幻灯片 1专项语法十四 主谓一致
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幻灯片 2
要点精析
一、语法一致原则
主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。
Two students are waiting for you in your office.
两名学生在办公室等你。
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幻灯片 3二、意义一致原则
1．谓语动词用单数的情况
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan.
那个工人兼作家来自武汉。
(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
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幻灯片 4例 (2010·陕西，24)It is reported that many a new house________at present in the disaster area.
A．are being built B．were being built
C．was being built D．is being built
解析：句意：据报道，现在许多新房屋正在灾区兴建。由at present 可知本句要用现在进行时态，而当“many a＋可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，尽管含有复数意义。
答案：D
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幻灯片 5(3)one/every one/each/either/the number＋of＋复数名词作主语。
Each of the students has a book.
每个学生都有一本书。
(4)由every，any，some，no和one, thing，body等所构成的不定代词作主语。
Is everybody here today?
今天每个人都在这儿吗？
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幻灯片 6
(5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
Persuading him to join us seems really hard.
劝他加入我们看起来确实难。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是一个好的习惯。
Whatever was left was taken away.
无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。
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幻灯片 7
注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What they need are books.
他们需要的是书。
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幻灯片 8
例 (2010·湖南，33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A．is B．are
C．has D．have
解析：句意：在摇滚音乐中，听嘈杂的音乐使一些青少年造成听力损失。本题考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，谓语用单数。根据句法结构，此处应用主动语态。
答案：C
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幻灯片 92．谓语动词用复数的情况
(1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out.
面包和黄油都卖完了。
(2)people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。
People read for pleasure during their spare time.
人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。
(3)一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods, stairs, arms等作主语。
The goods are made in China.
这些货物都是中国制造的。
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幻灯片 10
(4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。
The Himalayas are the roof of the world.
喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。
(5)a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名词作主语。
A number of other plants were found in America.
在美国发现了大量的其他植物。
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幻灯片 11
例 (2009·福建)—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water________.
A．have polluted B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted D．have been polluted
解析：large quantities of＋n. 作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式，故排除B、C两项。由句意可知此处表示“水被污染”，故用被动形式。故选D。
答案：D
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幻灯片 12
3．谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
(1)集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government, majority, group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。
The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.
中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。
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幻灯片 13(3)“kind, sort, pair, type＋名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。
The kind of paper is made of straw.
这种纸是由稻草制成的。
Some kinds of animals are dying out.
一些种类的动物要灭绝了。
(4)all, none, some, any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
All is going on very well.
一切顺利。
All are present besides the professor.
包括教授在内大家都在。
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幻灯片 14
(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/a lot/plenty/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。
A lot of students are coming to the meeting.
有很多学生要来开会。
A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.
准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。
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幻灯片 15三、就近一致原则
1．由or, either...or..., neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Neither you nor I am fit for the work.
你和我都不适合这份工作。
例 (2009·湖南)Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A．are B．is
C．have D．be
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幻灯片 16
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。按照就近一致原则，one of your students的中心词为one，谓语动词该用单数，在本句中is to do表示应该(should)。
答案：B
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幻灯片 17
注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than＋名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
Henry, rather than Jane and John, is responsible for the loss.
损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。
答案：B
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幻灯片 18例 (2009·陕西)Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters，________visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to
C. was going to D. were going to
解析：本题考查主谓一致。句意：Dr. Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。由this summer可知本句应用一般将来时，故排除C、D；together with连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数应取决于其前面的主语，故选A。
答案：A
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幻灯片 192．由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.
文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
Are there three books and one pen on your desk?
你的书桌上有三本书和一支钢笔吗？
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幻灯片 20四、从句中谓语动词的数
1．在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，主谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致，但“one of＋复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，而在“the(only/very)one of＋复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中，谓语动词却用单数。
①He is one of the students who have taken part in the activity.
他是参加过这个活动的学生之一。
②He is the only one of the students who has taken part in the activity.
他是唯一参加过这个活动的学生。
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幻灯片 21例 (2010·全国Ⅱ，9)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________evening dress.
A．wear B．wears
C．has worn D．have worn
解析：考查时态和定语从句的主谓一致。句意：巴巴拉很容易被认出，因为她是唯一穿晚礼服的一位女士。用一般现在时表示当时的状态。先行词被the only 修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
答案：B
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幻灯片 22
2．在强调句型中，如果被强调的部分是原句的主语，that/who后的谓语动词的数与被强调的部分保持一致。
It is I who am wrong.
是我错了。
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