课时作业(二) [必修1 Unit 2 English around the world]
(限时：45分钟)
Ⅰ.语法填空
In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 1.________ spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitation. 2.________， we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.
There is no easy way to success 3.________ language learning. 4.________ good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only 5.________ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is no much use learning by heart long lists of words and their meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn 6.________ using the language. 7.________ we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of 8.________ (advise) for those 9.________ are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and 10.________ (write) the language whenever we can.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Today, we complete our story about the influential English writer William Shakespeare. He wrote plays and poems during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, which remain very popular today.
During earlier times, people would probably have learned several ancient Roman and Greek plays. It was not unusual for writers to produce more current versions of these works. For example, in Shakespeare's play The Comedy of Errors Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus. For his play Macbeth, Shakespeare most likely used a work on Scottish history by Raphael Holinshed for information. Shakespeare might have borrowed from other writers, but the intensity(强度)of his imagination and language made the plays his own. While many plays by other writers of his time have been forgotten, Shakespeare and his art live on.
Shakespeare was also influenced by the world around him. He described the sights and sounds of London in his plays. His works include observations about political struggles, the fear of diseases, and the popular language of the city's tradesmen. Shakespeare's knowledge of the English countryside is also clear. His works include descriptions of deep forests, local flowers, and the ancient popular traditions of rural people.
It would be impossible to list all of the ways in which Shakespeare's works have influenced the world culture. But the first and greatest example would be his great influence on the English language. During his time, the English language was changing. Many new words from other languages were being added. Shakespeare used his sharp mind and poetic inventiveness to create hundreds of new words and rework old ones. For example, he created the noun forms of“critic”，“mountaineer”and“eyeball”. Many common expressions in English come from his plays, including“pomp and circumstance(装腔作势)”from Othello，“full circle(绕圈子地)”from King Lear, etc. The list of cultural creations influenced by Shakespeare is almost endless. From paintings to television to music and dance, Shakespeare was well represented. Shakespeare's plays have been translated into every major language in the world.
Shakespeare became a well-known writer during a golden age of theater. His years of hard work paid off.
11. What can we infer from the passage?
A．Many of Shakespeare's works were influenced by earlier writings.
B．Shakespeare was hard-working when he was a student.
C．The experience of living in London helped a lot with Shakespeare's works.
D．Shakespeare became rich later because of the popularity of his works.
12. Shakespeare might have learnt some information from ancient Roman works in________．
A．King Lear
B．The Comedy of Errors
C．Macbeth
D．Othello
13. Why could Shakespeare's works survive his time?
A．Because there were so few people writing plays in his time.
B．Because he produced too many works that nobody else could do.
C．Because he was a rich and influential person of his time.
D．Because his works were rich in imagination and language.
14. Shakespeare's greatest influence should be on________．
A．the English language
B．paintings
C．television
D．music and dance
15. The passage is mainly about ________．
A．an introduction to Shakespeare's life and his works
B．the main features and styles of Shakespeare's plays
C．how ancient culture influenced Shakespeare and he influenced culture
D．Shakespeare's greatest influence on the world culture
B
The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Bri-tain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.
In fact, it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the West.
16．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．The difficulties of learning English
B．International communications
C．The standard varieties of English
D．English as a world language
17．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.
B．There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.
C．It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.
D．People learn English for a variety of reasons.
18．According to the passage, what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?
A．It was popular during Shakespeare's time.
B．It is used in former British colonies.
C．It serves the needs of its native speakers.
D．It is a world language that is used for international communication.
19．What forms an adequate working knowledge of English?
A．The ability to read a newspaper.
B．It is difficult to judge because it differs for each situation.
C．Being multilingual.
D．Being a native speaker.
20．What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?
A．Those geographically close to the United States.
B．Those interested in the culture of the United States.
C．Former colonies of Great Britain.
D．Countries where international conferences are held.
Ⅲ.基础写作
近年来，越来越多的人选择“自驾游”作为假期出游的首选。以下是“自驾游”的一些相关信息：
“自驾游”增加的原因：国家将中秋等传统节日设定为法定假日的政策；道路建设的快速发展；越来越多的人拥有私家车。
优势：亲近自然，有较大的自由空间。
注意事项：旅程的安全。
[写作内容]
根据以上表格中的内容，写一篇“自驾游”的英语介绍。
[写作要求]
只能使用五个句子表达全部内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。
参考词汇：自驾游self-drive tourism
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参考答案
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.本文主要讲述了学习外语的一些好的方法。
1．it 指代前面的a foreign language。
2．Thirdly 根据上下文得知这是第三点。
3．in 表示在某个方面。
4．A 好的记忆力有助于学习，memory表示“记忆力”时可作可数名词。
5．to memorize 不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语。
6．by 表示用某种方法。
7．If 前后是条件关系。
8．advice 一条建议，此处应用名词。
9．who 引导定语从句，根据上文先行词those指人，且在从句中作主语，故用who引导。
10．writing practise doing sth练习做某事。
Ⅱ.A
文章向我们介绍了一代文豪莎士比亚的作品为什么能够从当时众多的作品中脱颖而出。他的作品具有顽强的生命力是因为它们继承古代优秀作品之长，并具有自己的特色。
11．A 细节理解题。由第二段的…Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus. For his play Macbeth, Shakespeare most likely used a work on Scottish history by Raphael Holinshed for information. Shakespeare might have borrowed from other writers，…可以看出，莎士比亚的作品受到了早期作品的影响。
12．B 细节理解题。由第二段的…in Shakespeare's play The Comedy of Errors Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus.可知答案。
13．D 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句中的…but the intensity of his imagination and language made the plays his own. While many plays by other writers of his time have been forgotten, Shakespeare and his art live on.说明正是他的语言和想象力的强度使其作品独具特色，具有了极强的生命力。
14．A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段的But the first and greatest example would be his great influence on the English language.可以看出，莎士比亚对后世的最大影响在于英语语言上。
15．C 主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们介绍了古代文化对莎士比亚作品的影响，以及其作品对后世尤其是对英语语言的影响。
B
本文介绍了英语的发展变化情况，说明了会说英语的人的数量是难以估测的，人们学说英语的原因也是多种多样的，以及英语作为一种世界语言在当代社会中的重要性。
16．D 主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句及全文的内容可推知答案为 D。
17．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句及第二段第一句的描述可推知答案为A。
18．D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语在世界不同领域、不同地区的使用，可推知答案为D。
19．B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知答案为B。
20．C
Ⅲ.One possible version：
In recent years, self-drive tourism has become people's preference in travelling during holidays and the reasons why more and more people choose it are as follows. The traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Mid-autumn festival, are set as official holidays, providing people with more chances to travel together with their family and friends. Besides, the rapid development of road construction and the increasing number of people owning private cars make self-drive tourism boom. Compared with traditional tourism, travelling by self-driving enables people to get closer to nature and gives them more freedom in the tour. Since people have to drive all the way during the tour, they have to pay special attention to the safety problem and avoid driving when exhausted.
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