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幻灯片 3A toothy little devil found to be our earliest ancestor
Scientists have discovered the bones of what is thought to be the oldest human species in a cave in South Africa. The study shows that the earliest ancestor of human being was probably a toothy little cannibal(食人魔)．
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幻灯片 4According to a report, scientists found some two million to 800,000yearold fossilskull pieces, jaws, teeth, and other bones at the Sterkfontein caves complex in South Africa's Gauteng Province. The research indicates that this is the earliest ancestors of man discovered by far, which were named Homo gautengensis.
Homo gautengensis were living two million to 600,000 years ago. They were thought to measure 3ft 6 in height and weighed just over 50kg. They were also able to communicate by verbal language. Compared with modern humans, the new species had proportionally long arms, a projecting face somewhat like a chimp's, larger teeth, and a smaller brain.
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幻灯片 5Though the teeth of Homo gautengensis proved they had begun to eat plants, the ancestor of man was by no means vegetarian. Along with the burned and defleshed bones, the marks on the Stw 53 skull suggest that the man “was certainly on the menu of Homo gautengensis”．
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幻灯片 7
1．[教材原句]Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(U5P37)
[真题呈现](2009·湖北，27)As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of________energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.
A．primary B．alternative
C．instant D．unique
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[考题巧解]
解析：alternative“可选择的，可替代的”，符合句意。primary“首要的，初期的”，instant“立即的，迅速的”，unique“独特的”。句意：随着煤和石油越来越少，科学家正在开发利用诸如太阳能、风能和水能等可替代能源。
答案：B
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2．[教材原句]So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless_of the cold.(U5P38)
[真题呈现](2009·江苏，30)This special school accepts all disabled students，________ educational level and background.
A．according to B．regardless of
C．in addition to D．in terms of
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[考题巧解]
解析：regardless of“不管，不顾”；according to“根据”；in addition to“另外”；in terms of“就……而言”。
答案：B
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幻灯片 12Ⅰ.单词速记
1．n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的________→adv. 要不；或者________
2．n. 挨饿；饿死______→v. (使)挨饿；(使)饿死______
3．n. 精确；准确________→adj. 正确的；准确的________
4．vt. & vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止________→n. 断绝；中断；插放________
5．vt. 假定；设想________→n. 假设；假定________
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幻灯片 136．vi. & vt. (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰________→n. 磨具；削具________→adj. 锋利的________
7．vt. 擦净；削平；磨光________→n. 刮刀；刮削器________
8．adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的________→adv. 丰厚地________
9．adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的________→adv. 原始地；简陋地________
10．______ n. (pl. analyses) 分析→vt. 分析；分解______
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幻灯片 1411．______vt. & vi. 使……成熟；成熟→adj. 成熟的______
12．n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义________→adj. 意义重大的；有意义的________
13．adj. 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的________→n. 系统；体系________
14．vt. 吐出(唾液、食物等)________→(过去式)________→(过去分词)________
15．n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠 vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏________
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16．adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的________→n. 放射性______
17．n. 分割；划分；分配；分界线________→vt. 分割；分配________
18．n. 安慰；减轻；缓解________→v. 减轻；缓解________
19．vt. 逮捕；吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留________
20．adj. 有技巧的；熟练的________→n. 技巧；技术______
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幻灯片 16答案：1.alternative; alternatively 2.starvation; starve
3．accuracy; accurate 4.interrupt; interruption 5.assume; assumption 6.sharpen; sharpener; sharp 7.scrape; scraper
8．ample; amply 9.primitive; primitively 10.analysis; analyse/analyze 11.ripen; ripe 12.significance; significant
13．systematic; system 14.spit; spat/spit; spat/spit 15.scratch 16.radioactive; radioactivity 17.division; divide 18．relief; relieve 19.arrest 20.skillful; skill
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幻灯片 17Ⅱ.短语突破
1．________________ 不管；不顾
2．________________ 至多；最多
3．________________ 切碎
4．________________ 受够了；饱受；厌烦
5．________________ 向前看；为将来打算
6．________________ 追溯到……
7．________________ 因……而逮捕某人
8．________________ 欣慰地
9．________________ 以……为骄傲
10．________________ 向某人求助
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答案：1.regardless of 2.at most 3.cut up 4.be fed up with 5.look ahead 6.date back 7.arrest sb. for... 8.with relief 9.be proud of... 10.turn to sb. for help
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Ⅲ.句型总结
1．________ ________it could be just like last year!
要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！
2．She________ ________ ________her destination________a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。
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3．Abruptly she sat down，________ ________ ________ ________ ________by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
她突然坐了下去，结果被她正又笑又嚷的妹妹鲁娜一把抱了起来。
答案：1.If only 2.had almost reached; when 3.only to be scooped up
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幻灯片 221．alternative n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的
①We had to go on, because there was no(other)alternative.
我们只能继续下去，因为没有其他的选择。
②There doesn't seem to be an alternative option.
似乎没有其他的选择。
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幻灯片 23[归纳拓展]
(1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
there's no alternative... ……别无选择
an alternative to... ……的替代品
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
①I had no alternative but to report him to the police.
除了向警察举报他，我别无选择。
②We could walk or alternatively we could go in Ted's car.
我们可以走路去，也可以乘特德的车去。
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幻灯片 24辨析：alternative，choice, selection
(1)alternative 一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。
(2)choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指选择、挑选、抉择。
The store offers a wide choice of fruit and vegetable.
商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。
(3)selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。
Parents should be careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.
家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。
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幻灯片 25[运用提升]
The manager said that they had an________plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.
A．appropriate B．alternative
C．approximate D．anxious
答案：B alternative意为“可供选择的，两者挑一的”。句意：经理说如果他们递交的计划不被接受他们还有另外一个计划。appropriate“适当的”；approximate“大约的，大概的”；anxious“焦虑的”。
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2．interrupt vt. & vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
①We interrupt this programme to bring you a news flash.
我们中断节目，报告新闻快讯。
②It's bad manners to interrupt others when they are talking.
打断别人谈话是没礼貌的。
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[归纳拓展]
(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事
(2)interruption n. 打扰、插嘴、打岔；阻断物
without interruption 连续地；不断地
Let's go somewhere where we can talk without interruption.
我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。
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幻灯片 28辨析：interrupt, disturb
(1)interrupt突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。强调“断”。
(2)disturb较正式用词，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。强调“扰”。
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①You'd better not interrupt him. He is sleeping.
你最好别打扰他。他在睡觉。
②The noise of the machine disturbed my sleep last night.
昨晚，机器的噪声使得我没睡好觉。
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幻灯片 30[运用提升]
完成句子
(1)他们的谈话被敲门声打断了。
Their talk________ ________ ________a knock at the door.
(2)她连续讲了50分钟。
She spoke for 50 minutes________ ________.
答案：(1)was interrupted by (2)without interruption
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3．assume vt. 假定；设想
Don't always assume the worst.
别总往最坏处想。
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幻灯片 32[归纳拓展]
(1)assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that... ……被认为
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
on the assumption that 假定
(3)assuming that... 假设/假定……
①We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.
尚未证实他有罪，就得假定他是清白的。
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幻灯片 33②Assuming that the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money?
假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？
③A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.
许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
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辨析：assume, guess, imagine
(1)assume假设，设想，认为；指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。
(2)guess猜测，猜想，最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
(3)imagine想象，指毫无根据、随意想象，可在脑海中构成清晰的明确的图像。
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[运用提升]
________we make $5,000 every month, it won't take long for us to pay off the debt.
A．Giving that B．Assume that
C．Assuming that D．Given what
答案：C
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4．arrest n. 逮捕；拘留 vt. 逮捕；吸引
①Her laughter arrested our attention and we all stared at her.
她的笑声吸引了我们的注意，我们都盯着她看。
②Embry was arrested for stealing cars.
恩布里因为偷车而被捕了。
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幻灯片 37[归纳拓展]
(1)arrest sb. for 因……而逮捕某人
arrest one's attention 引起注意
get arrested 遭逮捕
(2)under arrest 被捕
make an arrest 进行拘捕
①He was placed under house arrest in 1995.
他在1995年被软禁。
②The police expected to make an arrest soon.
警方很快就会进行拘捕。
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幻灯片 38[运用提升]
完成句子
The general manager of the company________ ________the other day and was still________ ________， which______ ________ ________of the public.
这个公司的总经理前几天被逮捕了，现在还在关押中，这引起了公众的注意。
答案：got arrested; under arrest; arrested the attention
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5．regardless of 不管；不顾
①The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.
这一法律要求平等对待每一个人，不管种族、宗教信仰或性别。
②Regardless of whether he is right or wrong, we have to follow his decisions.
不论他是对还是错，我们必须遵守他的决定。
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点拨：(1)regardless of...强调不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑，而despite和in spite of有“尽管……但是”之意。
(2)regardless of后可接whether, what引导的从句，而in spite of和despite后不可接从句。
All our proposals were rejected regardless of their value.
我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝不管它们的价值如何。
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[运用提升]
________the cold weather, the volunteers came to clean the street as usual.
A．In spite of B．Though
C．Although D．Regardless of
答案：D
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6．If only it could be just like last year!
要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！
“If only＋句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望“要是……就好了/但愿……”。
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幻灯片 43[归纳拓展]
if only...could/would＋do... 表示与将来事实相反的愿望；
if only...did... 表示与目前或现在事实相反的愿望；
if only...had done... 表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
①Ah, if only we had a child!
唉，我们要是有个孩子该多好啊！
②If only you had worked with greater care!
你工作要是再仔细一些该多好啊！
③If only I were a millionaire!
要是我是个百万富翁就好了！
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点拨：only if是由only后接if条件从句构成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”，位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
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幻灯片 45[运用提升]
—Look at these black clouds. It________soon.
—Sure.If only we________out.
A．is raining; didn't come
B．is to rain; won't start
C．will rain; haven't started
D．is going to rain; hadn't come
答案：D
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