2013高考英语书面表达讲义及训练（27）及参考范文：书面表达中常见的错误
一、用词不当
英语词汇十分丰富，一句话要表达某种含义，首先要选择合适的词。如要表达"她轻轻抚摸了一下他的脸。"学生译成"She slapped him on the face."（她打了他一耳光），令人啼笑皆非。又如"她由于不小心掉到河里了。"学生将其译成"She fell into the river with the mistake of foot."将"由于不小心" 译成"由于脚的错误"。应将其改为"because of carelessness"更好。可见写文章时，必须认真斟酌词句，不能用汉语式的英语往上搬。平时应注意同义词的学习，吃不准时，应多查词典。
6．假如你是李晓华，住在江城。你的加拿大笔友Bob来信谈到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡江城的情况。请你用英语写一封回信。回信须包括下表中的内容。
???? 自然情况
①位于长江边、风景优美、适合居住
?
??? 成就
?
②经济发展迅速
?
③新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等。
?
??? 存在问题
④水、空气污染
⑤交通拥挤
对江城发展的看法
⑥(内容由考生自己拟定)
?
注意：1．回信中不能使用“江城”以外的地名。
2．词数100左右。信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。
参考词汇：经济economy n．
Dear Bob，
It's very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city.Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng．
Yours，
Xiaohua
Dear Bob，
It's very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang River. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better hometown in future.
Yours,
Xiaohua
***********************************************************结束
二、基本语法概念不清
一些学生基本语法概念较差，动词时态、语态、语气以及数的形式不加以区分，名词单复数混乱，词汇和句型的惯用法任意改变等。
1. 句中无谓语
They earn some money so that they can independence.
2. 用非谓语动词作谓语
Our world to get more and more lovely.
At present, more and more families can affording to buy cars.
3. 句子结构混乱
There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.
The girl is standing over there is from a big city.
三、词性混用
学生不熟悉构词法，分不清词性，如succeed-success-successful-successfully，或者说他们知道各类词性，但不会用，写出的句子错误百出。
As you know, Beijing has successful bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.
But to my surprised, the car didn't stop.
Lucky， his stepmother was kind to him.
They hope to be independent in economically.
教师平时应注意多指导，如介词后面接名词或动名词；副词修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时侯修饰整个句子。学生应了解和掌握英语用词的基本规则，尽量避免这些错误。
四、句型单调，句子与句子之间缺乏自然过渡
一篇文章如果简单句过多，句型单调，即使语法错误较少，思路较清晰，但看后总使人感到乏味。 要学会长句短句交替使用，变换句型，尝试使用一些较复杂语法结构及句型，适当运用过渡词，使文章连贯。下面这一小段文章如果去掉连接词actually，不用非限制性定语从句或插入语，而用一个简单句表示，句型就显得十分单调。例如：
The survey found that nearly half of pupils and 80% of the middle shool students have some problems with sleep. Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will, no doubt, have great influence on their health.
当然，在写作方面还远远不止这些问题，还会遇到许许多多其它错误。那么我们应当如何避免诸如此类错误从而提高自己的写作水平呢？
首先我们应打牢基础知识，从模仿英语范文入手并十分注意英汉两种语言结构的差异。此外，要多练笔，文章写完后要多修改几遍。要认真阅读教师的修改部分，看看和自己的原作有什么不同、为什么。这样经过努力，文章定有起色。
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