6)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要到装。
May you all be happy.
望大家开心愉快。
(7)在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语动词有were, had, should
等词时可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 等移到主语之
前，使用部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
如果我是你，我就再试一次。
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幻灯片 23二、强调句型
1．强调句型的陈述句式
It is/was ＋被强调部分(除谓语动词外)＋ that /who＋句子的其他部分
I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
→It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. (强调主语)
→It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. (强调宾语)
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幻灯片 24→It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. (强调地点状语)
→It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. (强调时间状语)
昨天我在车站遇到了李明。
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幻灯片 25[考题印证7]
(2012·重庆高考)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A．when B．that
C．after D．since
解析：选 。考查强调句。分析题干可知此句为强调句，是对句子的状语“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行强调的，故选B项。
B
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幻灯片 262．强调句型的一般疑问句式
Is/Was it＋被强调部分(谓语动词除外)＋that/who＋句子的其他部分
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
他是昨天见到的李平吗？
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幻灯片 27[考题印证8]
(2011·四川高考)Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A．where B．that
C．which D．what
解析：选 。考查强调句型。强调句的结构是：“It is/
was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分”，表示
“正是……”或“就是……”。强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it...that/who...?
B
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幻灯片 283．强调句型的特殊疑问句式
被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)＋ is/was ＋ it ＋ that/who ＋ 句子的其他部分
When and where was it that you were born?
你是什么时候在哪里出生的？
[点津] 构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，且不可省略。强调句中的时态只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
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幻灯片 294．not ... until ... 句型的强调句型结构
It is/ was not until ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that ＋ 其他部分
He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back.
→It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
直到他妻子回来他才上床睡觉。
[点津] 此句型只用until，不用till；但如果不是强调句型，till和until可通用。
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幻灯片 305．谓语动词的强调
如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do, does或did。
Do sit down.
务必请坐。
He did write to you last week.
上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时务必(千万)要小心啊！
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幻灯片 31点击下列图片进入
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幻灯片 32----
幻灯片 33 根据下列内容，用英语写一篇介绍世界著名童话作家安徒生(Hans Christian Andersen)的短文。词数120左右。
他生于1805年；11岁丧父；由于家庭贫穷，童年时期没能上学，他跟人学习缝纫技术；14岁时到一个剧院工作；后来在一些热心人的帮助下上了学；1828 年接受高等教育；毕业后献身于文学。他坚持写小说、诗歌等；他努力创作，获得很大成功；他一生共创作160多个故事；1875年去世。
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幻灯片 34 ①Hans Christian Andersen was born in 1805, whose father died when he was eleven years old. ②Being poor, the family couldn't afford to send him to school. ③He had to go and learn sewing to make a living. ④At the age of fourteen, he went to work at a theater. ⑤Later, with the help of some kind people, Andersen had the chance to go to school. ⑥In 1828, he began his college life and was interested in literature. ⑦After graduation, he began to work on literature. ⑧He kept on writing novels and poems, and his hard work brought him great success. ⑨His works were popular with children. ⑩He died in 1875, leaving the world more than 160 stories.
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幻灯片 35第一段：详述安徒生的人生经历。
第二段：总结安徒生的成就。
运用了多个复杂结构和句式。例如，①句使用了whose引导的定语从句；②⑩句运用了分词作状语，使文章表达丰富多彩。
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幻灯片 36恰当地运用了多个短语。例如，②句couldn't afford; ③句make a living; ⑤句with the help of; ⑦句work on; ⑧句keep on; ⑨句be popular with等，充分体现了作者很高的语言运用能力。
表时间的连词、副词和短语的使用，令文章流畅自然。例如，④句at the age of fourteen; ⑤句later; ⑥句in 1828; ⑦句after等。
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幻灯片 37 人物介绍类文章一般包括以下几个方面：人物的生日或者出生地(birth date and place)；人物的家庭和教育背景(family and education background)；人物生活中的重大事件(big events in his or her life)；对人物的整体评价(evaluation)等。
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幻灯片 38[黄金表达]
1．His/Her family was so poor that ...
2．With the help of ..., he had the chance to go to school.
3．graduate from ... department of ... university
4．When at college, he majored in ...
5．get higher education/go abroad for further studies
6．devote his lifetime/himself to
7．set sb. a good example
8．His hard work brought him great success.
9．People spoke highly of him and all respected/admired him.
10．make a contribution/contributions to
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幻灯片 39点击下列图片进入
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