B6动词和动词短语 考 纲 解 读 1.掌握动词的意义和用法,能在真实的语境中对同义词、近义词辨析。 2.掌握动词短语的意义、用法,并在真实语境中进行辨析。 考 情 解 读 考点 题量 年份 动词辨析 动词词 组辨析  2008 11 15  2009 9 13  2010 12 12  2011 10 13  2012 7 13   趋 势 解 读 动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一,也是学生学习中的难点,因此每年均为测试的重点,今后也将继续重视对它的考查,重点将集中在以下几个方面: 1.易混的基础动词及其词组。 2.与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法。 3.部分基础动词及其词组的较高级用法。   No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ________you wishing they were that high. A.getting rid of B.getting along with C.looking up to D.looking down upon 易误选B    在解答本题时,一些考生对所考查的动词get和look构成的词组意思记忆不够准确,从而失分。 句意为:不管你把自己想得多低,总有人会尊敬你,希望他们也像你那么高(好)。根据句意,选C项。   The workers ________the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”. A.carried B.delivered C.pressed D.packed 易误选A、B    单个动词词义辨析不清导致了错误的选择。考查动词词义辨析。句意为:工人们把玻璃制品包装好,在每个箱子上标明“此面向上”。A项表示“携带、搬运、背”;B项表示“投递,移交”;C项表示“按,压”;D项表示“打包,包装”。因此,D项符合句意。    基 础 盘 点 1.动词的及物性和不及物性; 2.被动形式中英汉表达的不同; 3.感官动词用作系动词; 4.同义词、近义词的辨析; 5.give, get, take, look, go, turn, break, make等动词所构成的短语的词义、词性的辨析。 热 门 考 点 1.常见动词近义、同义辨析; 2.常见动词短语辨析; 3.同一介/副词不同的动词搭配。 关 注 节 点 2“热”  热点6·1 (2012·江西卷)We were all agreed that the cottage would ________a perfect holiday home for the family. A.make B.turn C.take D.have 答案 A [make构成、造就之意。] (2012·天津卷)Parents and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. A.open B.narrow C.widen D.leave 答案 B [句意为:父母、孩子沟通可缩小代沟。narrow vt.使……窄。]  完成句子 Ⅰ.①The children are finding it hard to ________ to their new school. 孩子们发觉很难适应新学校。 ②The body ________itself to changes in temperature. 身体进行自我调节以适应温度变化。 ③Having no children of their own,they decided to ________an orphan. 他们因没有亲生儿女,所以决定领养一个孤儿。 答案 ①adapt ②adjusts ③adopt Ⅱ.①The official was ________of corruption. 那位官员被指控犯有贪污罪。 ②The police ________him with murder. 警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。 答案 ①accused ②charged Ⅲ.①She was ________at your saying that. 你说的那些话使她很生气。 ②Pardon me for ________you with such a small matter. 请原谅我为这点小事麻烦你。 ③She opened the door quietly so as not to ________the sleeping boy. 她轻轻开门以免惊扰了睡着的男孩。 ④My speech was frequently ________by applause. 我的讲话一再被掌声打断。 答案 ①annoyed ②bothering ③disturb ④interrupted Ⅳ.①He ________the stars all his life. 他一生都在观察星星。 ②________him. Don't let him escape. 看着他,别让他逃掉了。 ③He ______that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. 他发现有一股岩浆正朝他涌来。 ④I ________but ________nothing. 我看了,但是什么也没看到。 答案 ①observed ②Watch ③noticed ④looked;saw Ⅴ.①It never ________to him that she would be so displeased. 他从没有想到她会这么不高兴。 ②The wedding ceremony will ________at St Andrew's church. 婚礼将在圣安德烈教堂举行。 ③How did these differences ________? 这些差别是怎么产生的? 答案 ①occurred ②take place ③come about Ⅵ.①She ________a good command of English. 她英语很好。 ②No pains, no ________. 不劳无获。 答案 ①acquired ②gains,  1.adapt, adjust与adopt adapt指修改或改变,使某物或某人做些改变以适应新的条件。 adjust调整,调节,指作较小的变动,稍加调节,比较好地适应新环境、新条件。 adopt采取,采纳;收养,领养。 2.accuse与charge 两个词都有“控诉,指控”之意,但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。 accuse vt.指控;控诉,与介词of连用。 charge vt.可以指因为小错而受到责备,也可因违法而受到控告,与介词with连用。 3.annoy, bother, disturb, interrupt与trouble annoy强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心,多指一时的打扰或恼怒。 bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。 disturb较正式用词,多用于被动语态。指扰乱,使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序,是程度较深的烦恼。 interrupt多指打断某人的讲话,中断某人的行为。 trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成伤害。 4.observe, watch, notice, see与look observe强调“留心观察”。 watch表示“观看,欣赏”或“监视”,一般被看的对象应处于运动状态。 notice表示“偶然看到”,其内涵是“看到对象后要作出反应”。如:看到熟人常常打个招呼,看到一件事后在脑中进行判断。 see表示“看到,看见;发觉,发现”,侧重于结果,它不用于祈使句。 look主要表示“看”的动作,不表示结果。 5.occur, take place, happen, come about, break out occur属较正式的用语。它可以指一件偶然事件的“发生”;也可以指在一定的时间“发现,出现(一定的事件)”;它还可以表示抽象事物,如思想等的“产生”;其后接to sb时,常作“想到,想起”解。 take place一般没有偶然的意味,往往指事先布置或策划好而后发生,有时还表示“举行,进行”。 come about意为“发生,产生”,指要解释或说明事情发生的理由,常与how连用。 break out常用于表示战争、火灾等的突然发生或爆发。它是一个不及物动词词组,不能用作被动语态。 happen属普通用语,happen指事情的发生往往带有偶然性或未能预见之意,happen to还表示“碰巧,恰好”。 6.acquire, get, gain, obtain 四个词都有“获得”的意思,但其侧重点各不相同。 acquire多指经过一段时间的努力而获得,获得的内容多是抽象的东西,并且一旦获得很难失去,如知识等。 get是一般用语,指“得到”。obtain较get正式。 gain往往指通过努力或有意识的行动而获得有益的东西。  热点6·2 (2012·陕西卷)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system ________. A.broke in B.broke up C.broke out D.broke down 答案 D [break down出故障,崩溃。]  ①(2012·课标全国)Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can ________almost every word her teacher says. A.put out B.put down C.put away D.put together 答案 B [put out意为“伸出,长出,熄灭,扑灭,出版”;put down意为“把……放下,镇压,平息,写下,记下”;put away意为“把……收起来放好”;put together意为“把……放在一起,组合”。根据句意判断应选B项。句意:玛丽真的擅长在课堂上记笔记,她几乎能记下老师说的每一个字。] ②(2012·浙江卷)Armed with the information you have gathered, you can ________preparing your business plan. A.set out B.set about C.set off D.set up 答案 B [题干的意思是:“用你所收集到的信息武装好自己,这样你就可以着手准备你的商业计划了。”A选项表示“打算,着手”,其后常接不定式形式作宾语;B选项表示“开始,着手”,其后常接动词-ing形式作宾语;C选项表示“出发,使爆炸”;D选项表示“建立,设立”。根据语意及空格后的preparing可确定选项。] ③(2012·江苏卷)—OK, I've had enough of it. I give up. —You can't ________your responsibilities. A.run off with B.run up against C.run out of D.run away from 答案 D [run off with意为“带着……逃走,与……私奔”;run up against意为“意外地碰到,偶遇”;run out of意为“用完……,耗尽……”;ran away from意为“从……逃离,回避……”。后半句句意:你不能逃脱你自己的责任。],  与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词 1.break break away from脱离 break down坏掉;出故障;垮掉 break into闯入,破门而入 break out(战争)爆发 break in破门而入 break off打断;中断 break up打碎;(物理)分解;分开;结束;制止 2.call call for需要,邀请 call on/at号召;访问 call in召集;召来 call up召唤;召集;打电话 call off取消 3.come come about发生 come across偶遇 come to共计,达到,苏醒 come true变为现实 come up走上前,被提出 come up with提出 come into being形成 come into use投入使用 4.get get about四处走动;传开 get across传达 get away逃脱,设法离开 get down下来;记下 get in收割;到达 get off出发;下班 get together聚会 get through接通;通过 get down to开始认真干 ④(2011·浙江卷)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ________at a hotel for the night. A.putting down B.putting off C.putting on D.putting up 答案 D [put down“记下,镇压”;put off“推迟,延期”;put on“穿上,演出”;put up“搭起,张贴,为……提供食宿,投宿,(在……)过夜”。句意:他决定一路开车回家而不是在旅馆住宿。] ⑤(2011·江苏卷)—You look upset. What's the matter? —I had my proposal ________again. A.turned over B.turned on C.turned off D.turned down 答案 D [句意:“你看上去有些心烦意乱。发生什么事了?”“我的建议又被拒绝了。”turn over翻身,移交;turn on打开(电视机,电灯等),接通(电流、煤气、水等),突然袭击;turn off关掉(电流、煤气、水等),拐弯;turn down拒绝;把……调低,关小。答语中含句式have sth done,此处多意为“使某物遭受……”,此意特指不好的事情。] ⑥(2011·陕西卷)Some insects ________the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. A.take in B.take off C.take on D.take out 答案 C [句意:有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。take in“理解,吸收,欺骗”;take off“起飞,脱去”;take on“呈现,承担”;take on a...colour“呈现……颜色”;take out“清除,除掉”。] ⑦(2010·陕西卷)You look well. The air and the seafoods in Sanya must ________you, I suppose. A.agree with B.agree to C.agree on D.agree about 答案 A [考查动词短词辨析。agree with同意,赞成;与……相适应;agree to同意,赞成(观点,看法等);agree on就……达成协议;agree about对……有相同的看法。题干意思是:你看上去很好。我认为:三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。故选A。] ⑧(2010·浙江卷)After that, he knew he could ________any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. A.get away with B.get on with C.get through D.get across 答案 C [本题考查与get相关的短语辨析。分析四个选项的意思:get away with侥幸逃脱;get on with与……友好相处;get through接通,顺利通过,完成;get across被理解,越过。根据语境:经过那件事之后,他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。] ⑨(湖南卷)I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson ________. A.cut in B.cut down C.cut out D.cut up 答案 A [cut in意为“插嘴,打断”。Jackson在谈话时插嘴。cut down意为“砍倒”;cut out意为“切断”;cut up意为“切碎”。] (辽宁卷)The final examination is coming up soon. It's time for us to ________our studies. A.get down to B.get out C.get back for D.get over 答案 A [get down to意为“开始认真做某事”。句意为:因为快要期末考试了,所以到了认真学习的时候了。get out意为“出来”;get back for意为“为……回来”;get over意为“做完”。] ?(辽宁卷)The computer system ________suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A.broke down B.broke out C.broke up D.broke in 答案 A [break down含有“打破,减轻,坍塌,彻底失败,精神不支,中止,把分解”等意思,这里指在他正在搜寻信息时电脑突然坏了。break out意为“发生,(战争等)突发,爆发”。break up意为“开垦,破碎,破坏,解散,结束,衰弱”。break in意为“闯入,打断,使习惯于,使驯服,训练成为”。] ?(江苏卷)Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ________jokes. A.turning up B.putting up C.making up D.showing up 答案 C [make up意为“编造”。根据上下文的意思可判断出Jack善于讲和编笑话。turn up发现,找到;put up建立;show up露出,露面。] ?(浙江卷)The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________his notes. A.bringing up B.referring to C.looking for D.trying on 答案 B [refer to的意思是“借助,参考,参看,引证,引用;翻阅,查看”。根据句意可判断出他作了一个小时的报告没有参考笔记。bring up意为“培养”;look for意为“寻找”;try on意为“试穿”。] ?(全国Ⅰ卷)In some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has ________. A.turned down B.turned over C.fallen down D.fallen over 答案 C [fall down意为“下降”。句意为:在一些西方国家里,对MBA研究生的需求已经下降。turn down意为“关小(收音机等)”;turn over意为“翻过来”;fall over意为“从……落下”。] ?(北京卷)I don't ________rock'n' roll. It's much too noisy for my taste. A.go after B.go away with C.go into D.go in for 答案 D [go in for意为“喜欢”。我不喜欢摇滚音乐。go after意为“追求”;go away with意为“与……离开”;go into意为“进入,参与”。] ?(福建卷)It is certain that he will ________his business to his son when he gets old. A.take over B.think over C.hand over D.go over 答案 C [hand over意为“移交,交出”。句意为:当他年老时,他肯定会把自己的生意交给他的儿子。] ?(广东卷)Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ________most of her day. A.takes up B.makes up C.saves up D.puts up 答案 A [take up意为“占用(时间)”。句意为:海伦经常帮她妈妈,虽然上学占去了她整天大部分时间。make up意为“补足”;save up意为“储存”;put up意为“建立”。],get over克服 get along/on with进展;相处 get up起身,起床 5.give give up放弃 give in屈服 give out用尽;分发 give away泄露;赠送;颁发 give off发出 give back归还;使恢复 6.go go against违背;对……不利 go ahead开始,进展,进行 go after/for追逐,追求 go without勉强维持;凑合 go in for爱好,参加;从事 go through通过;经历,审查 go over复习;仔细审查 go by过去,经过 7.hold hold back隐瞒;控制(情感) hold out维持;抵抗;硬撑 hold up使……耽搁 hold on坚持;别挂(电话) hold together团结一致 hold on to保留,抓住不放 8.make make up for补偿,弥补 make out辨认出 make fun of取笑 make up one's mind下定决心 make sense有道理(意义),讲得通 make good/full use of充分利用 make up编造;组成;构成;补齐,凑足 9.put put aside把……放在一边 put away把……收好 put down扑灭,平息 put forward提出 put off延期;推诿 put out扑灭;生产 put up挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿 put up with忍受,容忍 10.turn turn down拒绝;调低 turn in上交 turn out结果是,证明是 turn over移交,交给 turn up出现;调高 turn off关掉 turn on打开 turn away走开 turn to求助于;翻到  热点6·3 (2012·湖北卷)Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________his courage. A.hold up B.keep up C.set up D.take up 答案 B [keep up保持。]  ①(2012·湖北卷)I'm so glad you've come here to ________this matter in person. A.lead to B.see to C.turn to D.refer to 答案 B [句意:我很高兴你来到这里亲自处理这个事件。lead to“导致,通往”;see to“处理,料理”;turn to“转向,求助,转行”;refer to“提及,查阅,参考”。] ②(2012·四川卷)It's surprising that your brother ________Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long. A.picked up B.looked up C.put up D.made up 答案 A [pick up在此句中意为“无意中获得或学到”。句意:你哥哥学俄语如此之快让人感到惊讶——他住在那儿也没有多长时间。look up“仰望,尊敬”;put up“建造,搭起”;make up“组成,构成,弥补”。] ③(2012·辽宁卷)Rod loves ________clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. A.taking apart B.giving away C.making up D.turning off 答案 A [句意:罗德喜欢将钟表拆开。然而,他从来不能将它们再次组装起来。take apart“拆开,拆卸”;give away“分发,赠送”;make up“构成,弥补,化装,编造”;turn off“关闭”。根据句意A项正确。] ④(2012·安徽卷)The athlete's years of hard training ________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. A.went on B.go through C.paid off D.ended up 答案 C [go on“(时间)过去,灯亮,开始运行,继续,接着,进行,发生”;get through“完成,度过,(使人)明白,通过,接通(电话)”;pay off“还清(债),得到好结果,取得成功”;end up“结束,结尾,停止”。句意:当这位运动员获得了奥运金牌时,她多年的辛苦训练终于有了回报。由句意可知,C项符合题意。] ⑤(2012·福建卷)You had better ________some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. A.set aside B.take up C.put away D.give out 答案 A [set aside意为“留出,拨出(时间、金钱等)”;take up意为“占据(时间、空间等),从事”;put away“把……收起,放好”;give out意为“分发,用尽”。句意:为了能使自己精力充沛,你最好每天留出一段时间来运动。故选A项。] ⑥(2011·课标全国卷)I can ________the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean. A.come up with B.put up with C.turn to D.stick to 答案 B [come up with意为“提出”;put up with意为“忍受,容忍”;turn to意为“转向,求助于”;stick to意为“坚持”。句意:我可以忍受房间里不整齐,但是我讨厌房间里脏。根据句意判断应选B项。] ⑦(2011·山东卷)They are broadening the bridge to ________the flow of traffic. A.put off B.speed up C.turn on D.work out 答案 B [put off“推迟”;speed up“加速”;speed up the flow of traffic“使车流加速”;turn on“打开”;work out“解决,计算出”。句意:他们在拓宽桥面以使车流加速。故B项正确。] ⑧(2011·江西卷)You can't predict everything. Often things don't ________as you expect. A.run out B.break out C.work out D.put out 答案 C [句意:你不可能预知一切。事情的结果往往不是你期望的那样。根据句意可知答案为C项work out,这里意思是“结果是,最终是”。A项“用光,耗尽”;B项“(战争、火灾、瘟疫等)爆发”;D项“熄灭,出版,生产”。] ⑨(北京春季卷)—It's a good idea. But who's going to ________the plan? —I think Tom and Greg will. A.set aside B.carry out C.take in D.get through 答案 B [carry out a plan“执行一项计划”。set aside“把……置于一旁”,take in“接受,吸收”;get through“通过”。] ⑩(全国卷)She ________his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. A.looked up B.looked for C.picked out D.picked up 答案 A [look up“查找,查寻”;look for“寻找”;pick out“挑出来”;pick up“拾起”。她在电话薄里查找电话号码,要用look up。],  与不同动词搭配的 介/副词 1.动词与down构成的短语 break down坏了,垮了,分解 down“向下” turn down调小,拒绝 cut down削减,砍倒 slow down慢下来 put down记下,写下,镇压 tear down拆毁,拆除 set down记下 2.动词与on构成的短语 on“在……上”/动作状态延续 depend on依靠 rely on依靠 insist on坚持 carry on继续,进行 keep/go on继续 put on穿上,戴上,上演 feed on以……为食 3.动词与out构成的短语 out“出来” break out爆发 point out指出 carry out执行,进行 turn out结果是,生产,培养 work out算出,想出办法,健身 find out查出,弄明白 try out试用,试验 look out当心,提防 4.动词与up构成的短语 up“向上”/动作结果 give up放弃,停止,中止 build up建立 set up架起,建立 put up搭起,安装,住宿,张贴 pick up拾起,学会,收听到 bring up抚养,呕吐,提出,调出 stay up熬夜 make up构成,组成 cut up切碎 hold up耽搁,使停顿 5.动词与away构成的短语 away“离开” throw away扔掉 clear away清除掉 die away逐渐消失 take away拿走 put away收起;存放  1.平时要进行大量阅读,在阅读中理解动词及动词词组的新意义,在具体的语境中选择恰当的动词。在平时学习中领悟动词的意义和用法,要特别注意一些最常用的词汇,如get, make, have, take等和一些难分辨的同义词(组)。 2.掌握动词词组的用法,加强对大纲范围内的动词运用的练习,并注重时态和语态。 3.在区别动词及动词词组时应在以下几个方面特别注意: (1)近义词词义及用法,如fit/suit;continue/last;help/aid;supply/provide。 (2)语境中句意对词义的限定。 (3)固定词组的意义,如hand over/take over;go in for/go into。 (4)动词词组的习惯用法。 4.解题时,首先要研读题干,找出信息词,理顺句意,然后再做出最佳选择。 5.既要注意同义词(组)间的语法差异,又要注意它们之间的意义差异。 版权所有:高考资源网(www.ks5u.com)

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