2013高考英语书面表达讲义及训练（20）及参考范文：巧练写作，提高表达水平
同学们也许认为英语写作十分难。要么拿到题目，自己无从下手；要么自己洋洋洒洒下笔千言，却没有几句是正确的。其实，掌握具体技巧，经过一定时间训练，英语写作是可以征服的。
1. 扎实基本句型的训练
写文章以句子为开始，因此我们要学会用句子来表意，大量练习写句子。英语有五种基本句型：（1）主+谓；（2）主+谓+宾语；
（3）主+系动词+表语；（4）主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；（5）主+谓+宾语+宾补。当然还有许多常用句型，如There be句型，What / How 引导的感叹句，祈使句，倒装句，强调句等。我们可以通过造句，汉译英等练习方式反复操练。
2. 加强词汇学习，凝练英语表达方式
语言离不开词汇，如果没有词汇，就无法用英语进行表达；如果没有一定的词汇数量，就无法准确而又灵活地表意。因此我们要扩大自己的词汇量，并经常进行词汇训练，形成良好的表达习惯。如果可以学会用英语解释词汇及句子，背诵些好词好句，默写些课文中重要句型，经典段落等会更好。
***********************************************************结束
【记叙文写作训练01】
1． 请仔细看一下下面的图画，注意图画中的细节：
Pollution does harm to us all!
A chemical factory lies near my home. The manager was criticized by the government because the factory gave out lots of harmful smoke every day, but he paid no attention. Then the factory was forced to stop production and the manager said angrily, “Is there any evidence to show that we did harm to people's health? In fact, we haven't.” Just then, a doctor came, with the result of the medical exam, saying the manager was suffering a lung cancer. It is very clear that the pollution has harmed not only the people around the factory but also the manager himself. The manager regretted having caused so much pollution. Now he has realized the importance of keeping the air clean.
******************************************************结束
【记叙文写作训练02】
2．根据图画写一篇短文，叙述某天小明与其妈妈发生的故事。
One day, Xiao Ming saw a little girl fall over. He wanted to help the girl up, but his mother stopped him and said, “Don't do that, otherwise others will think it was you who knocked her down.” Another day, the mother was shocked to see Xiao Ming just let the fallen oil bottle be. And Xiao Ming said to his mother, “If I had straightened the bottle up, you would have thought that I did it.”
I disagree with what the mother did in the story. I think parents should set a good example to their minds. They should not only care for their children's health, but their minds. They should let their children know it is a pleasure to help others who are in trouble. We live in the society which is a big family for all of us.
Everyone should do something good to build up our society, right?
***********************************************************结束
3. 多训练口头表达，实现"说写"转换
我们知道，"写"是口头表达的文字记录。如果我们口头表达能力强，写作也会十分顺利。因为我们口语中反复使用的句型结构和表达方法就是我们写作的基础。在日常生活中，我们应该随时有意识地使用英语，大胆开口。另外还可以多参加些英语角活动，进行英语演讲、英语辩论等活动来有意识地锻炼自己。
4. 扩大阅读量，开展多方面的写作训练
大量地接触原汁原味的英语文章，并揣摩西方思维方式，这有助于我们写出地道的英语文章。当然，阅读后，我们可以结合文章的内容进行缩写、改写、仿写或写读后感。
5. 有计划地进行文体训练
一般有三种最基本的文体：记叙文、说明文和议论文。写作之前，先要确定其文体，然后认真审题，分析表达要点，从而进行谋篇布局。不同文体有不同写法，分别有计划地进行训练。如记叙文中如何描述地点、人物、事情；说明文中以怎样的说明方法连段成文；议论文中写什么主题句、次主题句等。
6. 注重修改，及时记录反馈情况
完成作文后，可以交给老师批阅或同学们之间互改，并认真记录写作中所出现的典型错误，当然，我们还有必要掌握以下几种具体写作技巧：
1) 多用词组表达单个词义
The dog was killed in the accident. →
The dog lost his life in the accident.
2) 避免用相同词汇
My father likes reading and my mother likes cooking, but I like playing games. →
My father likes reading and my mother enjoys cooking, but I am fond of playing games.
3) 简单句复杂化，即尽量用较高级的表达方式
①He is learning English and I am sitting beside him. →
He is learning English with me sitting beside him.
②That boy is very young. He can't go to school. →
That boy is too young to go to school.
4) 使句子开头多样化
①You should work very hard to pass the exam. →
To pass the exam, you should work very hard.
②They have made a decision after they discussed. →
After discussing, they have made a decision.
③The house looked very different, dark and empty. →
Dark and empty, the house looked very different.
5) 巧用连接词，圆滑过渡
My holidays in Jigang Mount were not only interesting but also relaxing. I fished
every day. Usually my wife, children and I had time to take long walks in the woods. Meanwhile, I taught my children to identify many trees as well as flowers. Every night my wife and I talked late, watching the stars in the sky.
6) 注重英语写作中起、承、转、合的特定词
It is said that / To take... for example / On the contrary / As far as I can see / It follows that / The important thing is / There is no doubt that...
7) 长短句交插
We can imagine the beautiful surrounding. There are many trees along the streets. There is a clean river in the city. There are many fishes in the river. There are willow trees on the one side. There are some pieces of grassland on the other side. There are many flowers on them.
修改后的段落：
Just imagine the beautiful surrounding if we make our cities greener. Green trees line the streets. A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound. On the one side stand rows of willow trees. On the other side lies a stretch of grassland with many yellow and red flowers.
修改后的这一段中，不仅句子长短交插，而且句型结构变化很大，使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。
【点此下载】