幻灯片 1
语法讲座
写作讲座
考点精析
专题练习
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
Module 5 Ethnic Culture
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
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幻灯片 5一、动词的过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表示时间、原因、条件、让步的过去分词相当于相对应的状语从句，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致，过去分词与逻辑主语一般是被动关系。
1．作时间状语
When heated, water can be changed into steam.
水加热后可以变成蒸汽。
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幻灯片 6[点津] 作时间状语时，过去分词如果同时表被动和动作完成，常可换用现在分词的被动完成式；过去分词如果只表被动，不表完成，则不可与现在分词的被动完成式换用。
Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last.
在讨论了多次之后，问题终于解决了。 (过去分词既表被动又表完成)
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。 (过去分词只表被动)
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幻灯片 7[考题印证1]
(2011·天津高考)________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A．Translating B．Translated
C．To translate D．Having translated
解析：选 。考查非谓语动词作状语。根据句意可知，“translate”和“the sentence”是动宾关系且动作已经完
成，故用动词的过去分词形式，选B项。
B
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幻灯片 82．作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语，相当于as, since, because引导的从句，这类状语多放在句子前半部分。
Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. ＝ Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective ...
有了著名侦探的指点，那个年轻女士不再害怕了。
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幻灯片 9Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn't dare to sleep in her room. ＝Because she was frightened by the noise ...
姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在自己的屋里睡觉了。
Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
他匆忙完成的作业错误百出。
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幻灯片 10[考题印证2]
(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A．joining B．to join
C．joined D．having joined
解析：选 。考查非谓语动词。此处为原因状语，因join 与逻辑主语the island 构成被动关系而使用过去分词，故选C。
C
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幻灯片 113．作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语，相当于if, unless引导的从句。
Given more attention (If they had been given more attention), the cabbages could have grown better.
如果再精心一些，这些大白菜还可以长得更好。
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.
和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。
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幻灯片 12(2012·湖南高考)Time, ________correctly, is money in the bank.
A．to use B．used
C．using D．use
解析：选 。考查非谓语动词。句意：被用得合理，时间就是银行里存的钱。由句意可知，use与句子的主语time构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以选过去分词形式。
B
[考题印证3]
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幻灯片 134．作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语，相当于though, although引导的从句。
Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged.
=Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged.
尽管被对手打败了，队员们并没有泄气。
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幻灯片 145．作方式或伴随状语
The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.
猎人离开了屋子，后面跟着他的狗。
She sat by the window, lost in thought.
她坐在窗前，陷于沉思。
6．注意事项
(1)过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！
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幻灯片 15[点津] written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。 值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost/absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
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幻灯片 16(2) 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应
注意人称一致。
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more
beautiful to us.
从山顶上看，城市显得更漂亮。
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幻灯片 17(3)如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语
就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词
结构实际上属于独立主格结构。
The signal given, the bus started.
信号一发出，汽车就开动了。
Her head held high, she went by.
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。
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幻灯片 18(4)过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
[点津] 状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连
词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
当你做体检时要保持镇定。
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幻灯片 19(5)过去分词作状语的位置
过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔
开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。
He stood there silently, moved to tears.
＝ Moved to tears, he stood there silently.
他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
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幻灯片 20二、短语动词
1．定义
有些动词常与副词、介词等连在一起构成短语动词。
2．构成形式
(1)动词＋副词
①相当于不及物动词，后不跟宾语。
come up 出现 come out出来 come along来，随同
come back回来 come in进来 get up起床
wake up醒来 hold on等一会 run out 用光
set off出发 go on继续 go up 上升
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幻灯片 21②相当于及物动词，后必须跟宾语。
cheer up 使高兴，使振奋 set up 创立，创建，开办
give out 分发，发出 put off 推迟，延迟
work out 算出 bring about 引起
give up 放弃 think over 考虑
pick out 挑选 put out 熄灭
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幻灯片 22(2)动词＋介词
look after 照顾 laugh at 嘲笑
listen to 听 pay for 赔偿
wait for 等待 deal with 处理，对待
hear from 收到……的来信 insist on 坚持
take after 与……相像 look at 看
look for 寻找 deal with 对待
look after 照顾 depend on/upon依靠
look for 寻找 meet with 遇见
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幻灯片 23[考题印证4]
(2012·湖北高考)I'm so glad you've come here to ________ this matter in person.
A．lead to B．see to
C．turn to D．refer to
解析：选 。考查动词短语辨析。句意：很高兴你能来亲自负责这起事件。B项意为“负责”，符合句意。A项意为
“导致”；C项意为“向……求助”；D项意为“参考”。
B
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幻灯片 24(3)动词＋副词＋介词
look forward to 盼望 go on with 继续
drive up to (将车)开到 come up to 走近
lead up to 引到 fall in with 碰见
catch up with 赶上 keep up with 跟上
do away with 放弃 run out of 用光，用尽
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幻灯片 25(4)动词＋名词
have a look 看一看 have a try试一试
make an appointment 约会 take place 发生
make way 前进 make a discovery 发现
(5)动词＋名词＋介词
take part in 参加 take care of 看管
take notice of 注意 make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意 give place to 让位于
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幻灯片 26[考题印证5]
(2011·浙江高考)The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to ________ it.
A．make the best of B．get away from
C．keep an eye on D．catch up with
解析：选 。考查动词词组辨析。从语意“这所学校不是我
原本真正想要读的，但既然来了，我将不得不好好利用它”可知，make the best of “好好利用”，符合语意。get way from
“逃离”；keep an eye on “照看，留神”；catch up with“赶上，跟上”，都与语意不符。
A
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幻灯片 27(6)be动词＋形容词＋介词
be late for 迟到 be angry with 生……的气
be busy with 忙于 be short for 是……的简称
be good at 擅长 be different from 与……不同
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be famous for 因……而著名
be good/bad for 对……有益/害
be friendly to 对……友好
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幻灯片 28(7)动词＋反身代词＋介词
give oneself to 热心于
occupy oneself with 忙于
dress oneself in 穿着
help oneself to 随便吃/用
throw oneself to 投身于
devote oneself to 专心，致力于，献身
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幻灯片 293．短语动词后宾语的位置
短语动词后直接宾语和间接宾语的位置有以下4种情况：
(1)由“动词＋副词”构成的短语动词的宾语为名词时，该名
词可位于副词之前，也可位于副词之后。
put on the coat或put the coat on 穿上大衣
(2)由“动词＋副词”构成的短语动词的宾语为人称代词(宾
格)时，人称代词只能位于副词之前。
take them off 把它们脱下来
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幻灯片 30(3)利用“for型”和“to型”
bring some stamps back for me 给我带些邮票来
pass it to me 把它递给我
(4)有些短语动词接两个宾语，通常用介词分开，前面为动
词宾语，后面为介词宾语。
rob sb. of sth. 抢某人的某东西
cheat sb. of sth. 把某物从某人处骗走
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
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幻灯片 31点击下列图片进入
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幻灯片 33 写一篇以“The Dai Ethnic Group”为题的120词左右的英语短文，介绍我国重要的少数民族之一——傣族。
写作要点：
1．傣族主要分布在云南省西双版纳，人口数为110多万。傣族历史悠久，汉代就有关于傣族的记载。
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幻灯片 34 2．近些年来，经济发展迅速，尤其是“普洱茶”的生产迅速发展。绝大多数地区的交通都得以改善。人民生活显著提高。
3．傣族的饮食以大米为主。佛教(Buddhism)对傣族的日常生活、风俗习惯都具有明显影响。傣族有自己的服装与语言。每年最盛大的节日为泼水节，那一天傣族人民会举行一系列的庆祝活动。
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幻灯片 35The Dai Ethnic Group
①The Dai Ethnic Group, one of the most important minorities in China, has a population of more than 1.1 million. ② It also has a long history which was recorded as early as the Han Dynasty. Their native region is Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province.
During the past years, their economy has developed quickly. ③ It is its “Pu'er Tea” that is famous at home and abroad. Transportation has been greatly improved in a majority of towns. ④People there are also living a happy life.
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幻灯片 36 ⑤The Dai's staple food is rice, and Buddhism has a strong influence on both their daily life and customs. ⑥They have their own language, whose pronunciation is different from Chinese. ⑦ The most wellknown festival is the WaterSplashing Festival, on which day a series of activities will take place.
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幻灯片 37第一段：傣族的分布、人口及历史状况。
第二段：傣族的经济、交通状况。
第三段：傣族的日常生活、风俗习惯。
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幻灯片 38①句中的have a population of，③句中的at home and abroad，④句中的live a happy life，⑦句中的a series of等短语的使用体现了作者扎实的语言功底。
①句中使用了同位语one of the most important minorities，②句中包含定语从句，③句使用了强调句句型，⑥句使用了非限制性定语从句，⑦句使用了介词＋关系代词的非限制性定语从句。丰富多样的句式提升了文章的层次。
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幻灯片 39 写好介绍类说明文应注意以下几点：
该类文章应用一般现在时和现在完成时；介绍情况时用第三人称，说明观点时用第一人称。
介绍类说明文所需说明之事的要点一般已经列出，要避免逐条翻译。认真研究要点间的逻辑关系，根据它们的内在联系对要点进行梳理，使条理清楚、表达流畅。该合并的要合并，该分开的要分开，切不可照搬要点、盲目写作。
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幻灯片 40[黄金表达]
1．... has a population of around ...
2．Their native region is the ... area/region of ...
3．... have their own dialect, which ...; however, ... is mostly
spoken today.
4．... have an agricultural economy, their main crops being ...
and ...
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幻灯片 415．Their staple foods are ... and ...
6．... have a tradition of building houses ...
7.... women prefer ... while the men wear ...
8．Known as ...
9．The most wellknown ... is ...
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幻灯片 42点击下列图片进入
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