2013高考英语（阅读理解）倒计时冲刺50天（5）及答案
阅读理解技法指导
3．主旨大意题
主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种：
(1)The best title/headline for this passage is ______.
(2)The passage(or the first paragraph)is mainly about ______.
(3)What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?
(4)Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
(5)The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ______.
(6)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
(7)The passage mainly tells us that ______.
(8)Which of the following can best sum up the passage?
(9)What's the best/most suitable title of this text/passage?
如：(2012·湖南高考，C篇)
Harvard researchers have created a tough，low-cost，biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells.The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.The material，made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk，is called “shrilk.” It is thin，clear，flexible and strong.
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability.Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and '60s.Decades later，however，plastic's very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags，or short-lived consumer goods，used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill，but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil.
Shrilk has great potential，the inventors said.Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature，found in everything ranging from shrimp shells，insect bodies to living plants.That makes shrilk low cost，and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet，so they're exploring ways to use it in wet environments.They're also developing simpler production processes，which could be used for non-medical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home.They're even exploring combining it with other materials，like carbon fibers，to give it new properties.
66．Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk's ______.
A．remarkable design
B．interesting name
C．major features
D．basic elements
剖析：C 主旨大意题。第一段中主要介绍哈佛大学发明的这种新型材料其灵感来自于动物的外壳，其用途广泛，低耗环保，是塑料的替代品。它由虾壳及丝蛋白制成，因此被命名为“shrilk”，其特点是轻薄、透明、柔韧、结实。不难看出这里介绍的是这种新材料的主要特性，其他选项过于片面。故C项正确。
70．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Recent Progress in Environmental Protection
B．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research
C．The Harm of One-time Products
D．A Possible Alternative to Plastic
剖析：D 主旨大意题。本文为科技说明文，开篇点题，介绍了这种可替代塑料的新型材料的性能等问题，所以D项适合。
这类题目要求在理解全文的情况下归纳文章要点，对全文的中心思想进行概括、总结和评价。考生需要分析文章的篇章结构，认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子或最后一句，抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，弄清作者的写作意图，综合归纳各段要点以把握文章的主题或大意，从而找出能概括文章主旨或中心思想的标题。
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5
(2012·湖南南雅中学模拟，C篇)
When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car，they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.But it was the boxfish (盒子鱼)that interested them.
“We were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic (空气动力学的)car”，says Thomas Weber.He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler.An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.
The boxfish may look clumsy，but it can start，stop，back up and zigzag (曲折前进)through the water with ease.And it does all this using surprisingly little energy.Daimler's bionic (仿生学的)car is modeled on the fish's boxy skeletal(骨骼的)system.Like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily.It's efficient too.
The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry (生物仿生)．Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term.As co-founder of the Biomimicry Guild，she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature's best ideas.
This month，the Nature's 100 Best List will be revealed at the World Conservation Congress (代表大会)in Barcelona，Spain.Benyus co-authored the list of nature-inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli.
In Zimbabwe，a country in southern Africa，engineers designed energy-efficient buildings modeled on termite (白蚁)mounds (土堆)．The buildings use vents (孔) to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool.
A company in Atlanta，US，developed a self-cleaning paint modeled on the lotus (荷花)leaf.When the paint dries，it becomes bumpy (不平的)，just like the lotus leaf.Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them.
Nature has done billions of years of research.Only the best-designed products have survived.Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work，says Benyus.
For scientists and inventors，the possibilities for copying nature are limitless.Technology may never be as efficient as nature，or as colorful.But that doesn't mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us.Take a walk outside.Watch a squirrel climb up a tree.Look closely at the veins(纹理)of a leaf.Hear the birds chirping in the trees.Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.
1．Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．In America a self-cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.
B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.
C．After the boxfish，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.
D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.
2．The clumsy-looking boxfish interested the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that ______.
A．it swims using little energy
B．being boxy，it looks quite like a car
C．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water
D．it is a speedy swimmer
3．Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?
A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.
B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.
C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building a more-efficient car.
D．They wanted to study the science of survival.
4．We can infer from the passage EXCEPT ______.
A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the sky
B．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea
C．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists' inventions or creations
D．if you observe and explore nature，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors
5．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．How Daimler's bionic car came into being.
B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.
C．Scientists and inventors' contribution to modern industry comes from nature.
D．The Nature's 100 best list.
1．D 推理判断题。文章通过举例表明：大自然是我们提高技术的根源。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知C项没有提到。
3．C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car，they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.”可知C项正确。
4．B 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，B项没有被涉及。
5．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For scientists and inventors，the possibilities for copying nature are limitless.Technology may never be as efficient as nature，or as colorful.But that doesn't mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us.”可知B项正确。
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Heading off to college this year? Here are some fashion tips from our experts you should keep in mind:
Dress to impress: Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smith says, "Girls should keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your future career and your classmates will become your professional network. You don't need to dress like you're going to the office, but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate, maturity and confidence, and look put together."
Logo mania(品牌狂热症): Wearing the logos of brands aimed at younger customers physically identifies you as part of that age group, so consider the targeted age group of the stores you shop at. It's tempting to load up on logos, especially well-known logos that signify high-end brands. But consider this: college is a time of self-discovery, a chance to develop your own personal style. Instead of wearing logos head to toe, "walking advertisement"-style, why not express who you really are?
Wear real pants! The combination of leggings and baggy shirts is all too common on college campuses. Smith points out that leggings, yoga pants, and sweat pants are entirely unacceptable in public unless you're exercising. Although leggings worn as pants are a common trend among high school and college girls, they are not an appropriate choice for day wear. As a young woman, your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level. So, get rid of leggings and wear real pants!
Keep the cute factor to a minimum: Stay away from sweaters and T-shirts with smiling animals, cartoon characters, or Hello Kitty on them. Sure, kittens might be cute, but they're not doing you any favors in the style department. Dressing too cutest can take years off your look, and not necessarily in a good way!
60. The second paragraph indicates the importance of .
A. impressing professors
B. getting on well with classmates
C. creating a professional image
D. dressing appropriately
61. The author believes that college girls should .
A. choose a logo that suits their age
B. try to load up on well-known logos
C. use logos to show who they are
D. find their identity by trying different logos
62. The author recommends wearing real pants because .
A. leggings and baggy shirts are too common
B. yoga pants and sweatpants are not as comfortable
C. real pants can present you with appropriate maturity
D. people like real pants better than the other pants
63. What's the writer's attitude towards sweaters with animals on them?
A. They make people look lovely.
B. They are very fashionable these days.
C. They will show you're an animal lover.
D. They are not suitable for college-aged students.
参考答案 60-63 DACD
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