2013届高考英语二轮专题总复习阅读能力培养精品系列（20）
完形填空
In his youth, Darwin was an average student.__1__ he was a big reader. He also was an eager __2__， especially of beetles and butterflies. (He once carried two beetles, one in each hand, and then saw a __3__ so interesting that he decided to put it in his mouth.)
__4__ it came time for higher education, Darwin went to Edinburgh in Scotland to study medicine. But he soon found that he couldn't __5__ the sight of blood. So he left and went to school at the University of Cambridge in England __6__. He was preparing to become a minister, a profession in which blood shouldn't be a(n) __7__.
His heart was not in __8__， though. He spent his time at Cambridge collecting __9__ bugs and talking about science with people like the geologist Adam Sedgwick and the botanist John Stevens Henslow. Henslow saw that Darwin could be a __10__， and helped him get the chance to go on a long sea __11__ of exploration on a ship called the Beagle.
__12__ that ship's five－year trip around the world, Darwin observed many __13__ of life and various geological formations and fossils in South America and islands in the Pacific Ocean.__14__ the time the voyage ended, in 1836, Darwin knew more about life than anybody else.
During this trip, Darwin sent __15__ back to England. So he was well known as a scientist when he __16__. But __17__ becoming a professor, Darwin moved to the __18__. For some reason he was almost always __19__ with a stomach disorder. Doctors couldn't help him. (Even today, experts __20__ what disease he might have had.) So he lived an isolated life with his wife and family. He did experiments, studied plants and animals, read books and wrote papers in the comfort of his country home.
1. A. And B. So C. Or D. But
2. A. collector B. learner C. instructor D. farmer
3. A. larger B. third C. beetle D. second
4. A. Before B. Although C. When D. Until
5. A. meet B. like C. catch D. stand
6. A. yet B. instead C. too D. soon
7. A. sight B. operation C. problem D. necessary
8. A. religion B. study C. research D. science
9. A. fewer B. more C. rarer D. bigger
10. A. scientist B. minister C. geologist D. learner
11. A. discoveries B. voyage C. fishing D. passage
12. A. Before B. After C. Until D. During
13. A. forms B. sizes C. heights D. years
14. A. In B. After C. By D. During
15. A. reports B. application C. news D. bugs
16. A. started out B. came back C. passed away D. sailed out
17. A. fond of B. content with C. rather than D. sticking to
18. A. city B. university C. office D. countryside
19. A. disturbed B. content C. concerned D. curious
20. A. know about B. argue about C. find out D. care about
阅读理解
A
There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well－prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour_the_pleasure_of_society,_offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing(批评) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿). It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not(change this bad habit), it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接触) with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed－up in their quarrels.
1. People who are unhappy ________.
A. always consider things differently from others
B. usually are affected by the results of certain things
C. usually misunderstand what others think or say
D. always discover the unpleasant side of certain things
2. The underlined phrase “sour the pleasure of society”in the second paragraph most nearly means “________”．
A. have a good taste with social life
B. make others unhappy
C. tend to scold others openly
D. enjoy the pleasure of life
3. We can conclude from the passage that ________.
A. we should pity all such unhappy people
B. such unhappy people are dangerous to social life
C. people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness
D. unhappy people can not understand happy persons
4. If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit, the author suggests that people should ________.
A. prevent any communication with them
B. show no respect and politeness to them
C. persuade them to recognize the bad effects
D. quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes
5. In this passage, the writer mainly ________.
A. describes two types of people
B. laughs at the unhappy people
C. suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness
D. tells people how to be happy in life
B
Climate change will force exhausted birds migrating to Europe from Africa to travel further, with possibly disastrous consequences, according to a study.
The annual voyage of some species, which fly north in search of food and suitable habitats, could increase by as much as 400 kilometers (250miles), the research found. “Marathon migrations for some birds are set to become even longer，” said Stephen Willis, a professor at Durham University in Britain and the main architect of the study. “This is bad news for birds like the Whitethroat, a common farmland bird. The added distance is a considerable threat. As temperatures rise and habitats change, birds will face their biggest challenge since the Pleistocene era (更新世：始于距今180万年), which ended 11,000 years ago，” he said in a statement.
Some 500 million birds migrate each year from Africa, some weighing as little as nine grams (three－tenths of an ounce). To complete a voyage that can be thousands of kilometers long, birds have to fatten themselves up to twice their normal weight. Some even shrink their internal organs (收缩内脏) to become more fuel efficient, so any additional distance may be dangerous.
The study finds that from 2071 to 2100, nine out of 17 species examined are going to face longer migrations, particularly birds that cross the Sahara Desert. Some birds traverse the Sahara and the Mediterranean Sea in a one go, while others have a break in northern Africa before crossing. Many fly at night, when temperatures are cooler.
A few—such as the Blackcap—have started to adapt by spending winters in Britain, but such behaviour remains exceptional, the study said. The study forecasts that the migration distance of the Orphean Warbler will jump from 2,700 kilometers (1,700 miles) to between 3,050 and 3,350 kilometers (1,900 and 2,100miles), with even longer increases for the Subalpine and Barred Warblers.
6. What does travelling extra distance mean for some migrating birds?
A. Better living conditions. B. Better physical health.
C. Stronger ability to fly. D. Bigger threat to life.
7. To complete the marathon migrations, some birds have to do the following except________.
A. have a break in Sahara
B. put on more weight
C. reduce the size of internal organs
D. fly at night to avoid the heat
8. What does the underlined word “traverse”in the fourth paragraph mean?
A. Examine. B. Face. C. Cross. D. Challenge.
9. What can we infer from the text?
A. Birds have to migrate from Africa to Europe in winter.
B. Global warming is bad for all birds worldwide.
C. Birds that are of small size don't need to migrate.
D. Some birds have to migrate unless they adapt to climate change.
10. What's the BEST title of the text?
A. Climate change leads to disastrous consequence
B. The annual voyage of some species
C. How birds migrate for longer distances
D. Climate change pushes birds to migrate farther
参考答案
1. 解析：选D。由上下文可知，前后为转折关系。他是一个普通的学生，却是一个读书广泛的人。
2. 解析：选A。联系空后的“especially of beetles and butterflies”及括号内介绍他的故事可知，他喜欢收集生物。
3. 解析：选B。联系上文“carried two beetles”可知。
4. 解析：选C。联系后文“Darwin went to Edinburgh in Scotland to study medicine”及空后的“for higher education”可知，当他需要更高的教育的时候，……。
5. 解析：选D。联系空后“the sight of blood”以及下文的“a profession in which blood shouldn't be a(n) __7__”可知，他害怕血，不能忍受看到血。
6. 解析：选B。instead在这里表示转折。由文意可知，他离开了这里到了英国剑桥大学。
7. 解析：选C。句意为：他打算成为一名牧师，做了牧师后，血就不再是一个困扰他的问题了。
8. 解析：选A。句意为：他原打算要成为一名牧师。但是，他的心也不在宗教上。
9. 解析：选B。collecting more bugs与后面的talking about science为顺接关系，因此可知，他对收集更多的动物和谈论科学感兴趣。
10. 解析：选A。联系后文可知，Henslow帮助他进行环绕全球的航海是想帮助他收集更多的生物标本，因此他觉得达尔文能成为一名科学家。
11. 解析：选B。联系下文“ship's five－year trip around the world”可知，他去航海。
12. 解析：选D。后文介绍的是他在五年的航海期间所做的事情，因此选during。
13. 解析：选A。联系空后“and various geological formations and fossils”可知，他观察了多种生物形式。
14. 解析：选C。联系空后的内容可知，等到航海结束的时候，他比任何人对生物都知道得多。
15. 解析：选A。句意为：航海期间他不断把自己的研究报告发给英国。
16. 解析：选B。后文讲述的是他回到英国后发生的事情，因此选came back。
17. 解析：选C。联系后文的“Darwin moved to the __18__”可知，他没有做教授。
18. 解析：选D。联系后文可知，他搬到了乡村居住。
19. 解析：选A。由后文可知，他受到胃病的困扰。
20. 解析：选B。句意为：即使到了今天专家对他的疾病也在争论不休。
1. 解析：选D。细节理解题。从第二段中“Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things”可知，另一些人为什么感到不幸福的原因。
2. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。从该短语后的“...offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere”可以推测出，选B。
3. 解析：选C。推理判断题。从第二段中“The habit may be strong, but it may be cured...”可以判断出人们可以改变不幸福的脾性。
4. 解析：选A。推理判断题。从第三段中“If they do not(change this bad habit), it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接触) with them”可以看出作者的态度。
5. 解析：选C。主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是那些感觉不幸福的人处处冒犯别人，若长此以往，则只能处于被孤立的境地，所以他们应改变自己的习惯。
6. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The added distance is a considerable threat”可知，多飞的行程对于一些候鸟来说是个很大的威胁。
7. 解析：选A。细节理解题。由第三、四段可知，一些候鸟为了完成马拉松式的迁徙路程需要做的事包括了B、C和D三项。故选A。
8. 解析：选C。词义猜测题。由上文“particularly birds that cross the Sahara Desert”可以推测出，traverse意为“横穿，横跨”。
9. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“A few—such as the Blackcap—have started to adapt by spending winters in Britain”可推知，候鸟若不能适应气候变化就必须迁徙到适合其生存的地方。
10. 解析：选D。标题归纳题。第一段的信息点明了文章的主旨。即：气候变化迫使候鸟迁徙的更远。
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