2013高考英语二轮阅读理解高效训练（3）及答案
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A new study suggests that early exposure to germs(细菌) strengthens the immune(免疫的)system. That means letting children get a little dirty might be good for their health later in life.
The study involved laboratory mice. It found that adult mice raised in a germ-free environment were more likely to develop allergies, asthma and other autoimmune disorders. There are more than eighty disorders where cells that normally defend the body instead attack tissues and organs.
Richard Blumberg，who led the study, is a professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston，Massachusetts. He says, in 1989, medical researchers who sought to explain these diseases, first discovered that the increasing use of antibacterial soaps and other products, especially early in life, could weaken immune systems.
Now, Dr. Blumberg and his team have what is the first biological evidence to link early exposure to germs to stronger adult immune systems. They say this exposure could prevent the development of some autoimmune diseases.
In the adult germ-free mice, they found that inflammation(发炎)in the lungs and colon was caused by so-called killer T cells. These normally fight infection. But they became overactive and targeted healthy tissue—an autoimmune condition seen in asthma and a disease called ulcerative colitis.
Dr. Blumberg says the mice raised in a normal environment did not have the same reaction. He says their immune systems had been “educated” by early exposure to germs.
Rates of autoimmune disorders are rising worldwide, but mostly in wealthier, industrialized countries. According to Dr. Blumberg, it might be high time that people were warned to be more careful with the early use of antibiotics (抗生素) and the prescription from their doctors.
Rob Dunn is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He says the new study does not mean people should stop washing. “Wash your hands, but don’t do it with antibacterial soap. Let your kids play in a reasonable amount of dirt and get outside and get exposed to a diversity of things”, says Rob Dunn.
16. Who first found immune systems might get harmed by overly using antibacterial products?
A. A professor of ecology and evolutionary biology.
B. A professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston.
C. Medical researchers who tried to explain autoimmune disorders.
D. Medical researchers who tried to treat autoimmune disorders.
17. To keep healthy in the future, children had better _______.
A. play in a dirty environment once in a while
B. live in a germ-free environment
C. use plenty of antibacterial soaps
D. stay in developed countries
18. Why are germ-free mice easy to develop lung inflammation?
A. Because their T cells fight bacteria effectively.
B. Because their T cells attack the healthy tissues.
C. Because their lungs become abnormally active.
D. Because their lungs have weaker tissues.
19. It can be inferred from the text that _______.
A. washing hands is no longer a good habit for children
B. antibiotics will be forbidden in children’s hospitals
C. exposure to dirt helps build children’s characters
D. the abuse of antibiotics may be condemned
【文章大意】研究发现，孩子们在小时候适当地接触一点脏的东西会强化他们的自身免疫系统，而过度使用抗生素或抗菌产品反而对人的健康有害。
16.【解析】选C。细节理解题。从文章第三段中的. . . in 1989, medical researchers who sought to explain these diseases, first discovered that the increasing use of antibacterial soaps and other products, especially early in life, could weaken immune systems. 可知，医学研究者最早在1989年发现滥用抗菌产品会对人的免疫系统产生危害。
17.【解析】选A。细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，小的时候接触细菌会强化人的免疫系统，因此让孩子偶尔到脏的环境中是对孩子未来的健康有好处的，文章最后一段中的Let your kids play in a reasonable amount of dirt and get outside and get exposed to a diversity of things也说明了这一观点。
18.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文章第五段中的. . . inflammation in the lungs and colon was caused by so-called killer T cells. These normally fight infection. But they became overactive and targeted healthy tissue. . . 可知答案。
19.【解析】选D。推理判断题。由文章第三段中的the increasing use of antibacterial soaps and other products, especially early in life, could weaken immune systems. 及倒数第二段中的it might be high time that people were warned to be more careful with the early use of antibiotics and the prescription from their doctors. 可知抗生素的滥用可能是不适宜的，会削弱人体的免疫系统。
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第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
●Hi, Carolyn: It’s been a bad time for my husband and me. I haven’t been able to get pregnant since a miscarriage about a year ago, and many people around me have had babies or are getting pregnant. 20 I have been looking for another job for months and have been on more interviews than I ever thought I would get. But I still don’t have a new position.
21 I know everyone has ups and downs, but I feel like I’ve been down so long, with nothing changing. How do you continue feeling hopeful when so many things go wrong? I’ve seen a doctor. She did help, but it still hurts when another friend is pregnant or wait another week with no job offer.
—Feeling Down
●Dear, Feeling down: It will hurt, yes. And if you’ve lost hope, then analyzing the depression is a must. It’s so personal that it’s hard to make suggestions, but what are you reliably good at, what gives you great pleasure, and what puts smiles on your face? 22 For many it’s just getting to the other side, knowing you have a favorite book or the person you love waiting for you at the end of the day.
Personally, being a mom also comes with difficult lows, since all kids struggle with the world and with their parents. It’s their job. While you say “so many things go wrong, ” I actually count two in your letter—losing your baby and your job. 23 But you do have your general health, your talents, your marriage, your friends, your family, and other abilities and interests to move you forward. 24
—Carolyn
A. I don’t mean to minimize either; they’re life’s challenges, and you’re facing both.
B. I’m beginning to feel like I can’t have things go right.
C. Would you be so kind as to help me with my problems?
D. My job is probably not going to last beyond spring.
E. Whenever you need them, they are proof of your strength.
F. For some people it’s exercise; for some it’s giving their time to a goal.
G. Take a deep breath and just take it easy.
答案解析 20～24. DBFAE
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(1)
Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot(行李箱).
Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠) at Romney Marsin, Kent after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. “Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly,” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn’t force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”
Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.”
His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.
1. What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A. The Story of Mr. Johnson, A Sweet Salesman
B. Car Boot Can Serve As The Best Escape Route
C. Driver Escapes Through Car Boot
D. The Driver Survived A Terrible Car Accident
2. Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson?
A. The hammer. B. The coin.
C. The screw. D. The horn.
3. Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. Mr. Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down.
B. Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam.
C. Mr. Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road.
D. Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat.
4. “Finally it gave” (Paragraph 5) means that _______.
A. Luckily the door was torn away in the end
B. At last the wrench went broken
C. The lock came open after all his efforts
D. The chance was lost at the last minute
5. It may be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. the ditch was along a quiet country road
B. the accident happened on a clear warm day
C. the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch
D. Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended
【答案解析】
本文记述了Mr. Johnson由于车祸被困于水下车内半个小时，最后死里逃生的故事。
1. C。主旨题。根据第1段 Mr. Peter Johnson…escape from his trapped car…through the boot 可归纳出文章的标题为答案C。
2. B。细节题。根据第4段 Mr. Johnson 所说的话及他后面所做的事情可推知此题答案为B。
3. C。细节题。根据第2段第一句…skidding on ice and hitting a bank 可推知答案为C。
4. C。词句理解题。根据其上文 …work on the boot lock 及下文 but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in 可推知此题答案为C。
5. A。推断题。根据第4段最后一句 but no help came 及最后一段的第一句 Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby 可推知地点是在寂静的农村，此题答案为A。
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