2013高考英语二轮阅读理解（四月）训练（5）及答案
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?
We all know that science plays an important role in our societies．However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science．The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop．?The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action?that scientists use in their work He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available．He rejects authority as the only basis for truth．Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively．
Furthermore,?he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation．
Lastly,?he is full of imagination?since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete．Furthermore,?he needs imagination?if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place．
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts．
10．Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_________
A．knowledge only． B．more than one aspect．
C．technology only．?? D．the use of machines．
11．Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?
A．He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work．
B．He is interested in problems that are explained．
C．He makes efforts to investigate potential connections．
D．He looks for new ways of acting．
12．According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT_______________．
A．easily believe in unchecked statements． B．easily criticize others' research work．
C．always use his imagination in work． D．always use evidence from observation．
13．Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?
A．complete B．objective C．complicated D．accurate
14．What does the passage mainly discuss?
? A．Application of technology． B．Progress in modem society．
? C．Scientists' ways of thinking and acting． D．How to become a successful scientist．
参考答案 BCACC
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A
There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.
Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.
Learning how to use a computer is not that difficu1t, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.
In fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not he1p you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.
41. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should .
A. try to lay a solid foundation in computer science
B. be aware of how the things that they use do what they do
C. learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills
D. understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car.
42. In the second paragraph “violin-making” is mentioned to show that .
A. programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin
B. our society needs experts in different fields
C. violin-making requires as much skill as computer programming
D. people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer programming
43. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because .
A. programs are becoming 1ess complicated
B. programs are designed to be convenient to users
C. programming is becoming easier and easier
D. programs are becoming readily available to computer users
44. According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer” in Para. 3 means learning .
A. a set of rules
B. the fundamentals of computer science
C. specific programs
D. general principles of programming
45. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is .
A. to stress the impact of the computer on society
B. to explain the concept of computer literacy
C. to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow
D. to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job.
参考答案 41-45 C D B CB
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B
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, self-improvement.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. lf he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's s1eep or three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.But couples who decide not to have children ever know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems point1ess. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
46. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because .
A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
47. Raising children, in the author's opinion, is .
A. a moral duty B. a thankless job
C. a rewarding task D. a source of inevitable pain
48. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems form -.
A. hatred B. misunderstanding
C. prejudice D. ignorance
49. To understand what true happiness in, one must______.
A. have as much fun as possible during one's 1ifetime.
B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C. put up with pain under all circumstances
D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun
50. What is the author trying to tell us?
A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. It is important to make commitments.
D. It is pain that leads to happiness.
参考答案 46-50 A C B D A
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C
It's very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place. It is taking place primari1y in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the g1oba1 village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesn't occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.
Likewise, I don’t hear people in the academy saying, “Let’s go backward. Let's go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格降人才)” (which was never true—we never had a meritocracy, although we’ve come closer to it in the last 30 years, ) I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media—not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.
51. The underlined word “imperative” in Para. l most probably refers to something .
A. superficial B. remarkable C. debatable D. essential
52. Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?
A. Minorities B. Politicians C. Professors D. Managers
53. High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to .
A. lower the rate of unemployment
B. win equal political rights for minorities
C. be competitive in the world market
D. satisfy the demands of a growing popu1ation
54. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A. meritocracy can never be realized without diversity
B. American political circles will not accept diversity
C. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. media
D. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity
55. According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by .
A. expanding the pool of potential employees
B. promoting policies that provide skills to employees
C. training more engineers, scientists lawyers and business managers
D. providing education for all regardless of race or sex
参考答案 51-55 D B CA D
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