幻灯片 1专项语法十一 定语从句
要点精析
一、关系代词that与which的用法区别
1．关系代词指物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况：
(1)关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候。
This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.
这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。
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幻灯片 2(2)关系代词指代前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时。
He failed in the exam, which made his father angry.
他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。
2．that和which都指物时，在下列四种情况下只能用that而不能用which。
(1)当先行词是all, everything, something, nothing, anything, much, little, few等不定代词时。
There was little that I could do for you.
我不能为你做什么。
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幻灯片 3That is all that I want to say.
那就是我想要说的。
(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
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幻灯片 4(3)当先行词被the very, the only, the just等修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
这正是我要买的词典。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他惟一认识的外国人。
(4)当人和物同时作先行词时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
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幻灯片 5(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which is the bike that you lost?
哪一辆是你丢失的自行车？
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
获金牌的小男孩是谁？
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幻灯片 6二、介词＋关系代词
1．“介词＋关系代词”中介词的宾语只能是which(指物)或whom(指人)。
There are 45 students in our class, up to half of whom are boys.
我们班有45人，多达一半是男生。
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
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幻灯片 72．在“复合介词短语＋which”引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
3．“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构。
The poor man has no house in which to live.
那个可怜的人没有房子住。
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幻灯片 84．“of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)
Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
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幻灯片 9例1 (2010·龙岩检测)Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，________he got a good opportunity for further development.
A．after that B．after which
C．after it D．after this
解析：考查定语从句。after which he got a good opportunity for further development是非限制性定语从句。故选B。
答案：B
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幻灯片 10例2 (2009·陕西)Gun control is a subject______Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which
C. about which D. into which
解析：此题考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：枪支控制是美国人争论了很长时间的一个话题。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词which。故选C。
答案：C
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幻灯片 11----
幻灯片 12其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里的那种材料。(as作主语)
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
He is not the same man as he was.
他和过去不同了。(as作表语)
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幻灯片 13[温馨提示]
(1)such...as...(定语从句)像……那样
such...that...(状语从句)如此……以至于……
This is such an easy question as I can answer.
(定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。
This is such an easy question that I can answer it.
(状语从句)这是个简单的问题，我能回答。
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幻灯片 14例 (2010·福州检测)Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest________everyone likes to visit.
A．that B．as
C．which D．what
解析：as everyone likes to visit是定语从句，修饰先行词place, as在从句中作visit的宾语，此句是“such...as...”结构。如果理解为结果状语从句而选择A项，需要在题干中visit后加上it。故选B。
答案：B
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幻灯片 15(2)the same...as...表示相似的东西
the same...that...表示同一人或物
This is the same knife as I lost.
这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。
This is the same knife that I lost.
这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。
四、关系代词as, which的区别
1．as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容。
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幻灯片 16例 (2010·四川，10)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision.
A．that B．which
C．when D．where
解析：句意：大学毕业以后，我抽出了一点时间去旅游，这后来证明是个明智的决定。句中所填处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，不可用that；且在从句中作主语，不可用when和where。
答案：B
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幻灯片 172．当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
＝The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody.
＝It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
后两句属名词性从句范畴。
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幻灯片 183．as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等；which意为“这一点”。
As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.
＝Edison invented the telephone, as is known to all.
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幻灯片 19例 (2010·西安八校联考)A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses，________has happened in Iraq.
A．what B．as
C．that D．one
解析：as为关系代词，引导定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。故选B。
答案：B
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幻灯片 20----
幻灯片 212．当先行词是表示时间的名词时，应注意引导词在定语从句中所作的成分。
Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?
你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？
Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?
你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？
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幻灯片 223．当先行词为case, point, position, situation, activity, scene, stage等表“情形，状况”含义的词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。
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幻灯片 23例 (2009·福建)It's helpful to put children in a situation________they can see themselves differently.
A．that B．when
C．which D．where
解析：句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：They can see themselves differently in the situation。由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而when表“时间”，不合本题要求，只有where符合本题要求。故选D。
答案：D
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幻灯片 244．one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数形动词
the(only) one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数形动词
The Great Wall is one of the world－famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
Titanic is the(only) one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
5．what不能用于定语从句中。
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