2013高考英语（书面表达）限时训练（8）议论文写作技巧谈
联合国环境组织一行八人来你市考察环境污染情况。当他们来到你们学校向你了解情况时，你向他们介绍：我校位于一个山脚下。一条小河从旁流过。两年前，学校南面建起一座化工厂，排出大量废气、废水，造成严重污染，影响师生健康。如今政府采取了一系列保护环境、防止污染的措施。我们学校现在美如花园
院内树木四季常青，鲜花争艳。词数100左右。
??? 1. 文章必须包括以上主要内容,可以适当增减细节，使内容连贯；
??? 2. 词数100～120左右。
书面表达
? Our school lies at the foot of a small hill. A little river passed by it. A chemical works was built south of our school two years ago. A great deal of poisonous gas had been sent out into the air and a large amount of waste water had been poured into the river. The terrible pollution had done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings.
Now , the government has taken many steps to protect our surroundings and prevent it from being polluted. Now , as you see , our school looks like a beautiful garden. In our school yard there are green trees and all kinds of flowers all the year round.
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Johnson是英国某大学的一名教授, 2000年10月底, 他应中国的邀请, 来华讲学, 在他留华期间, 他到处受到热情接待。除讲学外, 他还访问了几所中学和大学, 游览了长城、颐和园（the Summer Palace）, 参观了许多名胜古迹。
回国后他说中国这个世界上人口最多的国家, 已经取得了显著的成就。他高度赞扬中国的对外开放（open-to-the-world）政策。
Johnson希望在将来某个时候再次访问中国。
请你根据上述提示的内容, 以Johnson的名义写篇短文, 并给一个标题。单词数为80～140之间。
My First Visit to China
? As a famous British professor, I was invited to visit China and give lectures there at the end of October in 2000. During my visit, I was warmly welcomed everywhere. During that period, I gave lectures, visited several middle schools and universities, and visited the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and some other places of interest.
After returning to Britain, I will tell my friends and my family that China is a country with the largest population in the world, and that she has achieved great progress. The “open-to-the-word” policy has done much good to ChinA.
I hope I will be given a chance to visit China for the second time.
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议论文是采用摆事实、讲道理的方式，对某一问题或某一事情进行分析、评论，阐明自己的观点、立场和主张的一种文体。写议论文要把握好三要素：论点、论据和论证。论点是作者要阐述的观点，也就是作者的看法和主张；论据有事实论据和理论论据：前者包括现实和历史事实，后者包括科学原理、经典名言等；论证是论点和论据之间的逻辑联系，也就是运用充分有力的论据来证实论点。那么，怎样写好议论文呢？
（１）论点要正确。论点必须符合客观规律、态度鲜明、有实际意义，能够使读者一目了然。
（２）论据要充分。论据必须确凿可靠、充分典型、贴切自然，能够使读者信服。
（３）论证要合乎逻辑。通过严密的逻辑论证，做到论点和材料的统一，即论点统帅材料，材料证实论点。
（４）中学生写英语议论文主要是写小议论文和读后感。写小议论文就是选择某一件或某一内容不多，但却有代表性和典型性的题目来写。写议论文时，多用被动语态和虚拟语气。写作前要先列提纲，再谋篇布局，遣词造句。
请看下面一则写作实践：
１． 题目要求
根据下列提纲，以"时间就是金钱"为题，写一篇100词左右的议论文。
⑴ 时间比金钱更宝贵。
⑵ 要珍惜时间，因为时间一去不复返。
⑶ 要充分利用时间。
⑷ 浪费时间就等于浪费生命。
⑸ 要养成珍惜时间的好习惯。
参考词汇:宝贵的 valuable;利用 make use of;浪费 waste;养成......的习惯 form the habit of...。
2. 分析题目
所给题目是要求写一篇议论文。主要用一般现在时,通过简单的实例来论证"时间就是金钱"这一论点,使读者认识到珍惜时间的重要性。
3. 草拟提纲
依据要点,用英语简单地列出提纲。可以只列出词组、短语或句型,暂不考虑动词的时态及其它词形变化。
(1) be more valuable than
(2) save time, get back
(3) make full use of time
(4) waste time, waste one's life
(5) form the good habit of saving time
4. 拟用句型
(1) 比较级 + than
(2) form the good habit of doing
5. 拟用词组
(1) save time
(2) get back
(3) make full use of
(4) waste time, waste one's life
6. 扩展句子
依据提纲以及拟用句型和词组,用适当的时态将要点扩展成句子。
(1) Time is more valuable than money.
(2) We must save time.
When time is wasted, we can never get it back.
(3) We must make full use of time.
(4) Wasting time is just like wasting our life.
(5) We must form the good habit of saving time.
7. 连句成篇
运用合适的关联词或过渡句,将扩展好的句子连成篇章。可以适当增添一些情节,以使文章自然连贯。
8. 参考范文
Time is Money
People often say, "Time is money!" That's true, but it is even more valuable than money. When money is spent, we can earn more. However, when time is wasted, we can never get it back. We must make full use of it. Some people spend their time doing nothing at all. That's too bad. Wasting time is just like wasting our life. Now we're students at school, we should spend most of our time acquiring more knowledge and useful things. From now on, let's form the good habit of saving time!
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