幻灯片 1专项语法五 动词和动词短语
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幻灯片 2要点精析
一、一些常用行为动词的用法
1.lay和lie
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幻灯片 3He lied to me that he had finished his homework.
他向我撒谎说完成作业了。
He laid the baby on the bed.
他把婴儿放置在床上。
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幻灯片 42.arise, rise和raise
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幻灯片 5The sun having set down, a mist arose.
太阳落山后起了雾。
The river has risen by several metres.
河水上涨了好几米。
It's difficult to raise a family on a small income.
依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。
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幻灯片 63.hang的用法
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幻灯片 7He hung his clothes on the wall.他把衣服挂在墙上。
A towel hung from the rail.
栏杆上搭着毛巾。
The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged.
杀人犯被绞死了,为死者报了仇。
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幻灯片 84.look, seem和appear
(1)look强调由视觉得出的印象,意为“看上去,看起来”。
He looks very strong.
他看上去很强壮。
(2)seem表示根据某种情况、状态或迹象所作出的判断,这种判断可靠性较大。
It seems as though there's no way out of our difficulty.
似乎没有办法摆脱我们的困境。
(3)appear表示外表给人的印象,这种印象可能是靠不住的、虚假的。
He appears to be your friend but I doubt if he is.
他看起来像你的朋友,但我怀疑他是否真是。
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幻灯片 9提示:(1)look常用结构:look+adj./v.ed, look+n.;look+介词短语。
(2)seem常用结构:seem+分词/adj./,seem+n.,seem+介词短语;seem to do, It seems that从句。
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幻灯片 105.可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的常用动词
accuse(控告),cheat(欺骗),cure(治愈),inform(通知),remind(提醒),rid(摆脱),rob(抢劫),warn(警告)
This photo reminds me of my school days.
这张照片使我想起了学校生活。
The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding.
该镇居民接到有洪水危险的警告。
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幻灯片 116.可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.” 的常用动词
blame(指责),criticise(批评),forgive(原谅), excuse(原谅),pardon(原谅),punish(惩罚),scold(指责),thank(感谢)
Forgive me for saying so, but I think that's nonsense.
原谅我这样说,但是我认为没意义。
I don't blame you for doing that.
我不责备你做了那事。
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幻灯片 12二、常用动词短语
1.act
act as充当;担任 act for 代表;代理
act out 表演(指用行动、动作表达)
2.add
add in 算入;包括 add to 增加;加到
add up 加起来;总计 add up to 总计;共达
3.agree
agree on 就……达成共识 agree to 同意(建议等)
agree with同意;与……一致;适合于
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幻灯片 134.break
break away from 脱离 break down 坏掉;出故障;垮掉
break into 闯入;破门而入 break out(战争)爆发
break in 破门而入 break off 打断;中断
break through 逾越;突破;冲破
break up 打碎;(物理)分解;分开;结束;制止
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幻灯片 14例 (2009·四川)—How about your journey to Mount Emei?
—Everything was wonderful except that our car________twice on the way.
A.slowed down B.broke down
C.got down D.put down
解析:句意:“峨眉山之游感觉如何啊?”“其他都很好,就是我们的车抛锚了两次。”slow down“放慢(速度),(使)减速”;break down“损坏,(健康等)垮掉,崩溃”;get down“下来,写下,使沮丧”;put down“记下”。故选B。
答案:B
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幻灯片 155.bring
bring about 导致;引起
bring down 降低;使倒下
bring forth 结果;生产;产生
bring forward 提出;提前
bring back 把……带回来;使忆起,使恢复
bring on 引起;使发展;提出(论点等)供讨论
bring out 使显出;使(意义等)明白地表示出来
bring up 养育;培养;呕吐;提出
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幻灯片 166.call
call for 需要;邀请
call on/at 号召;访问
call in 召集;召来
call up 召唤;召集;打电话
call off 取消
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幻灯片 17例 (2009·福建)The Somali robbers' frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to________all nations to take immediate action.
A.fight for B.apply for
C.call on D.wait on
解析:句意:索马里海盗经常在海上袭击(轮船)促使联合国号召所有国家立即采取行动。fight for“为……而战”;apply for“申请”;call on“号召”;wait on“服侍,招待,拜访”。故选C。
答案:C
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幻灯片 187.carry
carry off 获胜;成功做成(困难之事)
carry through 帮助渡过难关;完成;实现
carry on 继续;坚持
carry out 执行
carry back 使记起
carry away 失去理智
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幻灯片 198.come
come about 发生
come across 偶遇
come to 共计;达到;苏醒
come true 变为现实
come up 走上前;被提出
come up with 提出
come along 一起来
come into being 形成;产生
come into power 上台;执政
come to light为人所知
come out 结果是;出来;出版;开花
come on (表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等)来;快;得了
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幻灯片 209.cut
cut down 砍倒
cut in 插嘴;突然插入
cut up 切碎
cut off 隔绝;切断;中止
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幻灯片 2110.die
die off 相继死去
die out 死光;灭绝
die away (风、声音等)渐渐消失
die down (风、雨等)逐渐平息
die off 死于(疾病、情感、年老等)
die from 死于(尤指死于意外事故或疾病、情感以外的原因)
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幻灯片 2211.get
get about 四处走动;传开
get across 传达
get away 逃脱;设法离开
get down 下来;记下
get in 收割;到达
get off 出发;下班
get together 聚会
get through 接通;通过
get down to 开始认真干
get over 克服
get along/on with 进展;相处
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幻灯片 2312.give
give up 放弃
give in 屈服
give out 用尽;分发
give away 泄露;赠送;颁发
give off 发出
give back 归还;使恢复
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幻灯片 24例 (2009·安徽)We tried to find a table for seven,but they were all________.
A.given away B.kept away
C.taken up D.used up
解析:句意:我们想找一张七个人坐的桌子,但桌子全都有人了。give away“出卖,赠送”;keep away“远离”;take up“占据”;use up“用光”。
答案:C
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幻灯片 2513.go
go against 违背;对……不利
go ahead 开始;进展;进行
go after/for 追逐;追求
go without 勉强维持;凑合
go in for 爱好;参加;从事
go through 通过;经历
go over 复习;仔细审查
go by 过去;经过
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幻灯片 2614.hold
hold back 隐瞒;控制(情感)
hold out 维持;抵抗;硬撑
hold up 使……耽搁
hold on 坚持;别挂(电话)
hold together 团结一致
hold on to 保留;抓住不放
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幻灯片 2715.keep
keep away(from) 使远离
keep back 扣除;隐瞒不讲
keep off 避开;不理睬
keep on 继续
keep out 挡在外边
keep up with 跟上
keep up 保持;不低落;持续;继续
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幻灯片 2816.look
look out 当心
look on 旁观
look down upon 看不起
look forward to 盼望
look through 浏览;温习
look into 调查;向内看
look over 检阅;逐一检查
look up 向上看;查阅;形势好转
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幻灯片 29例 (2009·湖北)Would you please________the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?
A.look around B.look into
C.look up D.look through
解析:考查动词短语辨析。从题意判断选D,表示“审核,仔细查看”。句意:你能不能帮我看看这份试卷,看有没有明显的错误?A项“环顾,到处看”;B项“调查,浏览”;C项“查找,向上看”。
答案:D
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幻灯片 3017.make
make up for 补偿;弥补
make out 辨认出
make fun of 取笑
make up one's mind 下定决心
make sense 有道理(意义);讲得通
make good/full use of... 充分利用……
make up 编造;组成;构成;补齐,凑足
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幻灯片 3118.put
put aside 把……放在一边
put away 把……收好
put down 扑灭;平息
put forward 提出
put off 延期;推诿
put out 扑灭;生产
put up 挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿
put up with 忍受;容忍
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幻灯片 3219.set
set off 出发;引爆;引起;激发
set out 开始;动身
set up 建立
set in 开始;到来
set aside 留出
set down 下车;写下;放下
set about doing... 着手做……,开始做……
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幻灯片 3320.take
take in 吸收;欺骗
take for 误认为
take up 占据;从事;拿起
take after 像
take along 随身携带
take charge 负责;掌管
take on 呈现;雇用
take over 接管;接任
take pride in 以……为豪
take away 带走;拿走
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幻灯片 34take out 拿出
take...for granted 认为……想当然
take off 起飞;脱下;休假;走红
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幻灯片 3521.turn
turn down 拒绝;调低
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是;证明是
turn over 移交;交给
turn up 出现;调高
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn away 走开
turn to 求助于;翻到
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